炼就“慧眼”迎神舟 tempers“eye”Meet the shenzhou
——记中国电子科技集团公司第22研究所搜救设备研制课题组 -just remember China electronics technology group corporation search and rescue equipment research institute of 22 group

    新华社北京８月１１日电（张云）神舟九号飞船成功降落内蒙古四子王旗后，搜救分队精准发现目标、迅速抵达落点，创下飞船回收搜救的新纪录。这一纪录的背后，是中国电子科技集团公司第２２研究所着陆场系统搜救设备研制课题组炼就的“慧眼”功劳。

    Beijing, aug. 11 (Reuters)（Rakwar j）Nine spacecraft shenzhou success after landing SiZiWangQi Inner Mongolia，Search and rescue by precise found that goal、Quickly arrived in placement，Set a new record of the search and rescue shuttle recovery。This record behind，Is China electronics technology group corporation, search and rescue equipment ZhaoLiuChang 22 system research group earned“eye”credit。

    （一）

    （a）

    飞船着陆后，能否在最短时间内发现目标并实施救援，对航天员和飞船的安全至关重要。

    Spacecraft landed，Can in the shortest possible time found that target and implement the rescue，The safety of the ship to the astronauts and is very important。

    １９９７年，专门从事电波特性研究的第２２研究所承担起了自主研发载人航天工程“着陆场短波定向仪和短波通信设备”的任务。

    1997 years，Specialized in research institute of waves characteristics 22 assume the independent research and development of the manned space engineering“ZhaoLiuChang short-wave directional instrument and shortwave communication equipment”task。

    短波定向仪和短波通信设备肩负着陆场区与航天员实施短波双向通话和快速寻找返回舱、引导车队救援航天员的重任，是着陆场系统搜救飞船时锁定目标的“眼睛”。

    Short wave directional instrument and shortwave communication equipment has ZhaoLiuChang area and the astronauts implement two-way conversation and quick look shortwave capsule、Lead the team rescue the burden of astronauts，Is ZhaoLiuChang system when the search and rescue shuttle target“eyes”。

    任务艰巨，包括设计、器材采购、加工、调试、试验等诸多环节均要在１３个月内完成。此后一年多，这个所的技术人员几乎每天加班加点，全部放弃了节假日。定向仪总设计师戴鹿村经常每天只睡３到４个小时，即便是在病床上，图纸也仍放在枕边。

    task，Including design、Equipment sourcing、processing、debugging、Test and so on many link is in 13 months to complete。After more than a year，This technology personnel working overtime almost every day，Give up all the holidays。Directional apparatus total designer wear deer village often sleep only 3 to 4 hours，Even in a hospital bed，Drawing on the bed still。

    为做出性能优良的设备，技术负责人苗建苏熬了无数个不眠之夜后，最终掌握了先进的ＤＳＰ技术，完成了预定程序设计，为我国第一台定向仪的研制奠定了技术基础。

    To make good performance of equipment，Technology of building Sue stayed up the countless seedling after a sleepless night，Eventually master advanced DSP technology，Completed the program design reservation，For our country the first directional gauge developed established。

    在反复试验和不断改进后，２２所按时拿出样机并通过鉴定。与会专家一致认为，设备指标达到或超过技术任务书的要求，达到了国外同类产品的先进水平。

    In the trial and the continuous improvement，22 out prototype and through the appraisal on time。The experts agree，Equipment index to meet or exceed the requirements of technical specification，Reach the advanced level of the same products abroad。

    中国人从此有了自己陆上搜救的“眼睛”，在神舟飞船回收搜救中屡建奇功。

    Chinese people from now have their land search and rescue“eyes”，In the shenzhou spacecraft recovery in search and rescue repeatedly expressed built。

    （二）

    （two）

    海上回收是确保飞船安全返回的重要手段之一。由于海上环境的特殊性，飞船搜索回收的难度比陆上更大。

    Sea is to ensure that the shuttle back safe recovery of one of the important methods。Because of the particularity of the Marine environment，Shuttle search the difficulty of the recovery than land more。

    ２００１年３月，２２所承担起船载电子定向仪的攻关任务。

    March 2001，22 assume the boat electronic instrument research task of orientation。

    对于能否实现较远距离的准确定向定位这一问题，专家之间存在分歧，有的甚至认为海上电子定向仪作用距离不超过５公里。

    For the greater distance can realize the directional orientation this problem accurately，There is difference between experts，Some even think sea electronic directional instrument is no more than 5 km range。

