三峡防洪不存在“上下为难” The three gorges flood control does not exist“Fluctuation difficult”
——长江水利委员会主任蔡其华直面三峡防洪热点问题 The Yangtze river water resources commission director-CaiJiHua face to face with the three gorges flood control hot issue

    新华社武汉７月３１日电（记者皮曙初、林晖）在成功迎击７月份以来的连续较大洪峰袭击后，三峡水库连日来将下泄流量加大至４．５万立方米每秒左右，以腾出防洪库容，备战上游再次来水。有舆论认为，三峡水库调度“上也为难，下也为难”。即减少下泄，上游防汛形势紧张；加大下泄，中下游防洪压力增加。

    The xinhua news agency on July 31, wuhan（PiShu reporters at the beginning of、LinHui）In the fight against our success since July for the larger after the attack on the peak，The three gorges reservoir in recent days will increase to 45000 cubic meters analyzed about per second，To make the capacity of the flood control，Prepare for the upstream water again。There are Suggestions that，Three gorges reservoir regulation“Also difficult，Are difficult”。Which reduced the release of，The flood control situation nervous；Increase or，The flood control and pressure increases。

    对此，长江防汛抗旱总指挥部常务副总指挥、长江水利委员会主任蔡其华在接受新华社记者专访时表示，面对今年的洪水量级和类型，通过实施科学调度，截至目前，“总体来讲上下都不难，都在防控之中”。

    this，The Yangtze river flood control and drought relief headquarters standing deputy commander in chief、The Yangtze river water resources commission director CaiJiHua in an interview with xinhua news agency said，Facing this year's flood level and type，Through the implementation of scientific scheduling，So far，“General and everyone is not difficult，In the prevention and control”。

  

    三峡拦洪不是重庆水位升高主因   The three gorges LanHong chongqing higher water is not possible

    记者：今年重庆遭遇严重洪涝，寸滩水位最高达到１８６．７９米。有人质疑是不是三峡工程加重了上游的防洪负担，“保武汉就要淹重庆”。     reporter：Chongqing this year have suffered a serious flood，"The highest water level of 186.79 meters。Some question the three gorges project is increasing the flood control of the upper reaches of the burden，“The wuhan will be flooded chongqing”。

    蔡其华：这是对三峡工程的误读，重庆被淹与三峡水库回水没有关系。

    CaiJiHua：This is on the three gorges project misread，Chongqing are flooded and three gorges reservoir backwater no relationship。

    重庆寸滩水位高涨，是因为在重庆下游的铜锣峡十分狭窄，大水时会产生壅高２０多米。所以，三峡水库拦洪时，坝前水位虽有升高，但对重庆水位的影响不大，甚至没有影响。重庆水位升高主要是金沙江、岷江及嘉陵江来水及铜锣峡峡口壅水所致。

    Chongqing inch beach high water level，Because in chongqing downstream of the gorge is very narrow causeway，The waters can produce more than 20 meters high warm。so，The three gorges reservoir LanHong，Water level before dam though there is increased，But to chongqing water level of the impact is not big，Even without the influence。Chongqing higher water is the main river、Minjiang river and the jialing river water and causeway gorge caused by the throat backwater。

    今年７月，长江上游遭遇强降雨，金沙江、岷江、沱江来水急剧增加，多条支流洪峰严重遭遇，宜宾至寸滩河段全线超保证水位，朱沱站２３日２３时洪峰水位２１７．０４米，超过１９６６年９月２日的历史最高水位２１６．３１米。

    July，There is heavy rain in the upper reaches of Yangtze river，jinshajiang、Minjiang river、Inflow of small has increased dramatically，Many tributaries serious flood peak experience，Yibin to inch river super guarantee all of water level，ZhuTuo standing 23, when the water level 217.04 meters and flood peak，More than 1966 years of history on September 2 highest level 216.31 meters。

