在7月初召开的全国科技创新大会上，胡锦涛总书记、温家宝总理发表重要讲话，动员全党全社会贯彻落实党中央、国务院《关于深化科技体制改革 加快国家创新体系建设的意见》（以下简称《意见》），讲话体现了党和国家对科技工作的高度重视和殷切期望，表明了党和国家抓好科技改革发展的坚定决心和坚强信心。全国科技创新大会的召开，吹响了我国在新起点上深入贯彻落实国家中长期科技发展规划纲要、加快创新型国家建设和世界科技强国建设的号角，是我国科技改革发展史上新的里程碑。

    In early July at a national conference on scientific and technological innovation，General secretary hu jintao、Prime minister wen jiabao delivered an important speech，Mobilize the whole party central committee of the implementation of the whole society、The state council《On deepening the reform of scientific and technological system to speed up the construction of national innovation system opinion》（Hereinafter referred to as《opinion》），Speech embodies the party and the state science and technology work to attention and be on the tiptoe of expectation，Show that the party and the state pays special attention to the science and technology reform and development firm determination and strong confidence。The national science and technology innovation conference held，Is the starting point of our country in the new starting point fully implement the national medium and long-term science and technology development plan outline、To speed up the innovation-type national construction and the world science and technology power construction horn，Is our country science and technology reform a new milestone in the history。

    一、深刻认识新时期科技创新承担的重大历史使命 a、Deep understanding in the new period of innovation of science and technology take great historical mission

    党和国家历来高度重视科技工作。新中国成立之初，制定实施了十二年科技规划，取得了“两弹一星”等举世瞩目的成就。改革开放以来，党和国家着力推进科技改革发展，实施科教兴国、人才强国战略，把科技创新作为经济社会发展的重要推动力。党的十六大以来，国家把提高自主创新能力、建设创新型国家作为国家发展战略的核心和提高综合国力的关键，颁布实施国家中长期科技、教育、人才规划纲要，大幅增加科技投入，推动科技实现跨越发展。我国研发人员总量已居世界第一，国际科技论文总量世界第二，发明专利授权量世界第三。在许多领域我国正由“跟跑者”向“并行者”转变，有些领域正向“领跑者”转变。我国已成为世界上具有重要影响的科技大国，为实现创新驱动发展积累了宝贵经验、奠定了坚实基础。

    The party and the state has always attach great importance to science and technology work。At the beginning of the founding of the，The implementation of the twelve years of scientific and technological programming，made“LiangDan week”And remarkable achievements。Since the reform and opening up，The party and the national focus on promoting the reform and development of science and technology，Implementation to rejuvenate the nation、Talent strategy，The science and technology innovation as the important impetus of economic and social development。Since the 16th CPC national congress，The state of improving the ability of independent innovation、Building the innovative country as the national development strategy core and improve the comprehensive national strength the key，Promulgation and implementation of the national medium and long-term science and technology、education、Talent planning outline，Increase investment in science and technology，To promote science and technology to realize leaping development。Our country research personnel amount already ranked first in the world，International science and technology papers, the world's second total，Invention patent grant the world's third。Our country is in many fields by“With runners”to“And walkers”transformation，Some areas are“leader”transformation。China has become the world has important influence on science and technology power，To realize innovation drive development has accumulated valuable experience、Laid a solid foundation。

    胡锦涛总书记在全国科技创新大会上指出，必须把创新驱动发展作为面向未来的一项重大战略一以贯之、长期坚持，推动科技实力、经济实力、综合国力实现新的重大跨越。当前，科技创新在党和国家发展全局中的地位更加突出。实现国家发展的战略目标，最根本的是要靠科技的力量，最关键的是要大幅提高自主创新能力，科技创新承担了更加重要的历史使命。在经济建设中，科技创新成为推动经济发展的内生动力，成为转方式、调结构的关键力量，在培育和发展战略性新兴产业、提升和改造传统产业、发展现代服务业中发挥了关键作用。在社会发展中，科技创新成为提高民生福祉、实现可持续发展的根本途径。科技创新是保障国家粮食安全、提高医疗健康和食品安全水平、提升防病防疫能力、应对重大自然灾害的中坚力量。科技创新为提高社会管理的科学化水平、确保国家重大活动成功举办、支撑文化产业大发展大繁荣作出了重要贡献。在国家安全中，自主创新成为提升国防安全能力，实现国家重要战略目标的重要力量。可以说，科技创新的作用从来没有像今天这样突出，科技创新的使命从来没有像今天这样重要。

