世界最大规模考试搭上科技快车——高考改革系列之三 The world's most large-scale test build on science and technology, the university entrance exam reform third series express

    新华社北京８月３日电（记者吴晶、张莺）全国近３０００个试卷保密室全部达标，国家教育考试三级考务指挥平台全面建成，９４％的考场实现标准化……近年来，高考改革搭上科技快车，充分体现着公平公正、以人为本的价值理念。

    Beijing, aug. 3（Reporter WuJing、ZhangYing）The nearly 3000 papers confidential room all the standards，National education examination level 3 test affairs command platform completion，94% of the examination room realizes standardization......In recent years，The university entrance exam reform on a technology express，Fully embodies the fair justice、It is with the person this value concept。

    这些变化在十几年前还只是假想。作为世界最大规模的考试，千万人在全国范围同一时间参与考试，对高考管理理念和技术手段的现代化提出很高要求。

    These changes in the ten years ago was just imagine。As the world's largest exam，Ten million people in the national scope the same time involved in the exam，To the university entrance exam management idea and technical means of the modernization of the high requirements put forward。

    １９９９年，经济并不发达的广西在全国率先实施网上评卷，被教育考试界视为创举。

    1999 years，The economy is not developed in guangxi in the national implementation of the numbered online，Be education examination world as creation。

    当时，刘振林是柳州市柳城中学教务处主任、英语特级教师，担任英语评卷组组长。网上评卷的效率令他震撼——按照以往纯人工评卷，广西９万多张英语试卷需要１４０多人９天完成，使用计算机后，９８人在６天就全部完成。

    At that time，LiuZhenLin is liucheng middle school academic director、Top-tier English teacher，As English group quandary。The efficiency of the quandary online, to his shock--according to the past pure artificial quandary，Guangxi single sentence scribbled over more than 90000 papers need to more than 140 9 days to finish，After using the computer，98 people in six days is complete。

    对比新旧两种评卷方式，很多多年参与评卷的教师说，过去，由于纸质试卷的保管受限，往往要在露天评卷，光是搬运提取试卷以及汇总核分就耗费大量的人工和时间。更大的问题是，纸质阅卷设定的卷面判注并签字的规则，根本无法解决前后两位评卷员相互影响的问题。

    The old and new contrast two way quandary，Many years in the teacher said quandary，In the past，Due to the limited test paper，In the open air tend to be numbered，Light is handling extraction and collect nuclear test paper point artificial and spend a lot of time。The bigger question is，Read the paper set the question paper sentenced to note and the signature of the rules，Can't solve both before and after marking takes part of influence each other。

    北京师范大学教授、中国教育学会统计测量分会教授冯伯麟说：“网上评卷是一场全新的变革，解决了多年来困惑我国考试界的问题，那就是如何更好地提高评分准确度，避免主观因素过重干扰，防止出现错评、漏评和记分错误。”

    Professor of Beijing normal university、China's education learn to statistical measurement branch FengBoLin professor said：“Online quandary is a new change，Solve for many years in our country in the world of exam puzzled，That is how better to improve the accuracy of score，Avoid subjective factors overweight interference，Prevent the wrong、The leakage and scoring error。”

    根据北京师范大学等高校的研究，上世纪８０年代，同一份作文拿到不同评卷点，以满分６０分计，评分结果极端可能相差２０分。

    According to the Beijing normal university and college of research，The 1980 s，One get different composition numbered points，60 points to a full mark in millions，Was the result of extreme may differ 20 points。

    针对这一现象，网上评卷设定规则：一份答题将随机分发给两名评卷员，由电脑根据他们的评判结果取平均值。如果两人分数超过评卷小组预先设定的差值允许范围，这份作文还要再发给第三名评卷员。如果仍有争议，还将层层上报至小组长、学科组、专家组及仲裁组，最终集体讨论决定评分结果。

    Aiming at this phenomenon，Online marking takes set rules：A the answer will random distribution to give two marking takes part，By computer according to their evaluation results take average。If two people scores more than numbered the difference in value setting in advance team allowed scope，This thesis will issue the third part quandary。If is still in dispute，Will also layer upon layer raised to group leader、Discipline group、Expert group and the group，Eventually was the result of a collective decision through discussion。

