在海南省博物馆二楼“大海的方向·华光礁一号沉船特展”如梦如幻的展厅里，市民和游客纷纷在一件件精美的瓷器前驻足，陶醉在我国海上丝绸之路的繁华景象里。“美丽的南海，是中国水上丝绸之路的重要区段，水下文物资源十分丰富，南海水下文物是海南最具特色的文物资源。”海南省文物局副调研员黎吉龙说。

    On the second floor of the museum in hainan province“The sea is the direction of the reef, a sunken ship · exhibition”Looks like a dream of the exhibition hall，Citizens and tourists in pieces of fine porcelain stop by，Intoxicated in China's maritime silk road in the flourishing picture。“Beautiful south China sea，China water is an important segment of the silk road，Underwater cultural relic resources are very rich，South China sea underwater cultural relics of hainan is the most unique cultural relic resources。”Vice DiaoYanYuan LiJiLong hainan cultural relics bureau said。

    黎吉龙介绍，从１９９６年至今，海南先后８次对南海水下文物进行考古调查与发掘，获得文物约两万件。截至目前，海南已在１６年间发现南海古代遗存和水下文化遗存共１２５处，其中西沙群岛水下文化遗存１０２处，沿海１１处，岛礁上陆地遗存１２处。考古人员所采集的文物标本主要为瓷器和陶器，时代涵盖五代、北宋、南宋、元、明、清、近现代。窑口主要有福建的德化窑、漳州窑、磁灶窑、闽清义窑、莆田庄边窑、连江浦口窑、安溪窑、华安东溪窑，浙江的龙泉窑，江西的景德镇窑，广东的潮州窑、奇石窑等。

    LiJiLong introduced，From 1996 to now，Hainan has eight south China sea underwater cultural relics of archaeological investigation and scouting on，Get around twenty thousand units of cultural relics。So far，Hainan has set up a file in the 16 years found that the south China sea and underwater cultural heritage ancient heritage in 125，The xisha islands of underwater cultural heritage in 102，Coastal 11 place，Edge remains in 12 land。The archeologists collected specimens for cultural relics of the main porcelain and ceramics，Time cover five generations、The northern song dynasty、the、yuan、Ming、clear、modern。Kiln mainly have the mouth of fujian dehua kiln、Zhangzhou kiln、CiZao kiln、Fujian qing righteousness kiln、Mammal farmstead edge kiln、LianJiang pu mouth kiln、Anxi kiln、HuaAn east seven kiln，The LongQuanYao zhejiang，The jiangxi province jingdezhen kiln，Guangdong chaozhou kiln、Strange ShiYao etc。

    特别是２００７年，在西沙华光礁一号沉船遗址出水了一万多件珍贵的南宋瓷器，这在海南水下考古事业上具有里程碑式的意义。考古发掘报告显示，华光礁一号沉船是一艘古代商船，从泉州港出发，船货均为南宋外销瓷，前往东南亚甚至更远的地方，在西沙群岛沉没。出水的５１１块船板中最长的一块长达１４．４米，宽度为０．３米以上。这艘沉睡了８００多年的古商船，以其船体庞大，做工精良向世人重现了中华古代航海之光，展示海上丝绸之路的繁华景象。

    Particularly in 2007，At xisha uh guano reef, a sunken battleship water more than ten thousand cases of precious southern China，This in hainan underwater archaeology career on the meaning of landmark。Archaeological excavations report shows，Uh guano reef, a sunken ship is a merchant boat，Starting from quanzhou port，The ship goods are the export porcelain，To southeast Asia and even beyond，In the xisha islands and sank。Out of the water of the longest presented.the 511 a piece of 14.4 meters，The width is 0.3 meters。The ship to sleep more than 800 years of ancient merchant ships，With its huge hull，Well made to the world of Chinese ancient recreate the light of sailing，Marine silk road show the flourishing picture。

    据介绍，唐宋以来，海上丝绸之路除了阿拉伯航线外，印度洋航线、波斯湾航线、非洲沿岸航线等无一例外都经过海南岛。西沙群岛是南海丝绸之路海道上最危险的水域，伴随着大量航海活动，中国古代有相当多的船舶及其物品沉没南海，形成了宝贵的水下文化遗产。这些沉没在海洋的遗物成为海上丝绸之路线状分布的一处处遗珍，是中国与周边国家、民族友好往来和文化交流的历史见证。

    According to introducing，Since the tang，Marine silk road in addition to the Arab routes，Indian Ocean routes、Persian gulf、The African coast routes, without exception after hainan island。The xisha islands are the south China sea silk road hydrographic the most dangerous waters，With a large maritime activities，China ancient times have quite a number of vessels and their goods sank the south China sea，Form the precious underwater cultural heritage。These sank in the ocean became the sea silk route relics of distribution of these collections:，Is China and neighboring countries、National friendly contacts and witness the history of cultural communication。

    黎吉龙介绍，为了进一步做好南海水下文化遗产的保护工作，我国将建设国家南海博物馆与国家水下文化遗产保护南海基地。目前这两个项目正在有序推进，将毗邻而建，国家南海博物馆初步选址在海南省陵水县黎安港片区，用地面积约４００亩，投资规模约１０亿元，南海基地用地面积约１００亩，投资规模约３亿元。另外，随着水下考古专业人员培训的加强、技术设备的不断更新，海南水下考古今后５年计划完成对西沙群岛２０米—６０米水深海域的水下文化遗产调查，对南沙群岛、中沙群岛海域的水下文化遗产也将展开调查。（记者　王晓樱、魏月蘅）　

    LiJiLong introduced，In order to further to the south China sea underwater cultural heritage protection work，Our country will the construction of national museum and the south China sea state underwater cultural heritage protection south China sea base。The two items are being pushed forward，Will be built in the，National museum of hainan province is located in the south China sea preliminary LingShuiXian LiAn port area，Land area of 400 square meters，Investment about 1 billion yuan，South China sea base occupies an area of about 100 mu，Investment about 300 million yuan。In addition，With underwater archaeology professional training strengthened、Technical equipment constantly updated，Hainan underwater archaeology in the next five years plan to complete the xisha islands 20 meters-60 meters underwater cultural heritage of sea water depth investigation，The nansha islands to、The zhongsha islands waters of the underwater cultural heritage will also investigate。（Reporter WangXiaoYing、WeiYueHeng）