要保“起飞” 更要保“落地” To the“Take off” More to the“landing”
——民间资本进入我国民航领域进展综述 -folk capital into the field in China's civil aviation progress and reviewed in this paper

    新华社北京８月１３日电（记者钱春弦）中国民航局有关负责人在接受记者采访时表示，在国务院出台“新３６条”之后，民航局迅速研究落实意见，并出台了第一份部门实施细则。目前民间资本已经进入除空管以外的所有领域，有些已发挥主体作用。

    Beijing, aug. 13 (Reuters)（Reporter QianChun string）Chinese civil aeronautics administration relevant person in charge when accepting a reporter to interview said，In the state council issued“Article 36 the new”after，Civil aeronautics administration quickly implement opinion research，And on the first detailed rules for the implementation of the department。At present has entered into the private capital in all areas outside the station，Some already play a main role。

    取消各种门槛 放宽市场准入 Cancellation of threshold relax market access

    自２００５年国务院发布“３６条”以来，民航局积极清理不利于民间资本进入的各项规定，鼓励民间资本以独资、控股、参股等方式，投资经营公共航空运输、通用航空、航空维修、航空燃油供应、航空地面服务、航空培训学校、航空客货运输销售代理等。

    Promulgated by the state council since 2005“Article 36”since，Civil aeronautics administration actively clearing against private capital into the regulations，Encourage private capital to wholly owned、holding、Equity participation way such as，Investment management public air transport、General aviation、Aviation maintenance、Aviation fuel supply、Aviation ground service、Aviation training school、Airline passenger transportation marketing agency, etc。

    对具有自然垄断性质的机场，支持民营资本和外资以参股的方式进入。在放宽投资准入的同时，对各类所有制民用航空企业的管理政策实行同等待遇，既打碎了针对民间资本的“玻璃门”，又拆除了“弹簧门”。

    To have natural monopoly of the airport，Support private capital and foreign participation in shareholding the way to enter。In relaxing investment access at the same time，For all kinds of civil aviation enterprise management of the ownership of the policy equal treatment，Both broke for private capital“Glass door”，And the dismantling of the“DanHuangMen”。

    政策实施以来，民间资本投资热情得到极大激发。目前我国具有独立法人资格的航空公司总计４６家，其中民营及民营控股航空公司１０家。相继引入民间资本共计７２４亿元。其中，“新３６条”发布后，新设民营航空公司吸引民间资本１５亿元；现有民营企业通过扩大生产，资产增加２３９亿元；在国有企业改制重组中积极引入民间资本。截至２０１１年底，民航企业改制上市融资吸引民间资本２１２亿元，带动资产增加４７０亿元。

    Policy since the implementation of，Folk capital investment enthusiasm get stimulated。At present our country has an independent legal personality of the airlines in total forty-six，One private and private holding airlines 10。Successively introduced into folk capital totaling 72.4 billion yuan。Among them，“Article 36 the new”After releasing，The newly established private airlines attract private capital 1.5 billion yuan；Existing private enterprise by expanding production，Assets of up to $23.9 billion；In the state-owned enterprise restructuring to introduce in private capital。By the end of 2011，Civil aviation enterprise restructuring listing attract private capital 21.2 billion yuan，Drive the assets of up to $47 billion。

    要保“起飞” 更要保“落地” To the“Take off” More to the“landing”

    民间资本进入后能否生存，是检验鼓励和支持政策是否动真格的重要标准。民航局做好跟踪督查，促进各项政策“落地生根”。 民航局在第一时间出台落实国务院“新３６条”实施细则，为跟踪落实情况，今年４月又专门下发督促落实的通知，组织开展了现场调研和检查。

    Private capital into survival after，Encourage and support the policy is to check whether the important than standard。Civil aeronautics administration make tracking superintendent himself，Promotes each policy“Take root”。 Civil aeronautics administration under the state council issued in the first time out“Article 36 the new”Detailed rules for the implementation of the，For tracking the implementation，In April this year and specialized issued the notice of the urge implement，Organized the field investigation and inspection。

    目前，民营航空公司经营国内２５５条航线，每周安排４３５１个航班；经营港澳台地区航线８条，１３６个航班；经营日本、韩国等国际航线１１条，４３个航班。涉及北京、上海、广州等２１个旅客吞吐量１０００万以上机场的航线，基本都有民营航空运输企业运营。

    At present，Private airline operates 255 domestic routes，Arrange 4351 flights a week；Article 8 airline business in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan，136 flights；Business Japan、South Korea and other international routes article 11，43 flight。In Beijing、Shanghai、Guangzhou 21 throughput of 10 million or above of airport passenger flights，Basic have private air transport enterprise operation。

