“6月份的那场大雨，虽然损失很严重，但所幸莫高窟的文物本体一点损毁都没有，只是冲坏了道路和桥梁”，樊锦诗告诉记者。日前，记者就敦煌莫高窟保护利用工程、“数字敦煌”的进展等问题，采访了敦煌研究院院长樊锦诗。说起敦煌石窟，这位74岁的老人滔滔不绝，“敦煌的年降水量不算大，不过为了防患于未然，我们将改造莫高窟前的桥梁，加固河道，以预防特大洪水。”

“The heavy rain in June，Although loss is very serious，But fortunately the mogao grottoes in the cultural relics are not a little damaged ontology，Just blunt bad roads and Bridges”，FanJinShi told reporters。a，Reporters were dunhuang mogao grottoes protection of engineering、“Digital dunhuang”Progress，Interviews with the dunhuang academy, FanJinShi。Speaking of dunhuang grottoes，The 74-year-old old man talking，“The dunhuang annual precipitation is not very much，But in order to prevent it，We will reform the bridge before the mogao grottoes，Reinforcement river，To prevent catastrophic floods。”

　　多头并进应对自然灾害

Bull in hand to natural disasters

　 “6月份的那场大雨，莫高窟文物本体一点损坏都没有”，樊锦诗两次对记者强调，“洪水冲毁的只是莫高窟前桥梁的栏杆和两处洞窟前的防洪堤栏杆”。风沙、岩体裂缝、地震、水灾，是敦煌石窟面临的几大自然灾害，“最讨厌的就是水”，樊锦诗说。

“The heavy rain in June，The mogao grottoes cultural relics are not a little damage to the body”，FanJinShi two emphasized to reporters，“Just before the floods the mogao grottoes of the bridge in two bars and caves before flood rail”。sandstorm、Rock crack、The earthquake、flood，Is facing the dunhuang grottoes a few nature disasters，“The most hated is water”，FanJinShi said。

　　地处沙漠边缘的敦煌莫高窟，千百年来遭受着风沙的侵蚀和危害。2011年底，莫高窟风沙防护工程完工。这个工程，形成了防沙障阻沙、沙生植物林带挡沙、草方格固沙和砾石压沙的综合防沙、治沙体系。“用综合措施挡沙、固沙、压沙，能减少70%的风沙，同时备有监测系统，可监测风的方向、大小等”，樊锦诗说，“对于崖体裂缝、地震等问题，均有相应的预测系统。”

Located in the edge of the desert dunhuang mogao grottoes，One thousand suffer from sand to erosion and harm。By the end of 2011，The mogao grottoes sandstorm protection was completed。The project，Formed the sand sand resistance、ShaSheng plant forest belt block sand、Grass square and gravel pressure fixing the comprehensive control sand、Transformation system。“Using comprehensive measures against sand、sand-fixation、Pressure sand，Can reduce 70% of the sandstorm，At the same time have monitoring system，Can monitor the direction of the wind、size”，FanJinShi said，“For cliff body crack、Problems such as earthquake，All have the corresponding forecast system。”

　　在樊锦诗看来，自然灾害中最讨厌的就是水。一方面是大气降水通过山体裂缝渗入洞窟，造成壁画、塑像的破坏。为此，科研人员一直在对崖体进行加固和防渗水整治，找到渗水的位置和方式，对症下药。另一方面是防洪硬件软件设施不完善，有可能导致洪水进入洞窟。“今年我们计划请水利专家，改造桥梁，加固河道，以防止特大洪水。”

In FanJinShi seems，Natural disaster in the most hated is water。On the one hand is precipitation infiltration cracks through a mountain caverns，Cause mural、The destruction of the statue。For this，Researchers have been to cliff body for strengthening and seepage control water regulation，Find the location of the water and the way，Suit the remedy to the case。On the other hand is flood control hardware and software facilities not perfect，Can lead to flood into the cave。“This year we plan please water conservancy expert，Transformation bridge，Reinforcement river，In order to prevent the great flood。”

　　“数字敦煌”依然缺钱

“Digital dunhuang”Still lack of money

　　今年两会期间，樊锦诗曾对媒体说过，“数字敦煌还是没有完成，钱还得继续"要"。2.6亿元的项目，国家拨款1.8亿，剩下的需要自筹。现在筹款情况如何？樊锦诗表示，资金一直在缺，我还是在不断地向国家要钱。

Two meetings this year during，FanJinShi had said to the media，“Digital dunhuang or is not complete，Money will have to continue"to"。260 million yuan project，State funding 180 million，The rest of the need to。Now how to raise money？FanJinShi said，Money has been lacking，I still continues to countries for money。

