新华社北京８月１日电 三年医药卫生体制改革工作成效如何？新华社记者近期深入到上海、青海、海南、新疆、黑龙江等１３个省区市，从边疆山村到海岛江洲，从红色革命老区到改革开放前沿，受访的基层群众普遍反映：三年医改缓解了“看病贵、看病难”，帮百姓实现了织网、强基、削山等多年愿望，给基层群众带来了真正实惠。

    Beijing August 1-3 years medical health system reform how effective work？The xinhua news agency recently further to Shanghai、qinghai、hainan、xinjiang、13 provinces in heilongjiang province，From the frontier JiangZhou island mountain village，The old revolutionary base areas from red to reform and opening up front，The surveyed generally reflected the masses：Three years to ease the cure“High cost、Difficulties in getting”，To help people achieve the netting、Strong base、Cut mountain etc wishes for many years，The masses to bring real benefits。

    织网：神州大地正实现“全民医保”梦想     netting：Throughout the is realized“Universal coverage”dream

    地处祖国版图最西端的新疆乌恰县，是我国最晚送走太阳的地方。在黑孜苇乡中心卫生院一号病房里，７４岁的柯尔克孜族老人哈地尔·那依正安静地休息。一旁的医护人员一边轻巧地取出老人腋下的体温计一边对记者说：“老人罹患恶性骨髓瘤，且存在肺部感染、高血压等症状，目前病情得到初步控制。”

    Located in the west end of the xinjiang country territory Wolfe just county，Is China's most night where the sun send to walk。In the black township health hospital center reed kirgiz, a hospital ward，The 74-year-old old man, kirgiz, · the quiet in is rest。One side of medical personnel side took the old man and the thermometer under your armpit while told reporters：“The old man malign myeloma，And there is a lung infection、Symptoms such as high blood pressure，At present the illness gets preliminary control。”

    去年年底，刚得知病情的哈地尔老人坚决不愿接受治疗：“反正我的病也治不好，不想给子女增加负担，怕把家拖垮。”目前住院共花费３万元，通过新农合报销了１．６万元，还能获得大病救助。谈及医改带来的变化，老人眼含泪花：“要是没有新农合政策，我只能眼睁睁地等死，哪能住得起医院。”

    By the end of last year，Just learned that the condition, the old man, resolute don't want to accept treatment：“Anyway, my disease also not cure，Don't want to give their children a burden，Be afraid of a domestic drag down。”Now costs 30000 yuan in hospital，Through the new farming and submit an expense account for 16000 yuan，Still can obtain a serious illness relief。The changes brought about，The old man eye restraining tears flower：“If there were no new farming and policy，I can only watch to die，Which can live a hospital。”

    三年医改，在神州大地编织了一个巨大的医疗保障网。截至２０１１年底，城乡居民参加三项基本医保人数超过１３亿，覆盖率超过９５％，全民医保制度框架全面建成。即便在偏远山区、海岛渔村、少数民族山寨，农民不再“小病施、大病扛”，正在实现“病有所医”梦想。

    Cure of the three years，In throughout the weaving a huge medical security network。By the end of 2011，Urban and rural residents in three basic medical insurance number more than 1.3 billion，Coverage rate of more than 95%，The completion of the medical insurance system framework。Even in remote mountains、Island fishing village、Minority strongholds，Farmers no longer“Ailment was、Carried a serious illness”，Is realizing“multi-form”dream。

    走进海南省临高县调楼镇抱社村卫生室，村医陈芝兰正在将刚刚完成的诊疗治疗信息输入电脑。拥有１９００余人的抱社村是一个渔村，渔民们常年在北部湾及中沙群岛海域作业，艰苦的海上环境使得他们常常身患疾病。而新农合政策的实施和农村医疗机构条件的改善，为渔民就医提供了极大的方便。村民钟王彪说：“现在村卫生室小病都能收治，打针吃药方便得很。”