    General secretary hu jintao in the national science and technology innovation conference pointed out，Must take innovation drive development as the future an important strategy in the formation of a to the penetration、Insist for a long time，To promote scientific and technological strength、Economic strength、The comprehensive national strength to achieve the new major across。The current，Science and technology innovation in the party and state the status of the more prominent。To realize the national development strategic target，The most fundamental is to rely on the power of science and technology，The key is to increase the ability of independent innovation，Science and technology innovation for more important historical mission。In the economic construction，Science and technology innovation to promote economic development of endogenous power，Become turn way、Adjustable structure of the key forces，In cultivating and developing strategic emerging industry、Ascension and transform traditional industries、The development of modern service industry has played a key role。In the development of the society，Science and technology innovation to improve the people's livelihood as welfare、The radical approach of implementing sustainable development。Science and technology innovation is to ensure the national food security、To improve medical health and food safety level、Ascension preventing epidemic prevention ability、Deal with the backbone of the major natural disasters。Science and technology innovation to improve the scientific level of social management、Ensuring the country's major activities held successfully、Support culture industry greater development and prosperity has made important contributions。In the national security，The independent innovation ability promotion become national defense security，To realize the national important strategic goals of the important force。Can say，The role of science and technology innovation has never like this outstanding，Science and technology innovation mission never like today is so important。

    二、抓住新科技革命和产业变革的重大战略机遇 two、Seize the new science and technology revolution and industry revolution of the important strategic opportunity

    胡锦涛总书记在全国科技创新大会上指出：科技创新和产业发展的相互结合，经济全球化和信息化的交叉发展，为我们带来了必须抓住和用好的重要机遇。当前，世界范围内以科技创新为引领的产业变革正在蓬勃兴起，与我国的转型发展出现了历史性交汇，为我国科技创新提供了难得的重大历史机遇。2008年以来的国际金融危机更多地表现出结构性危机的特点，主要体现在实体经济和虚拟经济失调，全球产业结构和经济运行模式与知识技术密集的绿色、低碳、可持续发展的价值取向不相适应。同时，发展中国家，特别是“金砖国家”近30亿人口的经济发展和生活改善，将给全球资源分配和利用带来重大挑战。只有通过信息网络、节能环保等新科技的快速发展，对全球发展理念、经济运行模式和生产生活方式进行革命性转变，才能适应未来人类发展的需求。因此，各主要国家纷纷调整科技发展战略，优化相应制度安排，大力发展知识技术密集的新兴产业，抢抓科技和产业变革的重大机遇。

    General secretary hu jintao in the national science and technology innovation conference pointed out：Scientific and technological innovation and industrial development of the combination，Economic globalization and informatization of overlapping development，For we brought must grasp and use good important opportunities。The current，Worldwide by the science and technology innovation as the leading industry change is booming rise，With the transformation of our country development appeared the historic intersection，China's scientific and technological innovation to provide rare major historical opportunity。Since 2008, the international financial crisis more showing the characteristics of structural crisis，Mainly manifests in the real economy and virtual economy disorder，Global industrial structure and economic operation mode and knowledge technology intensive green、Low carbon、The value orientation of sustainable development does not adapt。At the same time，Developing countries，especially“Nuggets countries”Nearly 3 billion people, economic development and living standard，Will give global resource allocation and utilization of bring great challenge。It is only through information network、Energy conservation and environmental protection, such as the rapid development of new science and technology，To the global development concept、Economic operation mode and production and living way revolutionary change，To adapt to the needs of future human development。therefore，The main countries in science and technology development strategy adjustment，Optimization of the corresponding system arrangement，Vigorously develop knowledge technology intensive emerging industry，Catch technology and industrial transformation of the great opportunities。

