科学发展 成就辉煌 The scientific development brilliant achievements

    一声汽笛，“蛟龙”号再赴征途。初夏季节，它搭乘“向阳红09”船驶离江阴，奔向三千公里外的马里亚纳，那是地球上最深的海。

    A loud whistle，“dragon”Numbers again to the journey。Early summer season，It take“Xiangyang red 09”The boat leaving jiangyin，Ran to three thousand miles (kilometers) of the mariana，That is the deepest sea。

    “去年‘蛟龙’号成功完成5000米级海试，时隔10个月，我们在这里欢送96名海试队员奔赴马里亚纳海沟海试区域。”科技部副部长王伟中在欢送仪式上说，“我国具备挑战载人深潜7000米级的技能，这是各方紧紧地通过协同创新而取得的重大成果。”

    “Last year‘dragon’Successful completion of 5000 meters, try the sea level，After 10 months，Here we saw 96 sea try mariana trench players to try the sea area。”Deputy minister of science and technology in the WangWeiZhong farewell ceremony said，“Our country has 7000 meters deep manned challenge level of skills，This is the parties through collaborative innovation tightly and make great achievement。”

    蛟龙团队肩负着全国的期待，却无法断言海试会一帆风顺。此番挑战，并非轻松的例行任务，而是充满艰险的拓荒。

    Dragon of the national team has the expectation，But can't say the sea will try plain sailing。The "challenge，Not easy routine tasks，But full of dangerous part of the frontier。

    5000米级的一次下潜，让潜航员付文韬记忆犹新：返回到水面时突降暴雨，阵风达到8级，能见度很低。“近半个钟头，母船始终找不到我们的踪影。”付文韬说，当时有可能在海面飘荡整晚，这是非常危险的。幸运的是，船上的高清摄像机最终找到了“蛟龙”号。

    5000 meters a level to descend，Let FuWenTao silent hunter member in the mind：Return to the surface sudden drop rain，Wind gust LVL 8，Visibility is very low。“Nearly half an hour，A mother ship always can't find our sight。”FuWenTao said，At that time in the sea may wanders all night，This is very dangerous。fortunately，The ship's hd cameras found“dragon”number。

    海试不可能排除不测因素。7000米级海试也是一波三折。

    The sea try not be possible to eliminate accidents factors。7000 m sea level to try and smooth。

    

    沧海横流显英雄 Cross the sea and the explicit hero

    刚出长江口，“向阳红09”船就得知继续前行会碰上台风“玛娃”，只好抛锚等待。到达预定海域后，受西太平洋热带风暴“古超”影响，第一次下潜试验推迟了。

    Just out of the Yangtze estuary，“Xiangyang red 09”The ship will see continued to meet with the typhoon“Eva and”，Had to wait for broke down。Arrived at the scheduled after the waters，By west Pacific tropical storm“The ancient super”influence，The first dives postponed the test。

    一直到6月15日，“蛟龙”号才正式吹响7000米级海试开始的号角。这是“蛟龙”号的第46次下潜。46是按照国际惯例，从潜水器第一次下海开始的连续编号。

    Until June 15,，“dragon”Th 7000 meters was officially blew the sea level to try horn。This is“dragon”Number of 46 times to descend。46 is in accordance with international practice，From the first time submersibles sea began to consecutive Numbers。

    入水后3个多小时，“蛟龙”号达到6671米的最大下潜深度——这已经刷新了世界纪录。监控屏幕前，海试现场总指挥刘峰满意地鼓掌。回到甲板上，三名试航员接受了例行的欢迎仪式——几桶海水从头浇到脚。

    Enters the water more than three hours，“dragon”Up to 6671 meter, the biggest depth-this has been diving set a world record。Monitor screen，The commander in chief LiuFeng satisfied with the test to applaud。Back to the deck，Three test flight member accepted routine welcome ceremony-a few barrels from head to foot sea water。

