新华社北京7月16日电(记者 王敏、蔡玉高)经过日夜兼程的长途跋涉，搭载“蛟龙”号载人潜水器的“向阳红09”船16日顺利返抵青岛，这标志着“蛟龙”号历时10年的研制和海试工作圆满结束。下一站，“蛟龙”号将驶向哪里？记者为此专访了中船重工702所研究员、“蛟龙”号总设计师徐芑南和中船重工原总工程师、中国造船工程学会副理事长方书甲等。

    Beijing, July 16(Reporter ma、CaiYuGao)After battling day and night for a long walk，carrying“dragon”Manned submersibles“Xiangyang red 09”The ship 16 smooth detour to Qingdao，This marked the“dragon”After 10 years of development, and the sea try work successfully concluded。Next stop，“dragon”Number will sail to where？Reporter for this interview with the Chinese heavy industry 702 researchers、“dragon”Chief designer, xu south and the heavy industries (pumps dioxins chief engineer、China shipbuilding engineering society vice director of grade a recipe books。

   

    “蛟龙”号圆梦记  “dragon”Dream, remember

    10年前，就在数个国家已经多次执行5000米级下潜作业时，我国还没有1000米级深潜器。“我们用10年时间，步入了深潜界先进国家行列。”徐芑南告诉记者，然而，“蛟龙”号的梦想早在20年前就在中船重工人的心中扎根发芽了。

    Ten years ago，In several countries have several times executive level 5000 meters diving operations，China is still not 1000 meters deep level editor。“We use 10 years time，Into the world's advanced countries in advanced。”Xu pumps dioxins south told reporters，however，“dragon”Th dream early in the 20 years ago in the heart of the workers in the Chinese heavy roots sprouted。

    蓝色的大海不仅风光秀美，深邃的海底深处蕴藏着无穷无尽的奥秘和宝藏：与陆地截然不同的生命系统和压力环境，尤其是在陆地资源日益紧张甚至面临枯竭的情况下，丰富的油气、可燃冰、多金属结核体，吸引着造船人云集的中船重工：啥时候能造一个“蛟龙”，也到深海里遛遛？

    Blue sea not only beautiful scenery，Deep deep sea containing endless mystery and treasure：And the land of very different life system and pressure environment，Especially in land resources are increasingly nervous even run out，Rich oil and gas、Flammable ice、Many metal n/med tuberculosis body，To attract a collection of the builder (heavy industry：What time can make a“dragon”，The ocean also walking the walk？

    “20年前，社会对深海开发还没有成熟的需求。我们一直开展相关研究作技术积累。直到2002年国家863计划该项目批下来1.8亿元。”方书甲回忆说，有了资金，立即启动了“蛟龙”号研制工作。

    “20 years ago，Social development on deep sea is not mature demand。We have been research technology accumulation。Until 2002 the national 863 plan of the project down 180 million yuan。”Recipe books a recalls，Have the funds，Immediately launched“dragon”Research work,。

    于是，没有任何可直接套用的技术资料、没有任何实战经验，中船重工702所造一条“龙”只能从零做起：

    so，No ready-made technology material、No actual combat experience，The Chinese heavy industry 702 created a“dragon”Only from scratch：

    深海高水压、低温度、腐蚀性强，仅做“龙形”的外壳材料就让人头疼，在无数次探索中，研发人员对钛合金材料进行了强度、冲击、疲劳、变形等一系列实验，掌握了钛合金材料在水下的特性，画出第一张设计图纸；

    Deep sea high pressure、Low temperature、Strong corrosion，Only do“dragon”Shell material let people have a headache，In countless times in exploration，Research and development personnel of titanium alloy materials of strength、impact、fatigue、Deformation and so on a series of experiments，Master the titanium alloy material in underwater features，Draw the first piece of design drawing；

    为了挑战7000米海底的能量供给，研发人员发明了一种极其大胆又巧妙的充油式蓄电池，电池浸泡在油中，核心部件却与海水隔绝，即使倾斜60度，电解液也不会与海水接触……

    In order to challenge the 7000 meters of energy supply，Researchers invented a very bold and clever filling oil type battery，The battery soaked in the oil，But the core components and cut off，Even if tilted 60 degrees，The electrolyte also won't contact with the sea......