    我国依靠科技应对国际金融危机，做到早见识、早部署、早行动。国际金融危机爆发伊始，中央就敏锐把握先机，果断决策，把科技创新作为应对危机的措施之一，大力发展战略性新兴产业，在新能源、电动汽车、信息产业等新兴产业领域密集部署，以技术创新带动产业发展，为我国经济率先回升向好作出了重要贡献，为世界各国作出了良好表率。但总体来看，我国经济增长的科技含量还不高，主要依靠加大资源要素投入驱动发展的模式还没有根本改变，科技体制中对资源共享、研发管理、人才培养、开放合作等方面的制约因素依然存在，科技创新能力还不能满足经济社会发展和国际竞争的要求。

    Our country rely on science and technology to deal with the international financial crisis，Do early experience、Early deployment、Early action。At the beginning of the international financial crisis，The central is keen to grasp the coveted leading opportunity，A resolute decision，The science and technology innovation as one of the measures to deal with crises，Develop strategic emerging industry，In the new energy、Electric car、The information industry and other emerging industries intensive deployment，The technical innovation to promote industrial development，For China's economic rebound the undermined made important contributions，Countries all over the world for a good example。But overall，China's economic growth is not high content of science and technology，Rely mainly on strengthening resource inputs drive development mode has not change fundamentally，Science and technology system of resources sharing、R&d management、Personnel training、Opening-up and cooperation of restricting factors still exist，Science and technology innovation ability can't satisfy the economic and social development and international competition requirements。

    面对科技创新和产业变革的新机遇新形势，我们必须按照中央要求，“牢牢把握科技革命和产业变革与我国转变发展方式交汇的机遇，牢牢把握世界科技创新格局调整的机遇，牢牢把握经济发展水平不断提高和市场不断扩大的机遇”，切实增强机遇意识、忧患意识和责任意识，大力提升自主创新能力，支撑经济社会又好又快发展。机遇稍纵即逝。我们要清醒地看到，一方面，我国面临发达国家蓄势占优和新兴经济体追赶比拼的双重挑战；另一方面，我国国民经济和社会的持续健康发展为深化科技体制改革提供了良好条件，科技创新的巨大成就为科技体制改革打下了坚实基础，历次科技体制改革取得的重大进展，为新形势下深化科技体制改革积累了宝贵经验。我们有信心、有决心切实发挥好科技创新的支撑引领作用，真正把经济发展转到依靠科技创新和提高劳动者素质的轨道上来，努力实现创新驱动发展。

    In the face of the science and technology innovation and industry change new opportunities of the new situation，We must, in accordance with the central requirements，“Firmly grasp the scientific and technological revolution and the industrial revolution and the transformation development mode of the junction of opportunity，Firmly grasp the world science and technology innovation pattern adjustment opportunity，Firmly grasp the level of economic development and constantly improve the growing market opportunities”，Enhance the opportunity awareness、The sense of hardship and the sense of responsibility，Make great efforts to enhance the ability of independent innovation，Support to the sound and rapid eco-social development。Opportunity fleeting。We want to see clearly，On the one hand，China faces the developed countries gaining dominant and emerging economies competition after the double challenges；On the other hand，China's national economic and social sustainable development for deepening the reform of scientific and technological system provides a good condition，Innovation of science and technology for the great achievements in science and technology system reform laid a solid foundation，All previous science and technology system reform made significant progress，For the new situation, deepen the reform of the science and technology system has accumulated valuable experience。We are confident、Have the determination and develop good innovation of science and technology support leading role，The real economic development turned to rely on scientific and technological innovation and improve the worker quality the track tocome up，Efforts to achieve innovation drive development。