    ２００２年５月，一场低海况综合试验展开。１７日１２时３４分，装备了２２所新研制船载电子定向仪的“南救５０６号”向大海深处驶去。

    May 2002，A low comprehensive test on sea conditions。17 12 when 34 points，Equipped with 22 new developed electronic directional instrument of the boat“South save no. 506”Deep below the sea to the river。

    １公里、２公里……５公里到了，定向仪信号稳定，死死盯住目标不放，守候在定向仪周围的人们松了一口气。

    1 km、2 kilometers......5 kilometers to，Directional instrument signal stability，Simply put on the target，Waiting in the people around directional instrument breathed a sigh of relief。

    行至５０公里后，定向仪依然工作稳定，指挥长仍决定继续前行，并增加了重复开机、增加干扰等试验。

    Step to 50 km after，Directional instrument still work stable，ZhiHuiChang decided to move on，And increases the repeat boot、Increase the interference。

    仔细观察了各数据的显示情况后，技术人员作出结论：这项试验中定向仪的最大作用距离为１４２．６公里。

    Observing the various data display situation，Technical personnel concluded：The test is in the greatest function of the directional distance of 142.6 kilometers。

    船载电子定向仪从神舟二号开始装备使用，在历次海上演练和模拟搜救中均出色完成任务。

    The boat is electronic directional from the shenzhou number two began to equipment use，In many times in the sea drilling and simulation are super job search and rescue。

    （三）

    （three）

    从神舟一号到神舟六号，我国采用的是“地面为主，空中为辅”的搜救模式，但空中直升机的机载定向仪在技术和功能上并不完善。

    From the shenzhou 1 to the shenzhou vi，Our country is used“Ground give priority to，Supplemented by the air”Search and rescue mode，But the air of the airborne helicopter directional instrument technique and function is not perfect。

    为进一步提高搜救效率，２００８年１月，２２所开始研制国产机载定向仪，以实现“空中搜救航天员，地面处置返回舱”的回收搜救方案。

    In order to further enhance the search and rescue efficiency，January 2008，22 began to develop domestic airborne directional instrument，In order to realize“The air search and rescue the astronauts，The ground return capsule disposal”Recovery of search and rescue plan。

    受气象、地形地貌等因素影响，返回舱着陆的姿态往往会发生倾斜或倾倒。一旦出现这种状态，定向仪收到的信号就会发生极化变异，如果不采取应对措施，则可能信号偏弱甚至无法收到信号，从而给搜索搜救带来困难。

    By meteorological、Topography and other factors，The capsule landing gesture often in tilt or dump。Once appear this kind of state，Directional instrument signal will happen received polarization variation，If you don't take responsive measures，May signal weak can't even received signal，Thus to search search and rescue difficult。

    尽管对困难有一定的思想准备，但研制过程中遇到的技术难题还是大大超出了技术人员的预想，他们不得不选择多个技术方案逐个进行试验。

    Despite difficulties to have certain mental preparation，But research encountered in the process of technical problems or technical personnel more than anticipated，They had to choose multiple technical plan carry on the test。

    机载超短波定向仪的总设计师李旭记得，那是他科研生涯中最难熬的一个阶段。

    Airborne ultrashort wave general designer of the directional instrument LiXu remember，That is his career in the scientific research of the hardest stages。

    为了突破机载定向仪的关键技术，李旭带领项目组共同战斗在条件艰苦的野外，即便是回到办公室，他也很少回家休息。实在累了，就在沙发上和衣而卧。

    In order to break through the key technology of airborne directional instrument，LiXu lead project team to the fight in the hard conditions of field，Even if is to return to the office，He rarely go home and rest。Really tired，In the sofa dress but lie。

    努力和汗水终于得到回报。经过一年多艰苦攻关，机载超短波定向仪的研制工作取得了决定性胜利。２２所研发出比进口定向仪功能更为齐全、技术更为先进的机载定向仪，可以确保飞船返回舱落地后在不同姿态下都能被准确定位。

    Efforts and sweat finally rewarded。After more than a year of hard research，Airborne ultrashort wave directional gauge developed work won a decisive victory。22 developed than imported directional instrument function more complete、Technology more advanced airborne directional instrument，Can ensure that ships after landing capsule in different attitude can be accurate positioning。

    中国航天返回搜救技术迈入一个崭新阶段。

    China's space to return to search and rescue technology entering a new phase。