    “‘蛟龙’号经费并不宽裕，要把钱花在刀刃上。”方书甲告诉记者，就连用来配合“蛟龙”号实验的“向阳红09”母船，也是利用一艘1978年超期服役的科考船改装而来。

    “‘dragon’Th funds poor，To spend on the blade。”Recipe books armour told reporters，Even used to cooperate“dragon”Number of experimental“Xiangyang red 09”Mother ships，Also use a ship in 1978 of the ship overterm service modified。

    2009年8月以来，“蛟龙”号转战海试：1000米、3000米、5000米、7000米……

    Since August 2009，“dragon”Fought the sea, try：1000 m、3000 m、5000 m、7000 m...

   

    “蛟龙”号归海记  “dragon”, remember to the sea

    “蛟龙”号这次海试一波三折。

    “dragon”This time, try the smooth。

    “‘蛟龙’号刚一出海，就遭遇台风‘玛娃’，只好在长江口绿华山锚地抛锚避风。到达预定海域后，受西太平洋热带风暴‘古超’影响，第一次下潜试验只好推迟。”徐芑南介绍，6月15日海试正式开始后，接着潜水器液压系统的管路出现故障，海试又被迫延迟。

    “‘dragon’Number just a sea，Had the typhoon‘Eva and’，Had to in the Yangtze estuary green mountain shelter anchorage is broke down。Arrived at the scheduled after the waters，By west Pacific tropical storm‘The ancient super’influence，The first dives test had to be put off。”Xu introduced pumps dioxins south，June 15, try the official start of the sea，Then submersibles hydraulic system failure of the pipeline，The delay was forced to try again。

    “虽然在地面上我们有仿真的模拟实验水池，做了大量的试验，但真正的深海环境是谁都没有遇到过的。”徐芑南告诉记者，这毕竟是我国第一台深海载人潜水器，第一次到达这样的深度，出现问题是预料中的，但要尽快想办法解决问题。

    “Although we have on the ground simulation simulation experiments of pool，Do a lot of testing，But the real deep sea environment is who are not met。”Xu pumps dioxins south told reporters，This is, after all, our country the first deep manned submersibles，First arrived at this depth，Problems is expected，But as soon as possible to think of a way to solve the problem。

    经过排查，问题很快被找到了。工作人员发现部件生锈带来锈蚀，从而使一根管子爆裂。“当时，我们不是说简单地换掉一根管子，而是彻底检查‘蛟龙’号，同样的管子一共用了16根，于是把所有的管子全部换掉，这样海试就延迟了。”

    After testing，Problem soon was found。Staff have found parts rust bring rust，So that a pipe burst。“At that time，We are not saying simply replace a pipe，But thoroughly check‘dragon’number，The same tube use 16 root，So all the pipes are all changed，So the sea to try delayed。”

    好事多磨。正是在研发人员精益求精、举一反三的工作作风下，此次“蛟龙”号海试共进行6次下潜试验，其中3次超过7000米，4次改变我国记录，最深达到7062米。

    The best things are difficult。It is in research and development personnel to strive for perfection、Extrapolate style of work，the“dragon”The total of 6, try dives test，Three times more than 7000 meters，4 times change our country record，The most to 7062 metres。

    “通过这些试验，圆满完成了预定的7000米级海试任务，全面验证了潜水器的各项性能和功能，充分说明蛟龙号具有在占世界百分之九十九以上的海域进行海底作业考察调研的能力。”徐芑南说。

    “Through these testing，The successful completion of the scheduled 7000 meters sea level try task，Comprehensive validation the scuba machine of various performance and function，Full explanation of the world, in the dragon has more than ninety-nine percent of the waters of the sea homework investigation research ability。”Xu pumps dioxins south said。

    深海之处的奥秘让76岁的徐芑南欣喜而激动。“想想，深海一片漆黑，灯光一打，‘蛟龙’号在海底释放出诱饵后，各种各样不同大小、不同颜色的鱼、虾、海参等都游过来。我们还逮住两只海参。”

    The mystery of the deep sea in my 76 year old xu joy and excitement pumps dioxins south。“Think about，Deep sea was black，Lighting a dozen，‘dragon’In the bottom of the sea, released after the bait，All kinds of different size、Different colors of the fish、shrimp、The sea cucumber and swam across。We also caught two sea cucumber。”

    他说：“造物主多么神奇！在7000米海底，每平方米都要承受相当于一个埃菲尔铁塔的重量，然而，这些生物是怎样生存的，如果研究透了，是否可以有益人类长寿，甚至有可能解释地球形成之初生命的起源。这是一个多大的课题。”

