新华社北京７月３１日电（记者 赵超、朱国亮）当前，我国正处于“七下八上”防汛关键期。连日来，首都北京降下６１年来最大暴雨，重庆长江干流遭遇３１年以来最大一次过境洪峰，广东广西遭遇台风“韦森特”袭击……

    Beijing, July 31 dec（Reporter ZhaoChao、ZhuGuoLiang）The current，Our country is in the“Seven on eight”Flood control and the critical period。In recent days，Beijing, the capital of 61 years down the storm，Chongqing yrb since 31 years in the largest single transit flood peak，Guangdong and guangxi in the typhoon“WeiSen,”Attacks......

    面对频发的自然灾害，各地各部门纷纷启动应急预案：国家减灾委、民政部针对近期几次灾害紧急启动国家救灾应急响应，派出工作组赶赴灾区；广西水利、气象、消防、海事等部门实现联动，共同保卫家园；北京市气象部门在降雨再次来临时发出１０００多万条手机预警短信。不断建设完善的应急体系有效地促进了抢险救灾工作的开展，最大限度地减少了人民群众生命财产损失。

    Facing frequent natural disasters，All localities and departments have launched the emergency response plan：National disaster mitigation committee、The ministry of several times in recent disaster emergency relief start country emergency response，Send a work team to the disaster area；Guangxi water conservancy、meteorological、fire、Maritime departments realize linkage，Common to defend their homes；The Beijing meteorological department in the rain comes again sent 1000 text messages warning over ten thousand mobile phone article。Keep building complete emergency system effectively promote the emergency rescue and disaster relief work development，Minimize the loss of the lives and property of the people。

    中国是世界上自然灾害最为严重的国家之一，中华民族在与各种灾害与危机的较量中，饱经苦难，砥砺前行。

    China is the world's most serious natural disasters in the world，The Chinese nation and all kinds of disaster and crisis in the fight，martyred，Forward under。

 

    抗击非典，成为推动应急体系完善的契机，中国的应急体系逐步走向科学与成熟——    Fighting against SARS，Become push emergency system perfect opportunity，China's emergency system step by step to science and mature--

    面对２００３年春天那场突如其来的非典疫情，由于在初发阶段应急准备不充分，信息渠道不畅通，暴露出了我国在处置重大突发公共事件方面机制的缺陷。

    Facing the spring of 2003 that the sudden the SARS epidemic，Because in its primary stage emergency prepare adequately，Information channel is not free of traffic，Exposed in the disposal in major public emergencies of the defects of the mechanism。

    党和政府采取果断措施，紧急出台《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》，带领全国人民沉着冷静，科学应对，最终取得防治非典工作的重大胜利。

    The party and the government take drastic measures，Emergency issued《Emergent public health event emergency ordinance》，Lead the Chinese people's calm，Science should，They get SARS prevention and control work important victory。

    ２００３年１０月，党的十六届三中全会提出，提高公共卫生服务水平和突发性公共卫生事件应急能力；２００５年４月，国务院印发《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》；２００６年６月，《国务院关于全面加强应急管理工作的意见》发布；２００７年１１月，突发事件应对法正式实施；２００９年５月，修订后的防震减灾法开始实施；到２０１１年５月，我国共制定国家级应急预案１４４件。

    October 2003，At the third plenary session of the proposed，Improve the level of public health service and sudden public health emergency capability；April 2005，The state council issued the《National public emergencies overall emergency plan》；June 2006，《The state council on strengthening the emergency management advice》release；November 2007，Response to emergencies (officially implemented；May 2009，The revised protecting against and mitigating earthquake disasters begin；2011 to may，Our country of national emergency plan for 144。

    国家行政学院原常务副院长魏礼群指出，“经过多年的努力，具有中国特色的应急管理体系初步形成，并在应对近年来发生的各种重特大突发事件中发挥了重要作用，取得了显著成效，也积累了许多宝贵经验。”

    The state administrative institute standing vice President WeiLiQun said，“After years of hard work，Has the Chinese characteristic of emergency management system in initial shape，And in recent years in dealing with various kinds of great events happened played an important role，Has made remarkable achievement，Has accumulated a lot of valuable experience。”

  

    应急体系的完善，说到底是顶层设计的完善。应急管理体系的初步形成，让党和政府在应对灾害与危机时更加从容，更显自信——   Emergency system consummation，In the final analysis is the perfection of the top design。Emergency management system of the preliminary form，Let the party and the government in dealing with disaster and crisis more easy，More show confidence--

    ２００８年伊始，面对一场罕见的雨雪冰冻灾害，党中央、国务院高度重视，各地各行业纷纷启动应急预案，干部群众全力以赴投入到救灾之中，灾区群众发扬自力更生、艰苦奋斗的精神，恢复经济，重建家园，最终战胜了灾害。

    Since 2008，Facing a rare recent freezing rain and snow disaster，The party central committee、The state council high attention，In all industries launched the emergency response plan，All of the cadres and the masses into the disaster relief，In the quake-hit areas to develop self-reliance、The arduous struggle the spirit，Economic recovery，Rebuild their homes，Defeat the disasters。