    而今，全国３１个省区市已全部实行网上评卷。

    now，The 31 provinces in a quandary has all online。

    “由于采取双评甚至多评模式，网上评卷提供了更加多元的评卷角度，考生在作答中有任何创新或亮点都不会被轻易忽略，这也使考试可以更加真实地反映考生真实能力。”冯伯麟说。

    “By adopting double review even more evaluation model，Online marking takes provides the more diverse marking takes Angle，The examinee the answer is in any innovation or window will not be easily ignored，This also makes more truly reflect the examinee true abilities。”FengBoLin said。

    不仅是评卷环节，高考依托互联网技术不断发生着深刻变革：２００３年，远程网上录取全面实现，在此基础上又逐步实施网上评卷、网上报名、网上填报志愿等，２６个省份进一步实行平行志愿投档录取模式改革，方便了考生，减少了填报志愿风险，提高了效率和社会满意度，而且使招生工作更加规范、公平，实现了高校招生方式的重大变革。

    Not only is marking takes links，The university entrance exam rely on Internet technology constantly profound change：2003 years，The remote network matriculation full realization，Based on this and gradually implement online quandary、Online application、Provided online volunteer, etc，26 provinces further implementation of parallel volunteer what calm mark delivers file first admit mode reform，Convenient candidates，Reduce the volunteer risk provided，Improve the efficiency and social satisfaction，And make the recruit students work more regulations、fair，The college recruit students realize the way of the revolution。

    很多教育主管部门和地方招办的工作人员都表示，实行网上录取后，分不够找谁都没用。

    Many education departments and local manages staff all said，The online after admission，Not enough points to find who all useless。

    技术变革极大增强了考试的安全防范能力，进一步促进了考试的科学化水平，也为下一步改革拓展了空间。

    Technological changes significantly enhance the exam security against ability，Further promote the scientific level of the exam，Also extended a space for further reform。

    近年来，如何在高考外语口语中引入网上测试，避免由于主考教师口语水平、主观判断等因素对口语考试的评分干扰，成为新课题。由于口语考试组织实施较复杂，一直被国际考试界视为畏途。直到近几年，美国教育考试机构才推出了计算机口语测评系统。

    In recent years，How in the university entrance exam in oral English into online test，Avoid the teachers, the spoken English、Subjective judgment of factors of the spoken language test the point interference，Become new topic。Because the spoken language test organization to implement complex，Has been international test world as a dangerous road。Until recent years，The United States education examination institutions just released the computer and evaluation system of spoken English。

    ２００６年，教育部考试中心开发出计算机辅助口语考试系统，考生可以根据给定任务，借助耳机和话筒，在计算机上与特定人物进行交互问答，且相邻考生任务不同。考后，考官集中评阅考生录音资料。

    2006 years，Ministry of education test center developed computer aided the spoken language test system，The examinee may according to the given task，With the headset and microphone，On the computer and the specific characters on interactive questions and answers，And adjacent the examinee different tasks。exams，The examiner concentrated Outlines the examinee recording material。

    ２０１０年，云南省率先将该项考试引入高考，当地考试院负责同志说，新技术手段为高校录取新生提供了更多的参考资料，也对中学英语教学产生了良好的反馈作用。同样，已在浙江等地试点的一年多次英语听力考试也在努力攻克“一考定终身”的老大难问题。

    2010 years，Yunnan province will take the lead in introducing the test the university entrance exam，The examination yuan is responsible for local comrades said，The new technology for college entrance provided more reference material，Also to the middle school English teaching produced a good feedback effects。The same，Has set up a file in the zhejiang provinces of the pilot English listening test a year many times are also trying to conquer“As a lifelong”Long-standing problem。

    面向未来的考试将是什么样？人们尚不能勾勒它的具体廓形。根据教育部考试中心专家的描述：我们将拥有国家级题库，海量试题可随机抽取，每道考题都将带着“身份证”进入考场……

    The future of the test will be what kind of？People are not specific profile of the outline of it。According to ministry of education examination center experts description：We will have a national question bank，Mass questions can be random，Each examination questions will take“Id card”Into the examination room......

    不论如何变化，有一点可以肯定，技术的革新将使高考越来越科学，服务考生的理念将越来越重要。

    No matter how to change，One thing is certain，The innovation of technology will make the university entrance exam more and more scientific，The concept of service candidates will become more and more important。