    然而，这次海试也暴露了问题：潜水器数字通信在深海中断；主液压源预报警；两只推进器运行不正常；可调压载系统不启动。技术人员一一解决了这些问题。

    however，The sea try it has also exposed a problem：Submersibles digital communication in the deep sea interrupt；The hydraulic fountain forecast p；Two propeller is not functioning properly；But pressure regulating load system don't start。Technical personnel 11 to solve these problems。

    不料，第二次下潜前，潜水器液压系统的管道又出现故障。排查后，工作人员发现了问题：一根管子由于锈蚀而破裂。为了彻底杜绝隐患，工作人员换掉了“蛟龙”号上16根同样的管子，海试不得不再次延迟。

    And behold，The second before diving，Submersibles hydraulic system failure and the pipeline。After testing，Staff discovered a problem：A pipe due to corrosion and rupture。In order to completely eliminate hidden dangers，Staff replace“dragon”No. 16 root the same pipe，The sea try once again have to delay。

    第二次下潜6月19日才开始，这次顺利下潜到6965米。新的问题又出现了：可调压载系统无法正常实现排水功能，这不影响安全，但会让上浮变慢。大家为此加班到半夜，排除故障。

    The second to descend on June 19, began，The well to descend to 6965 m。The new problem appeared again：But in normal pressure regulating system can't achieve drainage function，This does not affect the safety，But will let rise slowly。All this work overtime to midnight，Out fault。

    第三次下潜，最大深度6963米。继续排查故障。

    The third dives，Maximum depth of 6963 meters。To continue testing fault。

    在这几次下潜试验中，逼近7000米的“蛟龙”号并不急于撞线。他们按照计划，逐一验证功能，力争在各项考核上都拿到高分。

    In these few dives in the test，Approaching the 7000 metres“dragon”Th is in no rush to bump line。They planned to，One by one to verify function，Strive to be on all the assessment high scores。

    “反复试验是为了把问题逼出来，不让它潜伏。”海试临时党委书记刘心成说，“这种严谨求实的作风是载人深潜精神的‘魂’。”

    “Repeated test is in order to put the question to force out，Don't let it latent。”The temporary party secretary liu try this heart，“This rigorous style is manned scuba diving spirit‘soul’。”

    在今年的下潜期间，潜水器拆装维修的程度，超过了以往任何一次海试，就是为了对可能出现的故障进行充分试验。

    In this year's descend period，Submersibles disassembling maintenance level，More than any previous a sea try，Is possible in order to fully test the fault。

    “整个海试都是在发现问题、解决问题中度过的，我们不怕出现问题、故障，海试就是为了解决设计中存在的问题的。”“蛟龙”号副总设计师胡震说，如今与1000米级海试相比，“故障解决时间大大缩短，解决能力大大增强，这是试验积累的经验。”

    “The sea is found problems in trying、To solve the problem of spent，We are not afraid of problems、fault，The sea is trying to solve the problems existing in the design。”“dragon”Deputy chief designer, HuZhen said，Now with 1000 m sea level compared to try，“Failure to solve such a short time，Solve ability greatly enhanced，This is the test of experience。”

    几年来，海试队员就是这样稳扎稳打，一步步向深海进发。

    For several years，The sea is so slow and steady try players，Step by step to deep sea again。

    6月24日，“蛟龙”号的第49次下潜开始了，风力大于6级，早晨5点，在滂沱大雨中，身着红白戎装的潜水器，在A字架吊车的牵引下，缓缓离开母船的怀抱，接着扑向大海。很快，潜水器以每分钟41米的速度，向深海进发。

    June 24,，“dragon”The no. 49 dives began，Wind power greater than 6 levels of，Five o 'clock in the morning，In the pouring rain，Dressed in a red and white to understand the scuba machine，In A word A crane traction，Slowly away from the embrace of the mother ship，Then ran to the sea。soon，Submersibles 41 meters per minute of speed，Marching to the deep sea。

    1109米，3759米，5188米，这些曾经带给海试队巨大困难和荣誉的熟悉深度，今天被“蛟龙”号甩在了身后。

    1109 m，3759 m，5188 m，These had brought the sea try team of great difficulty and honor of the familiar with depth，Today is“dragon”Th jilt behind。

