深入落实和不断完善基层群众自治制度 In-depth implementation and improvement of their autonomy system
李立国 LiLiGuo 

    基层群众自治制度是我国的一项基本政治制度。党的十七大以来，各地将推进基层群众自治制度建设作为社会主义民主政治建设的基础工程来抓，取得了显著成效。随着经济发展方式加快转变、社会结构加速转型、利益格局深刻调整、思想观念深刻变化，基层群众自治面临着新形势新要求。深入落实和不断完善基层群众自治制度，确保城乡居民享有更多更切实的民主权利，是坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路的重要任务。

    Their autonomy system is a basic political system of China。Since the party congress，Cities will be promote the masses autonomy system construction as a socialist democratic politics construction foundation engineering to grasp，Has made remarkable achievement。Along with the economic development mode change speed up、Accelerating transformation social structure、Interest structure adjustment deep、Ideas profound changes，Their autonomy to face the new situation and new requirements。In-depth implementation and improvement of their autonomy system，Ensure that urban and rural residents have more significant democratic rights，Is to adhere to the path of political development under socialism characteristic of the important task。

    一、基层群众自治制度在中国特色社会主义民主政治制度体系中的地位和作用  a、Their autonomy system in socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics in the system of status and role

    党的十七大将“基层群众自治制度”确立为我国社会主义民主政治的基本政治制度，把坚持和完善基层群众自治制度作为坚持中国特色社会主义政治发展道路的重要内容。胡锦涛同志在庆祝中国共产党成立90周年大会上的讲话中强调指出，人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度，中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度以及基层群众自治制度是我国的基本政治制度，从而进一步明确了基层群众自治制度在中国特色社会主义民主政治制度体系中的地位和作用，为我们深化对基层群众自治制度的认识开启了新视野。

    The party congress will“Their autonomy system”Established as the socialist democratic politics in China of the basic political system，Put their autonomy, stick to and perfect the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics as insist on the road to political development the important content。Comrade hu jintao's at celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese communist party conference speech notes，The people's congress system is China's fundamental political system，The leadership of the communist party of China's multi-party cooperation and political consultation system、The system of regional ethnic autonomy and their autonomy system is China's fundamental political system，To further clarify the grass-roots autonomous system in socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics in the system of status and role，For we deepen their autonomy system to the understanding of the new horizons opened。

    基层群众自治制度是我国社会主义民主政治发展的基础。发展社会主义政治文明，必须扩大公民有序政治参与，动员和组织人民依法管理国家事务和社会事务、管理经济和文化事业。广大人民群众通过选举出来的人大代表组成全国人大和地方各级人大，行使当家作主的权力；同时，通过建立健全基层群众自治组织和民主管理制度，依法管理自己的事情。人民群众在城乡基层直接行使民主权利与代表制民主制度的有机结合，保障了人民代表大会制度这一根本政治制度在基层得到延伸。人民群众在基层群众自治实践中，学习和提高了民主协商、民主监督和参政议政能力，为在更高层面上、更广范围内开展政治协商、参政议政奠定了坚实基础。中国特色社会主义民主政治制度的根基在基层，依托在基层，落实在基层。

    Their autonomy system is socialist democratic politics in China development foundation。Development of socialist political civilization，Must expand orderly citizen politics participation，To mobilize and organize people's management according to the laws of the state affairs and social affairs、Manage economic and cultural undertakings。The people through the elected deputy to the National People's Congress of the people's congress and the local people's congress at all levels，Exercise the power of the masters；At the same time，Through the set up and perfect the basic autonomous organization of the people and the democratic management system，The management according to the laws of their own thing。The people in urban and rural directly exercise their democratic rights and a representative democracy organically，The security of the people's congress system the basic political system in basic get extension。The people in their autonomy in practice，To study and improve the democratic consultation、Democratic supervision and participating politics ability，For in the high level、A wider scope for political consultation、Participating politics laid solid foundation。Socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics of the system in the foundation，At the grass-roots level relying on，Implement in basic。

    基层群众自治制度是人民群众直接参与社会主义民主政治建设的主阵地和重要平台。在我国城乡基层实行群众自治，以制度化方式保证城乡基层群众依法直接行使民主权利，开展民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督实践，实现自我管理、自我服务、自我教育、自我监督，参与基层公共事务和公益事业管理，是亿万城乡人民群众参与社会主义民主政治建设的重要内容。长期以来，广大基层人民群众利用基层群众自治这个主阵地和重要平台，依法行使民主权利，不断深化民主实践，充分表达意愿和诉求，增强了对民主政治的认同，调动了参与社会主义民主政治建设的积极性。基层群众自治制度正逐步成为推动社会主义民主政治建设最广泛、最可靠、最牢固的群众基础和力量源泉。