    但是，三峡水库的调度必须统筹考虑上下游防洪需要。长江宜昌站多年平均径流量是４４５０亿立方米，汛期来水量占年平均来水的６０％－７０％，而三峡水库防洪库容２２１．５亿立方米，不足来水量的十分之一。所以一定要根据长江上下游的水情和防汛形势，来实时调节洪水的时空分布。

    but，The three gorges reservoir scheduling must be considered upstream and downstream flood control needs。The Yangtze river yichang station years of average runoff is 445 billion cubic meters，Flood season of average annual amount of coming water from the 60%-70%，And the three gorges reservoir flood capacity of 22.15 billion cubic meters，One over ten of the amount of insufficient。So be sure to according to the Yangtze river upstream and downstream water and flood control situation，To adjusting of the temporal and spatial distribution of the flood。

    洪水到来之前，三峡水库加大泄水、腾出库容，降到汛限水位１４５米，汛期按照“蓄泄兼筹、以泄为主”的方针，兼顾左右岸，协调上中下游。当上游来水大而下游水位高时，三峡水库拦蓄洪水；下游退水后三峡水库要把拦蓄的洪水尽快下泄，腾空库容迎战下一轮洪水。

    Before the arrival of the flood，The three gorges reservoir discharge more water、Spare capacity，Flood limit water level to 145 m，Flood season, according to“Storage and discharge and raise、Give priority to discharge”policy，ZuoYouAn both，Coordination on middle and lower reaches。As upstream and downstream water big high water level，Use of the three gorges reservoir flood；The three gorges reservoir water downstream back after the use of the flood of the release of as soon as possible，The capacity of the suspension against the next round of flooding。

    三峡水库百年后还有８６％的防洪库容     The three gorges reservoir after one hundred years and 86% capacity of the flood control

    记者：有人担心，泥沙淤积会不会影响三峡水库的防洪库容和使用寿命     reporter：Some worry that the，Sediment deposition will affect the capacity of the three gorges reservoir flood control and service life？

？

    蔡其华：只要按照设计要求排沙，即便不考虑上游建库调度对泥沙的影响，三峡水库百年后还有８６％的防洪库容可为子孙后代所用。

    CaiJiHua：As long as you follow the design requirements and sand，Even if don't consider the reservoir regulation to build on sediment，The three gorges reservoir after one hundred years and 86% capacity of the flood control can be used for future generations。

    三峡水库泥沙调节采用“蓄清排浑”的调度运用方式：在汛期来沙多的季节降低库水位运用，即将坝前水位控制在较低的汛限水位；汛末少沙时期水库蓄水，将坝前水位逐步抬高至正常蓄水位。

    Sediment is adjusted by the three gorges reservoir“Storage of clear water and discharge from the”The operation mode：In flood season to season of sand more reduce water use library，Is water level before dam control in low flood limit water level；At the end of the sin less sand reservoir impounding period，The water level before dam gradually raise to normal storage level。

    在近几年的三峡水库防洪调度中，充分考虑了排水走沙问题。今年７月份长江上游发生的三次洪水过程中，控制三峡水库日均下泄流量４２万立方米每秒至４．３万立方米每秒，最大排沙比为３０％以上，平均排沙比２０％以上，基本达到了设计要求，有效减少了水库泥沙淤积。

    In the three gorges reservoir flood operations，The full consideration of the drainage go sand problem。In July this year the upper Yangtze river happened three times during the flood，Control of the three gorges reservoir analyzed the average daily 420000 cubic meters per second to 43000 cubic meters per second，The biggest row aggregate of 30%，An average of more than 20% shabbethai the row，Basic meet the design requirements，Effectively reduce sediment deposition in the reservoir。

    作为当今世界最大的水利枢纽工程，也是治理和开发长江的关键性骨干工程，做好三峡工程防洪调度，必须把握防洪、走沙和河道正常发育三个关键。

    As the world's largest water control project engineering，Is management and development of the Yangtze river key key projects，To flood control operation of the three gorges project，Must grasp the flood control、Go sand and river normal development of three key。