    当下潜深度突破7000米时，刘峰、刘心成不约而同地起身带头鼓掌，刘峰眼中闪烁着泪花。

    When diving depth is 7000 meters breakthrough，LiuFeng、LiuXinCheng built up and lead the applause，LiuFeng eyes shining with tears。

    “祝福景海鹏、刘旺、刘洋三位航天员与天宫一号对接顺利！祝福我国载人航天、载人深潜事业取得辉煌成就！”9点25分，通过水声通信系统，在马里亚纳海沟的7020米深度，叶聪代表同行的杨波、刘开周两名试航员，清晰地向外层空间送出来自海洋深处的声音。

    “Blessing JingHaiPeng、LiuWang、Liu Yang gave three astronauts and a smooth, chaotian docking！Bless the manned space flight、Manned scuba diving career a glorious achievements！”9 PM，Through the underwater acoustic communication system，In the marianas trench depth of 7020 meters，YeCong represents the environmental control counterparts、LiuKaiZhou part two test flight，Clearly to outer space send out from the ocean depths of voice。

    “等到了多少年，我们终于等到了这一天。”试航员叶聪在6月24日的日记里这样写道。

    “Wait to how many years，We finally came to this day。”YeCong sea trials in part on June 24, diary wrote。

    

    进入“深潜俱乐部” into“Scuba diving club”

    “十年前，我们和世界说，要到7000米深度去。这是我们主动提出的，没人逼我们干。”海试团队里一位资深专家说，“但从那时起，7000米就成了一条无形的线，一天不到，这条线对我们来说就是无形的压力。”

    “Ten years ago，We and the world said，Want to 7000 meters deep。This is we offered，Nobody forced us to do。”The team tried a senior experts said，“But since then，7000 meters to become a invisible line，Less than a day，The line for us is invisible pressure。”

    “蛟龙”号撞线7000米后，又下潜两次，达到了7062米的最大深度。整个海试过程中，潜水器的两百多项功能和性能指标得到了逐一验证。这标志着“蛟龙”号顺利结束了试验阶段。

    “dragon”Th 7000 metres into the line，And descend two，To achieve the maximum depth of 7062 meters。The whole process of the test，More than two hundred of the scuba machine function and performance indexes have been one by one to test and verify。This marked the“dragon”A successful end, the test phase。

    从下潜几十米到6000米，美、法、日、俄四国差不多花了50年。这50年间，中国完全缺席。而“蛟龙”号则用10年时间，赶超了世界强国。

    Descend from dozens of meters to 6000 m，beauty、method、th、The four Russian took nearly 50 years。The 50 years，China's complete absence。and“dragon”In 10 years, is time，Catch up with the world power。

    美国《华尔街日报》的一篇报道，将“蛟龙”号深潜称为中国在高风险科技领域与美国竞争的标志性事件。

    The United States《The Wall Street journal》A report，will“dragon”In China, called in high-risk areas of science and technology and the competition of the symbol of events。

    这篇报道指出：伴随着深海矿藏越来越有利可图，美在该领域也可能被中国超越。

    The report said：With more and more profitable to deep sea mineral deposits，The United States is in the field may be beyond China。

    随着“蛟龙”号证明其深海工作的实力，科学资源宝库向中国人打开了大门。

    as“dragon”The work of the deep sea, proof strength，Scientific resources to the Chinese treasure house opened the gate。

    首先，海底大量的多金属矿产，比如锰结核的开发，离不开深潜技术的帮助。其次，深潜技术还能大幅降低油气勘探成本。“在‘蛟龙’项目论证阶段，中海油就很支持，因为他们感到深潜的技术缺乏。” 中国船舶重工集团公司原总工程师方书甲说。

    first，The large amounts of many metal mineral，Such as the development of manganese nodules，Without deep technology help。second，Deep technology can dramatically reduce the cost of oil and gas exploration。“in‘dragon’Project appraisal stage，Cnooc is support，Because they feel deep lack of technology。” China shipbuilding group company originally chief engineer recipe books a say。