    Their autonomy system is the people directly involved in the construction of socialist democratic politics main position and important platform。In our country the urban and rural masses autonomy，To ensure institutional way urban and rural directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law，Democratic election in、Democratic decision、Democratic management and democratic supervision and practice，Realize self management、Self service、Self education、Self monitoring，Participate in the management of public affairs and public welfare undertakings，Millions of people's participation in urban and rural areas is socialist democratic politics construction the important content。long，The grassroots people's use of their autonomy, the main position and important platform，Exercise their democratic rights according to law，Deepening democratic practice，Express the intention and the appeal，Strengthened to democratic political identity，To participate in the socialist democratic politics construction the enthusiasm。Their autonomy system is gradually becoming promote socialist democratic politics construction is the most widely、The most reliable、The solid foundation for the masses and power source。

    基层群众自治制度是我国最直接、最广泛、最生动的社会主义民主实践。强调实践、突出实践、扩大实践是基层群众自治制度的鲜明特性。实行基层群众自治制度，从做得到的事情做起，从广大人民群众最关心的事情入手，扎扎实实，一步一步发展基层民主，是发展中国特色社会主义民主政治实践的重要途径。目前，全国直接参与基层群众自治的农村人口达到6亿，城镇居民超过3亿。亿万人民群众通过亲身参与广泛的民主实践活动，依法创造自己的幸福生活，进一步推进了社会主义民主政治建设的总体进程。

    Their autonomy system in China is the most direct、The most widely、The most vivid socialist democracy practice。Emphasizes practice、Highlight the practice、Expand the practice is their autonomy of the distinctive characteristics of the system。Implement their autonomy system，From the start to do things，From the people care about most of the things，solid，Step by step the development of democracy at the grass-roots level，Is to develop the socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics practice of important ways。At present，The national directly involved in their autonomy of the rural population to 600 million，More than 300 million urban residents。Millions of people through the wide range of democracy practice to participate in activities，Create your own happiness life according to law，To further promote the socialist democratic politics construction in the process。

    二、党的十七大以来我国城乡基层群众自治的新实践和新成就 two、The party congress in urban and rural areas in China since their autonomy, new practice and new achievements

    党的十七大以来，我国基层群众自治制度不断完善，组织载体不断健全，内容不断丰富，形式更加多样，基层党组织领导的充满活力的基层群众自治机制进一步健全，基层群众自治制度在中国特色社会主义民主政治制度体系中日益发挥着基础性作用。

    Since the party congress，Our country basic unit masses autonomy system improvement，Organization carrier constantly improved，Content enrich，Form more diverse，Primary party organization of full of vitality under the leadership of their autonomy, further improve the mechanism，Their autonomy system in socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics of increasingly system plays an essential role。

    制度建设取得新进展。村委会组织法修订实施，地方性法规不断修订完善。中央先后就社区居委会建设、社区服务体系建设、村委会换届选举、村级组织运转经费保障机制等下发文件，为城乡基层群众自治实践提供了更加有力的法律和制度保障，为切实保障农民群众的选举权、知情权、决策权、参与权和监督权发挥了重要作用。

    The system construction made new progress。Implementation of the revised villagers committees，Local regulations constantly revising perfect。The central committee is community residents' committees construction、Community service system construction、The village committee general election、Village organization operation funds guarantee mechanism, issued a document，For urban and rural masses autonomy practice provides the more powerful legal and the system guarantee，For the farmers to protect the right to vote、Right to know、Decision-making authority、Government control and supervision has played an important role。

    组织建设不断加强。基层群众自治组织基本实现了全覆盖，新型城乡自治组织不断涌现。目前农村有59万多个村委会，成员233.3万人；城市有8.9万个社区居委会，成员43.9万人。近年来，各地积极培育和发展服务性、公益性、互助性社区社会组织，并引导这些组织发挥在发展生产、提供服务、参与监督和建言献策等方面的作用。

    Strengthening the organization construction。Their autonomy organization basically achieved complete coverage，New urban and rural autonomous organization emerge。Currently there are more than 590000 rural village committee，2.333 million members；The city has 89000 community residents' committees，439000 members。In recent years，All cultivating and developing service、Public welfare、Mutual community social organization，And guide the organization plays in the development of production、Provide service、Participate in supervision and the role of BSFLP, etc。