　　保护好的前提下，合理利用

Protect good premise，Reasonable use

　　文化遗产保护为主，还是利用为主，一直是文保界争议的话题。樊锦诗介绍，“保护好的前提下，合理利用”是我们对待敦煌石窟的核心精神。“同时，我们也致力于为游客创建更好的环境，提供更好的服务，让游客感觉不虚此行。”

Cultural heritage protection mainly，Or use as，WenBao world is always the subject of controversy。FanJinShi introduced，“Protect good premise，Reasonable use”Are we treat from dunhuang grottoes core spirit。“At the same time，We are committed to create a better environment for tourists，To provide better services，Let visitors feel regret it。”

　　敦煌研究院公布的数据显示，40个人进入洞窟参观半小时，洞窟内空气中的二氧化碳就会升高5倍，空气相对湿度上升10%，温度升高4摄氏度。为降低人为因素对石窟产生的破坏，莫高窟根据每个洞窟不同的情况，轮流开放。据了解，莫高窟的735个洞窟中，2012年正常开放洞窟40个，调节洞窟20个，特窟10个。“我们对洞窟的温度、湿度进行实时监测，一超标立刻关闭。”

The dunhuang cultural research institute figures show，40 people into the cave to visit and a half hours，Carbon dioxide from the air in the caves increases 5 times，Air relative humidity rose 10%，Temperature 4 degrees Celsius。In order to reduce the human factors on the destruction of the grottoes produce，The mogao grottoes according to different conditions in each caves，Take turns to open。According to understand，The mogao grottoes in the 735 caves，2012 normal open caves 40，Adjust caves 20，Grotto, 10。“Us to the temperature of the caves、Humidity to monitor，A overweight closed immediately。”

　　每年7月到9月是敦煌莫高窟的旅游旺季。樊锦诗介绍，莫高窟采用参观预约系统，对游客流量进行合理调控和平衡，在旺季时期，规划好旅游线路，让游客分组有序地参观。“做到既要保护好洞窟，又不能怠慢游客。现在日接待量已经控制在六、七千之内了。”

Each July to September is the dunhuang mogao grottoes tourist season。FanJinShi introduced，The mogao grottoes visit booking system，To visitors on the reasonable flow control and balance，In busy season period，Good planning tourist routes，Let visitors group orderly visit。“It will not only protect grotto，And can't snub tourists。Now, has control in six receipts、In seven thousand。”

　　在保护洞窟的同时，敦煌还尽力为游客创建更好的环境，提供更好的服务。比如改善栈道，修建防护措施，保障游客安全；为游客提供耳机，从而更好地听到导游的讲解；为游客提供通俗读物；培训讲解员，要求他们各个时代各个内容的壁画，都要为游客讲解到。“要让游客感到不虚此行”，樊锦诗说。

In the protection of the caves at the same time，Dunhuang try to create a better environment for tourists，To provide better services。Such as improving road，Built protective measures，Security visitors safe；To provide visitors with a headset，So as to better hear tour guide's explanation；To provide visitors with a popular literature；Training commentator，They all times each content requirements murals，It all for the visitors to explain。“Let visitors feel regret it”，FanJinShi said。

　　谈到社会上的自发捐助，樊锦诗感动不已。“一个在美国留学的17岁孩子，叫程牧，前段时间为我们捐3万元，把所有的零花钱都捐出来了。政协委员叶顺兴，动员香港新界社团联会再培训中心捐赠了100万。”樊锦诗特别提到饶宗颐先生，“在他的呼吁下，"香港敦煌之友"2010年在香港特别行政区政府注册成立，旨在为敦煌石窟的保护筹募经费。”据悉，“敦煌之友”2011年间为敦煌捐赠209元，“饶宗颐学术馆之友”捐赠131万元。

Talking about social spontaneous donations，FanJinShi deeply touched。“A study in the United States in the 17 years old children，Call ChengMu，Some time ago to contribute 30000 yuan for us，Put all the money donated all......。The Chinese people's political consultative conference shunxing leaves，Mobilization Hong Kong new community cib to training center donated 1 million。”Mr Rao zong-yi FanJinShi special mention，“In his call for，"Hong Kong friends of dunhuang"In 2010, the government of the Hong Kong special administrative region was registered，For the protection of dunhuang grottoes to raise money。”It is reported，“Dunhuang, friends of the”2011 donated 209 yuan to dunhuang，“Rao zong-yi academic museum of the friend”Donated 1.31 million yuan。

　　数字敦煌的进展如何？具体数字樊锦诗并没有去计算，“一直在不断地进行。我们的要求是，更加准确，清晰度更高。” 樊锦诗笑着对记者说：“数字敦煌预计明年年底完成，到时候我就不到处要钱了。”

Number of dunhuang progress？FanJinShi specific Numbers and did not go to calculation，“Has been constantly。Our requirement is，More accurate，More clear。” FanJinShi is laughing to say to the reporter：“Digital dunhuang is expected to finished by the end of next year，You don't everywhere for money。”