    三、以改革创新精神落实好大会提出的各项任务 three、To implement the spirit of reform and innovation of the congress proposed various tasks

    全国科技创新大会和《意见》对新形势下加快创新型国家建设作出全面部署，提出了一系列新任务、新举措和新要求。我们要全面贯彻落实，努力取得突出成效。

    The national science and technology innovation assembly and《opinion》Under the new situation to speed up the construction of an innovation-oriented country making arrangements，Puts forward a series of new task、New measures and new requirements。We must fully implement the，Procuring outstanding results。

    一是着力解决关系经济社会发展的重大科技问题，切实发挥科技的支撑引领作用。深入实施国家科技重大专项，突出战略任务的系统性和集成性，完善组织实施机制，集中优势力量打好攻坚战，加快重点领域的跨越发展。深入实施国家技术创新工程，加强企业在技术创新中的主体地位，支持企业牵头实施国家重大科技项目，构建面向企业的技术创新服务平台，构建大中小企业、产学研用协同创新的机制。加大重大创新产品的应用示范，深入实施“十城千辆（节能与新能源汽车）”、“十城万盏（半导体照明）”、“金太阳（太阳能光伏发电）”、“数控一代（数控化机械产品）”、“三网融合（电信网、有线电视网和互联网）”等应用示范工程，为经济平稳较快增长提供有力支撑。发挥国家高新区的集聚、辐射和带动作用，建设各具特色的区域创新体系。继续完善高新技术产业化工作体系和创新创业环境，聚集创新资源，培育创新型企业，加快形成一批具有国际竞争力的创新型产业集群。加强服务民生改善的科技工作，推动科技成果最大程度惠及人民需要。深入实施粮食丰产科技工程，加快农业科技创新，大力发展现代农业。推进公益性推广、社会化创业、多元化服务“三位一体”的新型农村科技服务体系建设。大力加强卫生健康、环境保护、抗灾救灾等民生领域科技工作，提升服务民生改善的科技能力。进一步推动科技创新与文化发展深度融合，提升文化产业核心竞争力。

    One is the relationship between economic and social development and strive to solve the major problems of science and technology，To play the leading role of science and technology support。In-depth implementation of national science and technology major projects，Prominent strategic task of systemic and integration，Perfect organization to implement mechanism，Centralized superior power play tough sell，To speed up the development of key areas across。Further implement the state of technical innovation projects，Strengthens the enterprise technology innovation in the main body status，Support the implementation of enterprise lead major national science and technology projects，Constructing the enterprises technical innovation service platform，Constructing major and medium small enterprise、With the combination of collaborative innovation mechanism。Increase the major innovation product to demonstrate the application，In-depth implementation“Ten city thousand vehicles（Energy saving and new energy vehicles）”、“Ten city lights all（Semiconductor lighting）”、“Gold sun（Solar photovoltaic power generation）”、“Nc generation（Numerical control machine products）”、“Three net fusion（Telecommunication network、Cable television and the Internet）”Application demonstration projects, etc，For fast yet steady economic growth to provide strong support。Play the national high-tech cluster、Radiation and leading role，With the distinctive features of the construction of regional innovation system。We will continue to improve the high and new technology industrialization work system and creative environment，Gathered innovation resources，To cultivate the new innovation enterprise，Speed up the formation of a batch of internationally competitive creative industry cluster。To strengthen the service the livelihood of the people to improve science and technology work，To promote scientific and technological achievements to the greatest extent people's need。In-depth implementation science and technology project of food production，To speed up the agriculture science and technology innovation，Vigorously develop modern agriculture。Promote public welfare promotion、Socialization venture、Diversified service“trinity”The new type of rural science and technology service system construction。Vigorously strengthen health、Environmental protection、Disaster relief disaster relief, the people's livelihood field work of science and technology，Enhance service livelihood of the people to improve the ability of science and technology。Further promote the technical innovation and the cultural development depth fusion，Promote cultural industry core competitiveness。