    “四个民主”实践全面推进。十七大以来，城乡基层民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督实践日益广泛深入开展。农村普遍开展了8轮以上的村委会换届选举，98%以上的村委会依法实行直接选举，无记名投票、公开计票的方法得到普遍运用，秘密写票处普遍设置，竞职演讲、治村演说等形式普遍实行，村民参选率达到95%。城市开展了6轮以上的居委会换届选举。村（居）民会议及其村（居）民代表会议经常召开，村务公开、民主评议、村干部定期报告工作、村干部任期和离任经济责任审计等活动普遍开展。自治范围不断扩大，领域不断拓展，基层群众自治的形式日趋丰富。

    “Four democratic”Practice comprehensively promote。Since the，Urban and rural democratic election、Democratic decision、Democratic management、Democratic supervision wide practice thorough development。Rural engaged in more than eight rounds of committee general election，More than 98% of the village committee shall practise the direct election，Secret ballot、Open the vote by using common method，Secret XiePiaoChu common Settings，JingZhi speech、Put to village form such as a common speech，The villagers turnout reached 95%。In the city of residents' committees more than 6 round general election。village（in）People meeting and the village（in）People often held on behalf of the meeting，Village public、Democratic appraisal、Village cadres regular report work、Village cadres term and departure of economic responsibility audit activities such as general begin。Autonomous expanded，Field constantly expanding the，The form of their autonomy, increasingly rich。

    保障机制进一步健全。全国城乡社区服务设施建设不断加强，社区服务专职工作人员素质提升、待遇提高，城乡基层社会管理服务能力进一步提升。全国乡镇机构改革深入实施，街道和城市社区体制改革积极探索，政府职能进一步转变，自治组织行政化的问题逐步解决。各级财政对村级组织的补助稳步增长，村级组织活动场所建设得到加强，化解村级债务取得积极进展，村干部报酬和村办公经费逐年增加，村级组织运转经费保障机制初步建立。

    Guarantee mechanism further to improve。The national urban and rural community service facilities continuously strengthen，Community service full-time personnel quality promotion、Treatment improve，Urban and rural social management services to further improve ability。The reform of the rural authorities further implementation，The street and urban community system reform active exploration，The functions of the government further transform，Autonomous organizations of charimas whose problem solved step by step。At all levels for finance to the steady growth of the village organization subsidies，Village organization construction activity place was strengthened，Dissolve the village-level debt making headway，Village cadres' remuneration and village office expenses increases year by year，Village organization operation funds safeguard mechanism set up。

    三、党的十七大以来落实和完善基层群众自治制度的重要经验和启示  three、Since the party congress implement and improve the system of their autonomy, the important experience and enlightenment

    党的十七大以来基层群众自治制度实践的发展，深化了我们对推进基层群众自治制度建设规律性的认识，为继续深入落实和不断完善这一制度提供了重要经验和启示。

    The party congress grass-roots self-government system since the development of practice，To promote the deepening our masses autonomy to the regularity of the system construction，For the continued in-depth implementation and constantly improve the system provides important experience and enlightenment。

    必须始终坚持党的领导。党的领导是人民当家作主和依法治国的根本保证，是基层群众自治坚持正确方向的根本保证，不能动摇。在深入落实和完善基层群众自治制度过程中，要始终坚持党的领导，把党的领导地位体现在民主程序、民主环节之中，把党的领导作用贯穿于基层群众自治各项工作之中。一是保证党组织在民主选举中的领导。要提倡按照民主程序，将村（居）党组织负责人推选为村（居）民选举委员会主任，主持村（居）民选举委员会工作；提倡把村（居）党组织书记按照民主程序推选为村（居）委会成员候选人，通过选举兼任村（居）委会主任。二是保证党组织在民主决策中的领导。提倡党员通过法定程序当选村（居）民小组长、村（居）民代表，直接组织、参与村（居）事务的民主决策。因地制宜推广“四议两公开”工作法，丰富和完善党领导的村级民主自治机制。三是保证党组织在民主管理和民主监督中的领导。在制定和完善村（居）民自治章程、村规民约、村（居）民会议和村（居）民代表会议议事规则、财务管理制度等规章制度时，要确保村（居）党组织的提议权、领导权。村各项财务支出、集体资产经营管理等，要确保村党组织的知情权、审核权。民主评议村（居）干部、村（居）重大事务民主听证等活动，要保证村（居）党组织的主导权。健全基层党组织领导的充满活力的基层群众自治机制，是基层群众自治发展的不竭动力。