    He said：“How miraculous creator！In the 7000 meters to the bottom of the sea，Every square metre will inherit the equivalent of a weight of the Eiffel Tower，however，These creatures is how to survive，If research thoroughly，Whether it can be useful human longevity，There might even explain the form at the beginning of the origin of life。This is a much subject。”

    此次“蛟龙”号在7000米海底按预定计划完成了坐底、拍摄海底景象、获取水样、沉积物、矿物样品、捕捉海底生物、布放标志物等全部试验内容，取得了珍贵的数据和资料。

    the“dragon”In the 7000 meters, the scheduled to complete the sat、Filming the scene、Get water、sediments、Mineral samples、Capture the Marine life、Cloth biomarkers all experiment content，Achieved precious data and material。

    “越探索越能发现海洋的神奇和价值。”方书甲说，开发利用海洋资源是我国的必然选择。“蛟龙”深潜7000米获得成功，为我们认识海洋开辟了新途径，为开发保护海洋提供了新支撑，为利用海洋聚集了新人气，为保卫海洋增添了软实力。

    “The more the exploration of the sea can find magic and value。”Recipe books a say，Develop and utilize Marine resources is our inevitable choice。“dragon”In 7000 m for success，For we know the ocean open up new ways，To develop and protect the sea offers new support，For use Marine gathered the new popularity，To protect the Marine added a soft strength。

    

    “蛟龙”号应用记 “dragon”Application no. Remember

    “虽然7000米级海试获得成功，但‘蛟龙’号的路还很长。”徐芑南说，“蛟龙”号是实实在在的科考作业平台，这次出征海试不是终点站，下一步将转向业务化运行，进入应用阶段，发挥科学效益。

    “Although 7000 meters sea level try for success，but‘dragon’Th is still a long way to go。”Xu pumps dioxins south said，“dragon”Number is real kayak work platform，The team at the sea try not a destination，The next step will be to operation，Into the application stage，Play scientific benefit。

    据透露，目前我国正在加快构建深海基地，两年后将完成包括深潜器和母船停靠码头在内的一期工程建设，我国将成为继俄罗斯、美国、法国和日本之后世界上第五个拥有深海技术支撑基地的国家。届时，“向阳红09”号试验母船和“蛟龙”号载人潜水器将在深海基地“安家落户”。

    It's said，At present our country is accelerate the establishment of a deep sea base，Two years later will finish including the deep and mother ships dock, the first period engineering construction，Our country will become the Russia、The United States、France and Japan in the world after the fifth have deep sea technical support to the base of the country。when，“Xiangyang red 09”Th test and mother ship“dragon”Manned submersibles will be in deep sea base“Settle down”。

    徐芑南表示，海试完成后，未来3至5年将开展“蛟龙”号试验性应用。在总结“蛟龙”已有经验的基础上，团队还将开展常用工作深度专用深潜器关键技术攻关工作。

    Xu pumps dioxins south said，Try the sea after the completion of the，The next 3 to 5 years will develop“dragon”Trial applications,。At the conclusion of the“dragon”Based on the existing experience，The team will also carry out special deep depth is commonly used work key technology research work。

    “我们还有大量的工作要做。一方面要尽快满足国内科技界对‘蛟龙’的急切需求，取得一批高水平研究成果；另一方面逐步培养出一支专业化和职业化的‘蛟龙’号应用队伍，充分开发、利用好海洋资源。” 徐芑南说。

    “We have lots of work to do。On one hand we should meet to domestic scientific as soon as possible‘dragon’Urgent demand，Achieve a series of high level research achievements；On the other hand gradually develop a professional and professional‘dragon’Th application team，Full development、Make good use of Marine resources。” Xu pumps dioxins south said。

    而在更远的将来，“蛟龙”号母船将有望由海面转到海下，在海里和“蛟龙”号进行一次“交会对接”。“海面毕竟还要受到风浪影响，未来要在海里为‘蛟龙’号构建海底行宫——通过深海空间站实现物品储存供给和潜航员长期驻留。”方书甲说。

    And farther in the future，“dragon”Mother ship, is expected to turn to the sea from the sea，In the sea and“dragon”, a“Rendezvous and docking”。“After all, but also by the sea waves influence，Future for in the sea‘dragon’The skies-through the building, deep sea space station realize supply and storage items silent hunter member stay for a long time。”Recipe books a say。

    到那时，普通人将有机会下潜一睹深海秘境。

    then，Ordinary people will have a chance to see the deep-sea diving shakotan coast。