    Hainan province DiaoLouZhen embrace club LinGaoXian into village clinic，ChenZhiLan village doctor is just completed treatment information into the computer diagnosis and treatment。With more than 1900 people hold club village is a fishing village，The fishermen in the gulf and sand in the perennial islands waters homework，The sea environment makes them hard often suffers from the disease。And new farming and the implementation of the policy of rural medical institutions and conditions to improve，Medical treatment for fishermen provides great convenience。The villagers clock WangBiao said：“Now village clinic ailment can be treated，An injection is convenient to take medicine。”

    贵州省岑巩县凯本乡卫生院院长伍宏亮说，几年前，村里还有巫婆，村民有病痛通常先请巫婆看香、打卦、跳马脚，实在严重的病才会上医院。近年来，随着公共卫生服务均等化的推进，村民“信巫不信医”的现象得到根本扭转，村里基本没有巫婆了。

    岑巩 county in guizhou province of health hospital WuHongLiang alvin kay said，A few years ago，The village and the witch，The villagers have the indisposition usually first please witches watched sweet、DaGua、Vault feet，Really a serious disease before meeting the hospital。In recent years，Along with the advancement of equal access to public health service，The villagers“Wu letter not letter medical”The phenomenon of get a fundamental change，The village basic no witch。

    在海拔近４０００米的青海省贵南县过马营乡中心卫生院，７１岁的藏族老人阿格加高声朗读藏语歌谣，称赞医改政策：加科吉赛吉优格（国家政策好），曼康格恰健桑格（医院换新貌），曼巴也南角砂格（医生赛亲人），曼热吉仁贡麻格（药品价格低），茫措吉散巴吉格（群众甜如蜜）……

    At an altitude of almost 4000 meters of qinghai province had MaYing township center from shagou health hospital，The 71-year-old Tibetan old man agger and reading aloud Tibetan songs，Praise cure of the policy：Plus, the auspicious auspicious yogurt（National policy good），Mann KangGe just health sanger（Hospital in XinMao），Mamba also south Angle sand case（The family doctor），Mann JiRen gong hemp hot case（Drug prices low），Concerning the glistening auspicious he scattered case（Masses as sweet as honey）......

 

    强基：搭起“四梁八柱” 摆脱“房倒人散”    Strong base：Put up“Four beam eight column” Get rid of“Room pour people scattered”

    黑龙江省漠河县北极镇北极村，是祖国的最北极。整个北极镇虽然只有一个村庄近４０００人，群众同样可以享受到较为优质的医疗服务。去年，重新建设的镇卫生院实现了“鸟枪换炮”，添置了ＣＴ机、彩色Ｂ超、多功能一体式生化分析仪等最新医疗设备，哈尔滨医科大学的专家还定期来坐诊，让农民在家门口就可享受到高水平医疗服务。

    MoHeXian arctic village in heilongjiang province town of North Pole，Is the country most the arctic。The arctic town has one village of nearly 4000 people，People can also enjoy more quality health services。Last year，To realize the of the construction of the hospital“Corners has been”，Acquired CT machine、Color B to exceed、Multifunctional one-piece biochemical analyzer, etc the latest medical equipment，Harbin medical university experts also regularly to ZuoZhen，Let the farmers in the home can enjoy a high level medical services。

    ６３岁的弦哲林去年刚刚做完心脏搭桥手术，通过新农合报销费用４万多元，这位身材高大的老人一脸的满足：“现在家门口也有了像样的医院，有个头痛发热，大夫一叫就到，跟自家人一样亲。”

    The 63-year-old string zhe Lin had just finished heart bypass surgery last year，Through the new farming and submit an expense account cost 40000 yuan，The tall old man a face of satisfy：“Now door also had a decent hospital，Have a headache fever，The doctor a call，And as close by。”

    院长牛军已在北极镇卫生院工作１８年，他说：“卫生院曾经差点关门，要设备没设备，要工资没工资，社会歧视，患者给白眼。现在工资县财政全额拨款，医生没了后顾之忧，一门心思扑在治疗和公共卫生服务上。”