    二是加强科技基础能力建设，大幅提升科技长远持续发展能力。紧紧围绕国家发展战略需求，瞄准世界科技前沿，超前部署基础研究和战略高技术研究，实施好国家高技术研究发展计划、国家基础研究发展计划等重大科学研究计划，努力引领科学研究和技术创新的潮流和方向，维护国家重大战略利益。建立稳定支持和竞争择优相结合的支持机制，在加大财政对基础研究投入的同时，鼓励企业和社会增加对技术科学基础研究的投入。加强科技创新基地和平台建设，加强科研仪器设备的自主研发。建立科研院所、高等学校和企业开放科研设施的合理运行机制。整合各类科技资源，推进大型科学仪器设备、科技文献、科学数据等科技基础条件平台建设，转变支持方式，加快建立健全开放共享的运行服务管理模式。

    The second is to strengthen the scientific and technological foundation ability construction，Improve science and technology long-term sustainable development ability。Centering on the national development strategy needs，Aim at the frontier science and technology，Lead the deployment of basic research and the strategic high technology research，Good implementation of the national high technology research and development program、The national basic research and development program and the important science research project，Efforts to lead the scientific research and technology innovation trend and direction，To safeguard national important strategic interests。Establish a stable support and competition preferred combination of support mechanism，On increasing financial investment in basic research on at the same time，Encourage enterprise and social increase the fundamental research in science and technology。Strengthening science and technology innovation base and platform construction，To strengthen the scientific research instrument equipment independent research and development。Establishing scientific research institutes、Higher school and enterprise research facilities open to the reasonable operation mechanism。Integration of all kinds of science and technology resources，Promote large scientific instruments、Science and technology literature、Scientific data and science and technology foundation platform construction conditions，Transition support way，To speed up the establishment of a sound open sharing service management mode of operation。

    三是深化科技管理体制改革，提高科技管理的科学化水平。完善统筹协调的科技宏观决策体系，完善中央与地方、科技相关部门之间、科技部门与其他部门的沟通协调机制。加快转变政府职能，加强在战略规划、政策法规、标准规范和监督指导等方面职责，提高公共科技服务能力。进一步明确国家各类科技计划、专项、基金的定位和支持重点，建立健全按重大任务配置科技资源的新机制，组织实施跨领域跨计划的重点专项。建立健全科技项目决策、执行、评价相对分开、互相监督的运行机制，强化承担单位法人责任，加强对科研项目经费管理的制度建设和监督服务。加强对各类科技计划、基金、工程等专项经费管理使用的综合绩效评价，建立科技项目管理问责机制，依法公开问责情况，提高资金使用效益。建立科技报告制度，促进科研成果向全社会公开。按照分类评价的原则，开展科技项目实施绩效的第三方评价和后评估工作。进一步改革完善国家科技奖励制度，建立公开提名、科学评议、实践检验、公信度高的科技奖励机制。

    The third is to deepen reform of the management system of science and technology，Improving the scientific level of science and technology management。Perfect coordination technology macroscopic decision-making system，Perfect the central and local、Science and technology between related departments、Science and technology department and other departments in communication and coordination mechanism。To speed up the transformation of government functions，Strengthen the strategic planning、Policies and regulations、Standards and supervision responsibilities, etc，Improve the public service ability of science and technology。Further clear of all kinds of national science and technology plan、special、Positioning of the fund and support key，To establish and perfect the major task of the new configuration of resources of science and technology，Implement interdisciplinary span plan key special。Establish and perfect the technology project decision、execution、Evaluation relatively separate、Mutual supervision mechanism，Strengthen the entity undertaking legal responsibility，To strengthen the scientific research project funds management system construction and supervision and service。To strengthen all kinds of science and technology plan、fund、Engineering management of special funds for the use of comprehensive performance evaluation，Establish science and technology project management accountability mechanism，Public accountability in accordance with the situation，To improve the funding returns。Establish technical report system，Promote scientific research achievements into the whole society public。According to the principle of classification and assessment，Carrying out science and technology project implementation of the performance of the third party evaluation and assessment after work。The further reform of national science and technology reward system perfect，Establishing an open the nomination、Scientific evaluation、Practice test、Only high science and technology reward mechanism。