    三峡水库的防洪库容每１亿立方米是用４．５亿元换来的，淤掉一立方米就会永久地失去一立方米。在中下游没有防洪需求时，要加大水库泄量排浑走沙，减少泥沙淤积，并适当利用汛期洪水，泄放超过平滩水位的流量，以免长期洪水不上滩，造成河床萎缩，影响河道的泄流能力。

    Of the three gorges reservoir flood control capacity of 100 million cubic meters with each is 450 million yuan of change，Silting off a cubic meters will be permanent loss of a cubic meters。In the middle and lower reaches no flood control requirements，To increase the reservoir discharge of muddy row go sand，Reduce sediment deposition，And the appropriate utilization of flood periods，Bleeder more than flat beach water level of flow，To avoid long-term flood not on the beach，Cause riverbed atrophy，Influence of river discharge capacity。

    由于长江汛期持续时间长，且长江上游大洪水大多发生在７月下旬至８月上旬，对于长江干流警戒水位以下的洪水，在未出现较大险情时，尽可能依靠河道下泄，使三峡水库留有一定的防洪库容以防御可能发生的大洪水。

    Because of the Yangtze river flood season lasted for a long time，And the upper reaches of Yangtze river flood occurs mostly in late July and early August，For the Yangtze river mainstream the warning level of the flood，In not appear larger danger，On the release of river as far as possible，Make three gorges reservoir flood control capacity with have certain defensive possible floods。

  

    科学调度避免“三峡空库晒太阳，下游万人上堤防”   Science scheduling avoid“The three gorges empty library the sunshine，Ten thousand people on the downstream dikes”

    记者：这几年三峡工程是否取得了显著的防洪效益？     reporter：This years three gorges project is achieved significant flood control efficiency？

    蔡其华：如果还原为无三峡水库时的洪水过程，按照新中国成立以来长江中下游堤防加固和三峡水库建设的投资比例分摊计算，三峡水库工程２０１０年的防洪经济效益为２６６．３亿元。今年，在完成防洪任务的同时，借助洪水带来的高水头和大流量，三峡工程３２台巨型发电机组连续１０多天满负荷发电，日均发电量在５．４亿千瓦时左右。

    CaiJiHua：If reduction for the three gorges reservoir is the flood process，According to since the founding of the middle and lower Yangtze three gorges reservoir dyke reinforcement and construction investment proportion computation，The three gorges reservoir project of the 2010 flood control economic benefits for 26.63 billion yuan。This year，Finish the task in flood control at the same time，With the flood bring high water head and large flow，The three gorges project and a giant generator for 10 days full load power generation，Average daily capacity of about 540 million kilowatt hours of electricity in。

    尽管连续几年三峡工程通过科学调度取得显著防洪效益，但这些还只是中小洪水调度的有益尝试。今年的最大洪峰，如果按没有三峡工程还原，与１９９８年同时期洪峰流量相当，但强度要相差几个量级。

    Although successive years in the three gorges project through the scientific control of flood control achieve significant benefits，But these are only small and medium-sized flood dispatching the beneficial attempt。This year's biggest flood peak，If no reduction in the three gorges project，And 1998 in the same period a peak flow，But the strength to differ several category。

    三峡水库适当调蓄中小洪水，避免了一方面三峡水库低水位“晒太阳”，另一方面中下游防洪压力加大，形成千军万马上堤巡堤查险的局面。尽管这样需要承担一定的风险，但所产生的经济效益和社会效益巨大，为中下游节省了大量的防汛人力、物力，也为三峡适时走船、增发电量，实现洪水资源化。  

    The three gorges reservoir appropriate storage medium and small floods，To avoid the low water level of the three gorges reservoir on one hand“bask”，On the other hand, the flood control and pressures，Form an army dam dike on tour ZhaXian situation。Despite this need to take some risks，But produced great economic benefits and social benefits，For the middle and lower reaches can save them a lot of flood control and human、Material resources，Also for the three gorges ship go timely、Increase electricity，Realization of floodwater。