招生录取从一维走向多维——高考改革系列之四  Admission from a d to reform of the university entrance exam multidimensional-series four 

    新华社北京８月４日电（记者吴晶、茆琛）２０１２年，预计将有１００万名高中应届毕业生凭借高考部分科目成绩、高中学业水平考试成绩或职业技能测试等，提前领取高等职业学校的“入场券”。

    Beijing, aug. 4（Reporter WuJing、Chen trail）2012 years，Is expected to have 1 million high school graduates with the university entrance exam part subject result、High school level exam achievement or vocational skills test, etc，The higher vocational school in advance“tickets”。

    １００万，相当于高职招生总数的三分之一。曾经备受冷落的高职院校为此欢欣鼓舞：全新的招生录取方式，将为高素质技能型人才的培养带来不可估量的推动作用。

    1 million，Equivalent to one-third of the total number of higher vocational recruit students。Once the higher vocational colleges are left out in the cold for this jump for joy：The enrollment of new way，For high quality skilled talents training may bring immeasurable role。

    过去，高职院校招生录取被安排在三本录取批次后，即使一些办学质量良好的学校，也被归类为“差生集中营”，长期导致学生报考不情愿、学校招生不理想。

    In the past，Higher vocational colleges admission to be put in three this admission after batch，Even if some of the quality of good schools，Also is classified as“Difference concentration camp”，Long-term causes students to enter oneself for an examination reluctant、The school recruit students is not ideal。

    为了加快培养国家急需的高素质技能型人才，近年来，普通本科高校和高职教育试点开始进行分类考试，“知识＋技能”“高考＋会考”等新型考核办法，使技能型人才再不用被动地去挤“高考独木桥”。

    In order to speed up the training of the high quality of urgent need skilled talents，In recent years，Higher vocational education and ordinary undergraduate education pilot began to classify the exam，“Knowledge and skills”“The university entrance exam + will”And so on the new assessment method，Make skilled talents to need not passively to squeeze“The university entrance exam wooden bridge”。

    一个不可逆转的趋势是：在高等教育实现大众化目标后，高考改革面临的最紧迫任务已经转向如何更加科学地评价人才，从而更加合理地选拔人才。

    An inevitable trend is：In the higher education popularization after goal realization，The university entrance exam reform facing the most urgent task has turned to how to more scientific evaluation of the talented person，And be more reasonably selects talented person。

    ２０１２年，我国有的进入普通高中新课程实验的省份开始了一项新的改革探索：建立学业水平考试、综合素质评价和高考统一考试“三位一体”的综合评价体系。

    2012 years，Our country some get into the ordinary high school of new curriculum experiment province began a new exploration in reform：Establish academic level exam、The overall quality appraisal and the university entrance exam unified exam“trinity”The comprehensive evaluation system。

    “‘三位一体’的综合评价体系就是要试图破解素质教育和高考制度难以对接的这个怪圈。”教育部基础教育二司司长郑富芝说，长期以来，高校根据考生志愿填报情况，将高考成绩排序依次录取新生。这样的以升学考试科目分数简单相加作为唯一录取依据的做法，直接导致高考“一考定终身”的弊端，也使高中学校只重成绩不重素质，学生只求书本知识不求全面发展。

    “‘trinity’The comprehensive evaluation system is the quality education and to trying to interpret the university entrance exam system is hard to docking that trap。”The ministry of education foundation education two company priests ZhengFuZhi said，long，College students provided according to volunteer，The university entrance exam in turn will order entrance。Such to the entrance exam score simple addition subject as the only according to the practice of admission，Led directly to the university entrance exam“As a lifelong”The disadvantages of the，Also make the high school only heavy grade is not heavy quality，Students not only book knowledge comprehensive development。

    在这项改革中，学业水平考试由省级教育行政部门组织实施，统一命题、统一考试，是学生毕业的主要依据。考试内容是学生所学的主要学科，目的是考查学生是否达到国家规定的基本教学要求。综合素质评价是对学生发展的多个方面进行评价，主要包括基础性发展目标和学科学习目标两大方面。基础性发展目标包括道德品质、公民素养、学习能力、交流与合作能力、运动与健康、审美与表现六个方面。学科学习目标是各学科课程标准中列出的本学科学习的目标和各个学段学生应达到的目标。

    In the reform，Academic level by provincial education examination of the administrative departments of implementation，Unified proposition、Unified exam，Is the main basis of graduate students。The content is students' major disciplines，Purpose is to test students' meets the basic teaching requirements prescribed by the state。The overall quality appraisal is to the student development many aspects of evaluation，Mainly includes basic development goals and subject two aspects of learning goals。Basic development goals include moral quality、Citizen accomplishment、Ability to learn、Exchange and cooperation ability、Movement and health、The aesthetic and the performance six aspects。Discipline is the academic curriculum learning goals in the standard list of this discipline study goal and all learn section student should achieve。