    Must always adhere to the party's leadership。The leader of the party is the people are the masters of the country according to law and the fundamental guarantee，Their autonomy is the fundamental guarantee of to adhere to the correct direction，Cannot be moved。In the thorough implementation and improvement of their autonomy system process，Should adhere to the party's leadership，The party's leadership position reflected in the democratic process、Democratic aspect of，The party's leading role throughout their autonomy of each work。One is the guarantee of the party organization in the democratic election leadership。We must promote according to democratic procedures，Will village（in）Party elected village head（in）People, director of the election committee，Presided over the village（in）"The election committee work；Advocated village（in）Secretary of the party organization in accordance with the democratic process for elected village（in）Council member candidate，Through the election concurrently village（in）, director of the council of。Two is to ensure that the democratic leadership of the party organization in the decision。Advocate the party member through legal process was elected village（in）MinXiao leader、village（in）On behalf of the people，Directly organize、Participate in village（in）Affairs democratic decision-making。Adjust measures to local conditions promotion“Discussion LiangGongKai four”GongZuoFa，To enrich and perfect the village-level party leadership, democratic autonomy mechanism。Three is to guarantee the party organization in democratic management and democratic supervision of the leadership。In the formulation and perfecting the village（in）People of self-government, rules、self-restraint、village（in）People meeting and village（in）People on meeting rules、The financial management system and other rules and regulations，To ensure that village（in）Party organization's proposal rights、leadership。Village the financial expenditure、Collective assets management, etc，To ensure that the village party organizations' right to know、Audit right。Democratic appraisal of village（in）cadres、village（in）Major affairs activities such as democratic hearing，To ensure the village（in）Retaining control of the party organization。Sound basic-level party organization of full of vitality under the leadership of their autonomy mechanism，Their autonomy is an inexhaustible source of development。

    必须始终坚持人民当家作主。人民当家作主是社会主义民主政治的本质要求，也是基层群众自治的核心和精髓。没有在法律法规范围内的充分民主，没有群众对基层社会公共事务和公益事业的管理权利，村（居）民自治就没有生机和活力。十七大以来我国基层群众自治制度建设的一条重要经验，就是各级党组织始终坚持村（居）民的主体地位，最广泛地动员和组织村（居）民开展民主实践活动，调动了基层群众当家作主的积极性。要进一步扩大基层群众自治范围，丰富自治内容，拓宽参与渠道，不断提高基层群众自治的质量和水平。一是坚持民主选举制度。完善村（居）民直接民主选举制度，规范选举程序。扩大居委会直接选举覆盖面，切实维护城乡居民群众的民主权利。开展流动人口参加居住地选举、参与社区管理和服务的试点。二是促进各项民主制度的协调发展、统筹推进。不断完善民主管理制度，修订完善社区公约、村（居）规民约、村（居）民自治章程，规范基层干部和城乡居民的行为。大力健全民主决策制度，规范议事决策程序，拓宽群众参与民主决策的渠道。涉及村（居）民切身利益的事情，必须通过村（居）民会议或村（居）民代表会议，由群众民主决策。进一步加强民主监督，全面推行党务公开、政务公开、村（居）务公开，积极开展村（居）干部勤廉双述、民主评议活动，切实加强对村（居）干部的监督管理。三是尊重群众的首创精神，及时总结和推广有利于村（居）民当家作主的好经验，完善村（居）民当家作主的各项制度。要最广泛地动员和组织村（居）民开展基层民主实践，在实践中提高自我管理、自我教育、自我服务、自我监督的水平。四是扩大群众自治范围。大力发展公益性、服务性、互助性社区社会组织，发挥其扩大群众参与、反映群众诉求方面的积极作用，增强社会自治功能。进一步明确基层人民政府和村（居）委会的职责划分，实现政府行政管理与基层群众自治有效衔接、良性互动。积极探索基层群众自治制度与其他政治制度有效衔接、协调发展的方式和途径，把基层群众自治有机地融入社会主义民主政治建设的总进程。