    四是加强科技人才队伍建设，造就规模宏大、结构合理、素质优良的创新型科技人才队伍。组织实施创新人才推进计划和海外高层次人才引进计划，依托国家重点创新项目、国家重点学科和重点实验室、国家高新区等创新创业平台，深入实施“千人计划”、“百千万人才工程”、“杰出青年计划”等重大人才工程，推动实施创新人才推进计划，着力培养造就科技领军人才和高水平创新团队。推进“973”计划青年科学家专题试点工作，加大对35岁以下青年人才和创新团队的支持力度。积极延揽和培育高素质人才。建立科技项目诚信档案制度，完善监督机制，对学术不端行为零容忍。

    The fourth is to strengthen the construction of qualified personnel in science and technology，Make large-scale、Reasonable structure、Good quality and innovative science and technology talent team。Organize the implementation of innovative talents advance planning and overseas high-level talents plan，Relying on the national key innovative project、Key national disciplines and key laboratory、Such as the national high-tech innovation platform，In-depth implementation“One thousand people plan”、“Key talent of engineering”、“Outstanding youth plan”And the important engineering talents，Promote and implement innovative talents propulsion plan，Strive to cultivate and bring up science and technology leading talents and high level innovation teams。propulsion“973”Plan young scientists project pilot work，Strengthen the below 35 years old young talents and innovation team support。Actively recruit and cultivate the high-quality talents。Establish science and technology project credit file system，Perfect supervision mechanism，To academic misconduct zero tolerance。

    五是加大创新政策完善落实力度，进一步营造良好的创新创业环境。加大已有创新政策的落实力度，总结完善和推广试点政策，研究制定新的配套政策。积极落实高新技术企业税收优惠、企业研发费用加计扣除等已有的政策，总结完善和推广非上市股份公司代办股份转让，扩大高校和科研机构成果收益权处置权、股权激励等试点政策。为民营企业技术创新营造公平竞争的环境，通过创业板、孵化器和风险投资等多种措施，重点帮扶中小科技型企业破解融资困难。

    Five is to increase innovation policy perfect implementation of strength，Further create good innovation environment。Increase had the innovation policy to carry out the strength，Summarizing and perfecting and promote pilot policy，To study and formulate a new supporting policies。Actively implementing the new and high technology enterprise tax preference、Enterprise r&d expenses claim additional deduction, etc of the existing policy，Summarizing and perfecting and promotion of private joint-stock company agent to the transfer of shares，Expand the universities and research institutions results usufruct disposition、Equity incentive such as pilot policy。For the private enterprise technology innovation, create the environment of fair, healthy competition，Through the gem、The incubator and venture capital and so on the many kinds of measures，Key supporting small and medium-sized technology-based enterprise financing difficulties crack。

    六是深化科技开放合作，提高科技创新的国际化水平。抓住全球创新资源加快流动和重组的重要机遇，进一步加大高水平人才和技术的引进力度，积极参与国际大科学计划和大科学工程，支持企业和科研机构到海外建立研发机构，同时支持国外企业在中国建立研发机构。加大国家科技计划开放合作力度，吸引全球优秀科技人才来华创新创业。（作者：全国政协副主席、科技部部长）

    Six is to deepen the open cooperation of science and technology，Improve the innovation of science and technology level of internationalization。Seize the global innovation resources to speed up the flow and restructuring of the important opportunity，To further increase the high level talent and technology efforts to introduce，Actively participates in the international big science plan and big science project，Support enterprises and research institutions to establish research and development institutions overseas，At the same time support foreign enterprise in China to establish research and development institutions。Increase the national science and technology plan, for its open and cooperative efforts，Attract global outstanding scientific and technological personnel to innovation。（The author：Vice chairman of the CPPCC national committee、Science and technology minister）