    改革，并不是一蹴而就。涉及高考评价机制的改革，十分敏感，必须因地制宜，循序渐进。近年来，各地纷纷在“三位一体”的框架下，开展了评价机制改革探索。有的省份将高中学业水平考试成绩和学生综合素质评价结果提供给高校作为招生参考，有的省份把学业水平考试成绩折算为分数计入高考总分，如海南、江苏、云南、浙江等。

    reform，And not by leaps。The reform of college entrance examination evaluation mechanism involved，Very sensitive，Must adjust measures to local conditions，Step by step。In recent years，Many governments in the“trinity”Under the framework of，The evaluation mechanism for innovation。Some provinces will be high school level exam achievement and students' comprehensive quality evaluation results provide college enrollment as reference，Some provinces put your study level examination results translated into the university entrance exam score included in the total score，Such as hainan、jiangsu、yunnan、Zhejiang,。

    在郑富芝看来，理想的考试评价制度，应该实现“一手托两家”，既能满足高等学校对人才的选拔，又能始终引导中小学实施素质教育的方向。

    In ZhengFuZhi seems，The ideal examination evaluation system，Should realize“On hand to two”，Both can satisfy the higher school personnel selection，And can always to carry out the quality education of middle and primary school guide direction。

    意识到考试评价制度改革的积极意义，一些地方和学校在大胆开拓：中南大学２００７年在湖南省试点高考后进行面试综合测评录取，２０１１年该试点扩大至云南省；２００９年，山东临沂师范学院、山东政法学院两校４个专业在招生中，教授参与录取工作，学生综合素质评价结果成为录取重要指标；２０１１年，浙江工业大学、杭州师范大学和中国美术学院，首批试点将学业水平考试成绩、综合素质评价和高考成绩按一定比例合成综合成绩，择优录取，２０１２年，试点扩大到浙江省属１４所本科高校和３所高职院校……

    Realize that the evaluation system reform positive meaning，Some places and school in bold innovation：Central south university in hunan province in 2007 after the pilot college entrance examination interview comprehensive measuring and testing admitted，In 2011, the pilot to expand the yunnan province；2009 years，Shandong linyi normal school、Shandong institute of politics and law two school four professional in enrolment，Professor participate in the enrollment，Students' comprehensive quality evaluation results become an important index admitted；2011 years，Zhejiang university、Hangzhou normal university and China fine arts institute，The first pilot will educational level examination results、The overall quality appraisal and a certain proportion of the university entrance exam synthetic comprehensive results，According to admit，2012 years，Expand the trial to zhejiang provincial 14 undergraduate education and 3 vocational colleges......

    《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（２０１０－２０２０年）》提出要拓宽人才成长的道路。通过考试评价制度的改革，一个多元的、开放的人才评价体系正在积极探索中。

    《National long-term education reform and development plan outline（2010-2020）》Puts forward to want to broaden the talents of growth path。Through the reform of the system of the evaluation，A diverse、Open talent evaluation system are actively explore。

    瞄准拔尖创新人才选拔培养的高校自主招生范围和规模逐步增加。截至２０１１年，共有１６．５万人次获得自主选拔录取公示资格，实际录取约８．３万人。

    Aimed at top creative talents selection and cultivation of university autonomous enrolment scope and scale increasing。By the end of 2011，A total of 165000 people to be autonomous selection public admission qualification，The actual admission of about 83000 people。

    以专业需求为导向的高等职业教育入学考试形式愈发灵活：电子信息专业要考电脑基本操作，机械制造专业要看考生如何拆装玩具……有志于成为“蓝领”的学生可以充满自信地展示自己的优势和技能。

    With professional requirements for higher vocational education to the direction of entrance examination form more flexible：Electronic information professional should take an examination of computer basic operation，Machinery manufacturing professional to see how the examinee tear open outfit toys...Has aspirations to become“blue-collar”Students can be full of confidence to show their advantage and skills。

    教育部职业教育与成人教育司高职高专处处长范唯说，“让学生找到合适的学校，让学校找到合适的学生”已成为教育改革与发展的崭新方向。

    The ministry of education career education and adult JiaoYuSi vocational everywhere long FanWei said，“Let the students find the right school，Let the students find the right school”Education reform and development has become a new direction。

    ２０１１年６月，云南、海南两地考生在查询高考成绩时，也得到一份成绩分析报告单。这项被称为“云海工程”的考试评价改革引入了“非考试”的评价方式，如心理测验、问卷调查等，来对考生学科能力以外的素质进行评价。

    June 2011，yunnan、Both candidates in hainan university entrance exam inquires，Also receive a grade analysis report。This is called“Clouds engineering”The evaluation of reform introduced“The exam”Ways of evaluation，Such as psychological tests、Questionnaire investigation,，To the candidates subject ability outside of the literacy assessment。

    有专家评价说，这项改革使高考开始摆脱过去用一个分数来判定学生的缺憾，用更加科学的“三维”方式呈现出一个人才的优势与潜能。

    Have expert evaluation said，The university entrance exam began to get rid of the past to reform with a score to judge students be short of regret，Use a more scientific“3 d”Way to present a talent advantages and potential。

    多一把尺子，就多一批人才。由高考而延伸出的人才评价体系改革，正充分体现着《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（２０１０－２０２０年）》提出的未来方向——有利于科学选拔人才、促进学生健康发展、维护社会公平的原则。

    Many a ruler，Just another batch of talents。By the university entrance exam and extend a talent evaluation system reform，Is representing《National long-term education reform and development plan outline（2010-2020）》Put forward the direction of the future-conducive to scientific selects talented person、To promote the students' healthy development、Maintain the principle of social justice。