    同一年的５月１２日，是一个让所有中国人永远都不会忘记的日子，四川汶川发生特大地震。

    The same year on May 12，Is a let all Chinese people will never forget the days，4 chuan wenchuan earthquake happened。

    这场巨灾面前，中国的应急机制接受了考验，也让人们看到了中国应急体系发挥作用的全过程：地震、民政等部门在地震发生时立即启动应急响应；中央领导在地震发生后两小时赶赴灾区指导抗震救灾；各级党委、政府和军队紧急行动起来；全国各地的救援队伍、救灾物资以最快速度不断抵达灾区。

    Before the catastrophe，China's emergency mechanism to accept the test，Also let people see China emergency system play a role in the future：The earthquake、Civil affairs departments when the earthquake happened in immediately start emergency response；The central leadership after the earthquake two hours to the disaster areas to guide the earthquake；Party committees at all levels、The government and the army emergency action；Rescue teams from all over the country、Relief supplies to the fastest speed continuously arrived in the disaster area。

    这是我国历史上救援速度最快、动员范围最广、投入力量最大的抗震救灾活动，中国人民夺取了抗震救灾斗争的重大胜利。

    This is the fastest in the history of the rescue、Mobilization and most extensive、The largest earthquake relief efforts activities，The Chinese people took great victory of earthquake relief struggle。

    ２０１０年，我国又取得了青海玉树地震、甘肃舟曲特大山洪泥石流两次重大灾害抢险救灾的重大胜利，中国特色应急管理体系的优势进一步凸显。

    2010 years，Our country has made qinghai's yushu and earthquake、Gansu boat song big flash flood debris flow two major disasters emergency rescue and disaster relief of important victory，Emergency management system with Chinese characteristics of advantage to play。

    “中国特色的体现，就是初步形成了以中央政府坚强领导、有关部门和地方各级政府各负其责、社会组织和人民群众广泛参与的应急管理体制。”中国行政管理学会副会长高小平评价说。

    “The embodiment of Chinese characteristics，Is initially formed by the central government strong leadership、The relevant departments and local governments at all levels moved、Social organization and the broad participation of the masses emergency management system。”Chinese administration management society vice-chairman GaoXiaoPing evaluation said。

    

    自然灾害的发生不以人的意志为转移，应急体系的不断完善，必须防患于未然，不断提高防灾减灾能力，增加防灾减灾意识—— The occurrence of natural disasters to the will of the people not to transfer，The continuous improvement of the emergency system，Must to nip in the bud，Continuously improve disaster prevention and mitigation capacity，Increase the consciousness on disaster prevention and mitigation--

    作为发展中国家，面对自然灾害种类多、分布广、频率高的实际情况，我国的基础设施建设、预警预报能力、应急处置能力一直在接受严峻的考验。

    As a developing country，Facing more kinds of natural disasters、Wide distribution、The actual situation of high frequency，China's infrastructure construction、Warning forecasting ability、The emergency response ability has been accepted the acid test。

    为提高防灾减灾能力，近年来我国实施了大江大河治理工程、农村困难群众危房改造工程、水土流失重点防治工程等一系列重大减灾工程；建立自然灾害立体监测体系，灾害监测预警体系初步形成；应急救援、运输保障、生活救助、卫生防疫等应急处置能力正不断提升。

    In order to improve the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation，In recent years China implemented the big rivers and treatment project、Rural reconstruction project of those difficult people、Water and soil loss, a series of major priority control engineering and engineering；Establish natural disasters and three-dimensional monitoring system，Disaster monitoring and warning system in initial shape；Emergency rescue、Transportation security、Life assistance、Epidemic prevention and emergency response ability is the rise。

    前事不忘，后事之师。从２００９年起，每年的５月１２日被定为全国防灾减灾日。每年的这一天，全国各地都会举办防灾减灾宣传教育活动，推广普及避灾自救知识和技能。

    By not forget，Is a guide for the future。Since 2009，Every year on May 12, the disaster prevention and mitigation as the National Day。On this day each year，All over the country will conduct propaganda education of disaster prevention and reduction activities，Avoid disaster rescue popularizing knowledge and skills。

    中国人民大学教授郑功成说：“回顾中国应急体系的发展完善进程，一个重要的经验就是以人为本理念的实施。它让我们看到，虽然近几年的重大灾害不断发生，但是百姓的心不仅没有分散，反而进一步凝结，经济发展也没有止步，这是我们坚持科学发展、努力构建和谐社会所带来的必然结果。”

    Chinese people's university professor ZhengGongCheng said：“Review the development of China's emergency system perfect process，An important experience is people-oriented concept of implementation。It allows us to see，Although the major disaster has changed in recent years，But the heart of the people not only scattered，But further condense，The economy is not finished，This is we insist on scientific development、To construct the harmonious society brings the inevitable result。”