    不仅如此，海底电缆维修等工程任务，也是需要深海潜水器发挥的领域。

    Not only that，The submarine cables maintenance engineering tasks，Also is needs to deep sea submersibles play in the field。

    方书甲告诉记者：“蛟龙”号可以在海底布放地震探测装置，通过浮标和卫星传递给科学家，通过装置研究海啸等现象，这是拖船等设备做不到的。另外，海底生物、海底热流和可燃冰也只能通过深潜去研究。

    Recipe books armour told reporters：“dragon”In the bottom of the sea cloth earthquake, can detection devices，Through the buoy and satellite relay for scientists，Through the device research the phenomenon such as the tsunami，This is the tug equipment can't do。In addition，Undersea creatures、The heat flux and flammable ice also can through the deep to study。

    这样的场景不遥远：科学家搭乘“蛟龙”号，在海山、洋脊、盆地和热液喷口等复杂海底地形进行机动、悬停、正确就位和定点坐坡，有效进行地质、化学、环境和生物科学考察。

    Such a scene not far away：Scientists take“dragon”number，In the mountain、The ridge、Basin and hydrothermal vents such complex the topography for maneuver、hovering、Correct in place and designated sit slope，Effective geological、chemical、Environmental and biological scientific survey。

    实际上，据刘峰介绍，明年4月到5月，“蛟龙”号很可能开赴南海，将水深4000多米的南海盆地底部进行勘测。

    In fact，According to LiuFeng introduced，Next April to may，“dragon”Th is likely to the south China sea，The water depth of over 4000 meters, the south China sea basin map at the bottom。

    深海是研究地球科学和生命起源的突破口，无法获取深海第一手信息是研究的瓶颈。与其他深潜设备相比，“蛟龙”号最适合“解剖麻雀”，明年有望带1到2名科学家下到海底，观察、甄别取样。

    The deep sea is the earth science research and the breach of the origin of life，Unable to get deep sea first-hand information is the study of bottleneck。Compared with other scuba diving equipment，“dragon”, the most suitable for“Anatomy the sparrow”，Next year is expected to take 1 to 2 a scientist went down to the depths，observation、Identify sampling。

    南海试验完后，“蛟龙”号可能在明年晚些时候在西南印度洋热液硫化物区开展作业，也可能奔赴东太平洋开展多金属结核区详查，为日后的开采圈划采矿小区，然后去东太平洋热液硫化物矿区下潜。一年总作业时间约为150天。

    South China sea after the test，“dragon”Number may be in late next year in southwest Indian Ocean hydrothermal sulfide area for homework，May the eastern Pacific to carry out nodules area scrutinized，For in the future mining circle mining community stroke，Then go to the eastern Pacific hydrothermal sulfide mining area to descend。In a total operation time at about 150 days。

    “有了‘蛟龙’号，我们算是跨入了世界载人深潜高技术俱乐部。” “蛟龙”号副总设计师崔维成说。

    “a‘dragon’number，We have crossed into the world of high technology club manned scuba diving。” “dragon”Deputy chief designer, sanguo yanyi rees-jones。

    

    带动深海科技热 Drive the deep sea science and technology hot

    “通过‘蛟龙’号，我们真正掌握了大深度载人潜水器的设计和集成技术。”崔维成说，在“蛟龙”号的带动下，相关技术的水平得到了大幅提高，这是用钱买不来的。

    “Through the‘dragon’number，We really have the deep manned submersibles design and integration technology。”Sanguo yanyi rees-jones，in“dragon”, driven by the，Related technology standards have been vastly improved，It is money can't buy。

    从“九五”起，我国开始设立海洋技术领域，但很少涉及大装备技术。一个五年计划只支持某一种深海装备研发。

    from“ninth”up，China began to set up a Marine technology field，But rarely on big equipment technology。A five-year plan only support a certain kind of deep sea equipment research and development。