    机场时刻资源日趋饱和，为保障民营航空顺利成长，华北、华东地区管理局给予奥凯在天津，春秋、吉祥在上海的基地公司待遇，享受时刻分配优先权。目前民营航空在华北地区的石家庄、天津机场的航班比例都超过３０％；春秋、吉祥在虹桥机场的航班比例约占２１％，在浦东机场占１２．５％。中南地区管理局在深圳机场时刻增加时，优先考虑引进三家民营航空。在二三线城市都给予民营航空适当的政策倾斜，民营航空飞机日平均利用率都在９小时以上。

    The airport moment resource is saturated，To guarantee the private airlines smooth growth，North China、The east China area administration give Mr Kay in tianjin，Spring and autumn、Lucky in Shanghai of base company treatment，Enjoy the moment distribution priority。At present the private airlines in north China of shijiazhuang、Tianjin airport flight ratio over 30%；Spring and autumn、Lucky in hongqiao airport flight ratio of about 21%，In pudong airport accounted for 12.5%。Zhongnan district administration in shenzhen airport moment increases，Preferred introduce three private airlines。In two to three lines city private airlines appropriate policy tilt，Private airlines plane daily average utilization in more than nine hours。

    此外，民营航空企业中，飞机引进速度年均增长最快的达到１６５％，最低的为２０％，远高于行业平均１２．７％的速度。在财税政策扶持方面，对包括民间投资在内的各类投资主体同等对待。

    In addition，Private aviation enterprise，The average annual growth of the fastest speed introduction of up to 165%，The lowest for 20%，Far higher than industry averages 12.7% speed。In the finance and tax policy support，Private investment, including all kinds of the main body of investment treated equally。

    通过以上几个方面的努力，民营航空保持快速增长势头。近三年来，民营航空公司资产规模年均增长７８％，同期国有航空公司资产年均增长１５％；民营航空公司主营收入年均增长５２％，同期国有航空公司主营收入年均增长１８％。

    Through the above aspects of efforts，Private airlines maintain the fast growth momentum。Nearly three years in，Private airlines asset scale with an average annual growth rate of 78%，State-owned airlines assets in the same period the average annual growth of 15%；Private airlines main income with an average annual growth rate of 52%，State-owned airlines from main income with an average annual growth rate of 18%。

    发挥民间资本在产业结构调整中的独特作用 Play folk capital in the industrial structure adjustment to the unique function

    目前，民营资本在通用航空、航空器维修等领域十分活跃，增长较快。

    At present，Private capital in general aviation、Aircraft maintenance etc is very active，Is growing rapidly。

    通用航空是民航产业的重要组成部分，市场潜力巨大，是国民经济新的增长点。截至２０１２年７月底，全国持有通用航空经营许可证的企业共有１４０家，其中民营企业１０３家，占７３．６％。２０１０年新成立民营通用航空８家，２０１１年新成立１７家，今年上半年新成立１６家。２０１１年，民营通航企业营业收入增长了６２％，高于行业平均水平３０个百分点；民营通航企业资产规模增长了４０％，高于行业平均水平２４个百分点。

    General aviation is an important part of the civil aviation industry，Market potential is tremendous，Is the national economic growth point。As of the end of July 2012，The general aviation operating permit holding enterprise has 140，The private enterprise of 103，73.6%。In 2010 the new established private general aviation 8 home，In 2011 the new established and home，In the first half of this year new established 16 home。2011 years，Private navigation enterprise business revenue grew 62%，Greater than the industry average of 30%；Private navigation enterprise asset scale growth was 40%，Greater than the industry average of 24%。

    目前国内民用航空器维修单位３８０家，其中除了国有航空公司的维修单位外，其他的独立维修单位中绝大部分由民营资本参与经营。民营企业在民航维修业中前景良好，在国内维修单位中所占比重呈现逐年增长的趋势。目前民营企业在国内维修单位中占比达到２４．１％。

    At present domestic civil aircraft maintenance 380 unit，One of the state-owned airline except the service units，Other independent maintenance unit, most of the private capital by participating in management。The private enterprise in civil aviation maintenance in prospect，In domestic service units of the proportion of the trend has been increasing year after year。At present in the domestic private enterprises in the unit maintenance reached 24.1%。

    我国民航从仅有１家飞行学校，发展到现在的１０家，其中一半是民营投资。更多学校也在积极筹备中。

    In China's civil aviation from only one home flight school，Development to the present 10，Half of them private investment。More schools are preparing。