    President NiuJun has set up a file in the arctic town health hospital work 18 years，He said：“Health hospital had almost close the door，To equipment no equipment，To pay no salary，Social discrimination，Patients supercilious look to。Now pay county finance full funding，The doctor didn't trouble back at home，At heart in treatment and public health service。”

    “北大北大，我是贵德。”在青海省海南藏族自治州贵德县人民医院远程诊疗室，经常会有这样的远程会诊。患者孟荣瑞足不出院，就享受到了北京知名专家的诊断服务。老人因肾脏不适收治入院，一直无法确诊，通过远程网络，按北京大学医院专家的建议对症治疗，很快痊愈。仅仅一次不到半小时的免费会诊，为他直接节约８７０２元费用。

    “North north，I'm for you,。”Hainan Tibetan autonomous prefecture of qinghai province for you, the county hospital remote examination，Often there will be such a remote consultation。Patients MengRongRui never released，Just enjoy the Beijing famous experts diagnosis service。The old man for kidney is treated in hospital，Has been unable to diagnose，Through the remote network，According to Beijing university hospital expert advice symptomatic treatment，Soon recovered。Only once in less than half an hour of free consultation，For he direct saving cost of $8702。

    青海省副省长马顺清感叹：“虽然底子薄，但中央定下的事情要咬牙往前推，奋力一搏还是可以有所作为。”三年医改，青海共投入资金１１４．８亿元，超额完成国家规定任务３７项。

    Vice governor of qinghai province MaShunQing exclamation：“Though weak economic foundations，But the central set of things to push forth with his teeth，Struggling to a gamble or can do something。”Cure of the three years，Qinghai has invested capital is 11.48 billion yuan，Overfulfilled state regulations task and items。

    位于鄱阳湖中央的江西省新建县南矶乡，每年５月到９月的丰水期，就会被茫茫湖水环绕，交通极为不便。新中国成立前因血吸虫病泛滥，岛上雷、张、钟、魏四大家族先后绝户，一时被人称为“瘟神岛”。就是这样的湖心岛，如今也完善了诊疗机构。南矶乡卫生院占地面积３３５９平方米，设有门诊大楼、防保传染科、血防大楼，在岗职工２１人，其中临床医师７人，护理助产６人。正在乡卫生院输液的邱让遥老人患有晚期血吸虫病和肝硬化，他告诉记者，由于参加了新农合，现在看病吃药都有报销，负担比以前小多了。

    Located in the central of the new county jiangxi province lake south rocky township，May every year to September the qualities，Will be the vast around the lake，Transportation extremely inconvenient。Before the establishment of the new China for schistosomiasis flood，Island ray、zhang、clock、W four large family has JueHu，At that time was called“Athel loren island”。That is the way the lake，Now also improve the diagnosis and treatment of institutions。South los township public health center covers an area of 3359 square meters，With outpatient service building、FangBao dr. Irus、Lake building，On-the-job worker 21 people，Which clinicians seven，Nursing birth six people。Is the high places of infusion township public health center for remote old man had advanced schistosomiasis and cirrhosis of the liver，He told reporters，Because the new farming to close，Now take medicine doctor have to submit an expense account，Burden than before more than small。

    医改三年，重点在基层，成效也在基层。全国乡镇卫生院、村庄卫生室和城市社区医疗机构硬件设施得到根本改善，彻底摆脱了“房倒人散”窘境。基本药物制度、基层公共卫生服务体系等一系列长效制度开始确立，效果正不断显现。

    Cure of the three years，In the primary key，Results also in the primary。The national rural hospitals、Village clinic and urban community medical institutions hardware facilities have the basic improvement，Completely out of the“Room pour people scattered”dilemma。System for basic drugs、Grassroots public health service system and a series of long-term system starts to establish，Results are constantly revealed。

    

    削山：让亿万患者走出“因病致贫”梦魇 Cut mountain：Let out of millions of patients“Become financially-difficult or”nightmare