    Must always adhere to the people are the masters of the country。The people are the masters of the socialist democratic politics is the essential requirements，Also is the core of their autonomy and essence。Not in the laws and regulations within the scope of the full democracy，Not the masses of the basic level social and public affairs and public welfare management rights，village（in）Self-government is no vitality and vigor。Since China's 17 of their autonomy, the system construction of an important experience，Is the party organizations at all levels always adhere to the village（in）The main body status of people，The most widely mobilize and organize the village（in）People in democratic practice activities，Mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses as masters of the country。To further expand the scope of their autonomy，Rich content of autonomy，Widen participation channels，Their autonomy, improve the quality and level。The first is to stick to democratic election system。Perfect village（in）People directly democratic election system，Regulate the election process。Expand the residents' committees direct election coverage，Safeguarding of the masses of urban and rural residents and the democratic rights。The floating population live in in the election、Participate in community management and service of experiments。Two is to promote the coordinated development of the various democratic system、Push to plan as a whole。Constantly perfect the democratic management system，Revising perfect community convention、village（in）Rules turn、village（in）People of self-government, rules，Standard grassroots cadres and the behavior of the urban and rural residents。To improve democratic decision system，Standard's decision procedure，The decision to broaden the channels democratic participation。Involving village（in）The immediate interests of people things，Must through the village（in）People meeting or village（in）People on meeting，By the democratic decision making。To further strengthen the democratic supervision，The full implementation of the party made public、Open government、village（in）Public affairs，Actively carry out village（in）Cadres of QinLian double、Democratic appraisal activities，To strengthen the village（in）Cadre of supervision and management。Three is to respect their initiative，Summarize and promotion to the village（in）The people as masters of the good experience，Perfect village（in）The people as masters of the system。To the most widely mobilize and organize the village（in）People in the practice of democracy at the grass-roots level，In practice, improve self management、Self education、Self service、Self monitoring level。Four is expanding masses autonomy range。Vigorously develop the public benefits、service、Mutual community social organization，Play its expanding public participation、Voicing positive role，To enhance the social autonomy function。The basic people's government and further clear village（in）Council of the functions and duties，Realize the administrative management and effective connection of their autonomy、Benign interaction。Actively explore their autonomy system and other political system effective connection、The coordinated development of the ways and approaches，Their autonomy, the organic in socialist democratic politics construction of total process。

    必须始终坚持依法治国基本方略。依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略，也是基层群众自治的重要前提。要总结和运用基层群众自治的成功经验，始终坚持依法办事。一是认真贯彻落实《村民委员会组织法》，及时修订《居民委员会组织法》。各地应根据新修订的村委会组织法，修订村委会组织法实施办法、村委会选举办法、村务公开办法，不断完善地方性法规。加大基层群众自治政策创制力度，抓紧制定和完善保障人民群众在基层行使民主权利的法律法规和规章制度，努力做到依法建制、有制可依、按制办事，不断提高城乡社区的法治化管理水平。二是加强法制宣传教育，增强广大基层干部群众的法治观念，不断提高他们依法依规管理社会事务、协调利益关系、开展群众工作、处理矛盾纠纷、维护社会稳定的本领。三是坚持有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必纠，坚决查处破坏基层群众自治的各种行为。健全社区利益诉求表达和矛盾纠纷调处化解机制，引导群众以合法理性的方式表达利益诉求，维护自己的权利，促进基层群众自治事业健康有序发展。  （作者：民政部部长）

    Must always adhere to the law as a fundamental principle。Law is the party leads the people govern the country's basic strategy，Also is the important prerequisite of their autonomy。To summarize and use their autonomy, successful experience，Always insist in accordance with the law。One is implementing《The villagers committees》，Revised timely《Neighborhood committees》。Should be based on the new revision of the all villagers committees，The measures for the implementation of the revised villagers committees、The village committee election methods、Village public way，Constantly perfect local laws and regulations。Increasing their autonomy policy initiative strength，Formulating and perfect protecting the people's basic exercise their democratic rights in the laws and regulations and rules，Trying to make the system according to law、In a system、According to the work，Continuously improve the urban and rural community management level of the rule of law。2 it is to strengthen the publicity of legal system education，To strengthen the concept of rule of law cadres at the grassroots level，Improve their management according to laws and regulations in accordance with the social affairs、Coordinate the interest relationship、Carry out mass work、Handling disputes、The ability of maintaining social stability。Three is to insist there、since、eleventh、Illegal must rectify，We will tenaciously investigate all kinds of destruction of their autonomy behavior。Sound community interest demand expression and disputes mediation dissolve mechanism，Guide the masses to legal rational ways of expressing interest demand，To maintain their own rights，Their autonomy, promote the healthy and orderly development of the business。  （The author：Secretary of the ministry of）