    但如今，深海潜水器技术与装备已列入国家863计划“十二五”重大项目，已经支持了包括ROV（遥控潜水器）、AUV（自主潜水器）、深海钻机、水下滑翔机等大型深海装备研发，从点到线，未来还将实现谱系化。

    But now，Deep submersibles technology and equipment already listed in the national 863 plan“1025”Major projects，Has supported the ROV including（Remote control submersibles）、AUV（Autonomous subs）、Deep sea drilling、Underwater glider and other large deep-sea equipment research and development，Point to the line from，The future will also realize the pedigree。

    中科院沈阳自动化所研究员张艾群评价说：“没有‘蛟龙’号的影响和显示度，国家在这方面投入不可能大幅度增长。”

    Shenyang automation of the Chinese academy of sciences ZhangYi group of evaluation said：“no‘dragon’The influence of the number and XianShiDu，In countries in this area could not increase substantially。”

    崔维成介绍说，2010年开始，中国在总结“蛟龙”号已有经验的基础上，吸收国外先进设计理念，展开4500米载人潜水器的研制。其载人球舱、高压海水泵、锂电池和推进器都在研制当中。4500米载人潜水器更加考虑经济性，成本预计比“蛟龙”号要低40%左右。

    CuiWeiCheng introduced said，Started in 2010，China at the conclusion of the“dragon”Th experience basis，Absorbing foreign advanced design concept，4500 meters on manned submersibles development。Its manned ball cabin、High-pressure sea water pump、Lithium battery and thrusters are developed in the midst。4500 m manned submersibles more consider economy，Is expected to cost more than“dragon”Th low 40%。

    除此以外，今年5月底，正在研制的中国深海空间工作站系统也首次向公众展示。这种深海空间站形状像一艘小潜艇，可以让12人的团队在1500米以下的深海待上至少十几天。

    In addition，This year the end of may，The Chinese are developing deep space workstation system to the public for the first time reveal。The deep sea space station shape like a ship with small submarines，Can let 12 people in 1500 meters below the team of deep sea for at least 10 days。

    中船重工702所副所长颜开表示，与“蛟龙”号相比，深海空间站的身躯可能重达几百吨至几千吨。 “与用水面船控制潜水器进行水下作业相比，利用深海空间站进行水下作业，可避免海面上狂风恶浪的影响。”

    The Chinese heavy industry 702 vice director yan open said，and“dragon”Compared to the number，Deep sea space station body may weigh hundreds to thousands of tons tons。 “And with the surface ship control for the underwater submersibles compared with homework，Using deep-sea space station underwater operations，Can avoid the influence of the wind and the sea throws。”

    研制这么一个大家伙，得突破大潜深结构设计、特种材料及建造工艺、水下设施承压密封等关键技术。而“蛟龙”号的经验将为此提供借鉴。

    So a big guy developed，Have to break through the big dive deep structure design、Special materials and construction process、Pressure seal underwater facilities such as key technology。and“dragon”The experience gained will be of no. For this for reference。

    为“蛟龙”号提供保障的深海基地也在建设当中。据悉，位于青岛的基地有望年内开工。一期工程计划用两年时间建成，初步满足业务化运行要求，届时，试验母船和“蛟龙”号将在深海基地“安家落户”。我国将成为继俄罗斯、美国、法国和日本之后世界上第五个拥有深海技术支撑基地的国家。

    for“dragon”To provide security, the deep sea base is also being constructed。It is reported，Located in Qingdao base is expected to start years。A phase of the project plan to use two years to build，Preliminary meet the operation requirements，when，Test mother ships and“dragon”In the deep sea, will base“Settle down”。Our country will become the Russia、The United States、France and Japan in the world after the fifth have deep sea technical support to the base of the country。

    不仅如此，建造专业化工作母船的可能性正在讨论；我国还计划从明年起招收8—10位潜航员。各项工作正有条不紊地推进。（记者 高博 陈瑜 刘晓莹）

    Not only that，Build specialization of work the possibility of mother ships are discussed；Our country also plans starting from the next year for 8-10 silent hunter member。Each work is in an orderly way to advance。（Reporter GaoBo LiuXiaoYing found）