    山还是那座大山，云还是那样的云。但在青海省贵南县麻什干村党支部书记洛托眼中，过去承载的是忧伤，现在看到的是风景。

    Mountain or the mountain，Cloud or that cloud。But in qinghai province from shagou hemp assorted dry village party branch secretary "los eyes，In the past the load bearing is sad，See now is the scenery。

    洛托说，附近洛加村有个叫桑杰太的牧民，１４年前家里有９００多只羊、７０多头牦牛。一只羊１０００多元，一头牦牛１万多元，这是多么大的家业。但因为女儿生病，桑杰太几乎卖光了牛羊，耗尽了家财，最终女儿也没能保住。

    Torre said los，There is a village near los added that SangJie too herders，14 years ago home more than 900 sheep、More than 70 yak。A sheep 1000 multivariate，A yak 10000 multivariate，This is how big of possessions。But because the daughter sick，SangJie too almost sold out cattle and sheep，Run out of the house，Finally she didn't keep。

    洛托一声长叹后语气变得舒朗：“当时没有现在的好政策。我们村的任青加，去年查出癌症，新合农报销、大病救助、民政救助、群众捐款，前后花了４万元，个人负担不足１０％。”７１岁的桑吉当周接过话茬：“这样的好政策，自己经常以为是做梦，这是真的吗？现在想得最多的是，多活几年，多享清福。”

    Los give a voice came to become ShuLang after tone：“Now at that time no good policy。We RenQing add the village，Last year found cancer，New and agriculture to submit an expense account、Serious illness relief、Civil administration relief、Masses donations，Before and after cost 40000 yuan，Less than 10% of individual responsibility。”The 71-year-old sanjay week took us：“Such a good policy，I often thought it was a dream，Is it true?？Now want to most was，More years to live，Do more。”

    黑龙江省抚远县是最早将太阳迎进祖国的地方。这个县寒葱沟镇东岗村农民宫喜文说，孩子宫俊奇得了软骨病到处求医，通过新农合、大病救助和民政救济，目前累计补偿１．２万元，家里没有“因病致贫”。去年１２月份的统计数据显示，黑龙江省基层医疗卫生机构门急诊次均费用同比下降１５．４％，住院次均费用同比下降２１．７％，患者在基层就医享受到更多实惠，对医改表现出极大赞同和拥护。

    Heilongjiang province FuYuanXian is the earliest will face into the sun of the motherland place。The county cold green channel town east by the GongXi said，Children GongJunJi got RuanGuBing doctor everywhere，Through the new farming and、A serious illness aid and home remedies，At present accumulative total compensation of 12000 yuan，Home not“Become financially-difficult or”。December's statistics show，Basic medical and health institutions in heilongjiang province this second all costs 15.4% year-on-year drop，Hospital second all costs 21.7% year-on-year drop，In patients with primary medical treatment to enjoy more affordable，To cure showed great agree with and support。

    三年医改，全国各地都在探索建立重特大疾病保障制度。青海省海南藏族自治州副州长董杰人介绍，青海已将保障病种从４种扩大到１５种，并建立了癌症等重大疾病保障和医疗救助机制，全省个人卫生支出比例由４５％下降到３０％，困难群众重大疾病报销比例提高到９５％以上。“医疗大山虽没有被完全搬走，至少削去了一大半。”他说。

    Cure of the three years，All over the country do not set up in exploring disease security system。Hainan Tibetan autonomous prefecture of qinghai province deputy governor DongJie introduced，Qinghai has will guarantee from 4 kinds of diseases expanded to 15，And a major diseases such as cancer and guarantee the medical relief mechanism，The proportion of personal health spending dropped from 45% to 30%，The difficult people major disease reimbursement ratio raises 95% above。“Although medical dashan is not completely removed，At least to cut by more than half。”He said。

我国医改实现阶段性目标 建成世界最大医保体系 Our country realize medical progress goal into the world's largest medical insurance system