事态 things

正在“深入研究” are“In-depth study”

征收办法 Collection method

　　8月初，多家媒体报道，滇池准备向游客收取10元的生态保护费，消息一出，舆论哗然。

Early August，Many media reports，Dianchi lake are prepared to charge $10 visitors ecological protection money，News a，Public outcry。

　　据报道，6月15日，昆明市委、市政府向云南省政府汇报滇池水污染防治工作时，建议“对滇池流域2920平方公里范围内的五华、盘龙、官渡、西山、呈贡、晋宁6个县区的酒店、旅社入住者，按每人每天10元的标准，开征滇池生态资源补偿费。”此后，“开征滇池生态资源补偿费”被写入《云南省滇池保护条例(草案)》，草案要求“昆明市政府按规定程序履行报批手续”，但没有规定具体征收标准和征收人群。

According to the report，June 15,，Kunming municipal party committee、The municipal government of yunnan province government to report when the prevention and control of water pollution in dianchi lake，Suggestions“Dianchi lake watershed to 2920 square kilometers within the scope of the five degrees、panlong、guandu、xishan、ChengGong、Six jinning county hotel、Hotel check-in person，According to the standard of 10 yuan per person a day，Collecting the dianchi lake ecological resource compensation。”Since then，“Collecting the dianchi lake ecological resource compensation”Is written into《Regulations on the protection of dianchi lake in yunnan province(draft)》，The draft law requires“Kunming government in accordance with the prescribed procedures to perform approval formalities”，But there is no specific provisions of the collection standard and collection of the crowd。

　　7月27日，云南省十一届人大常委会三十二次会议上审议《云南省滇池保护条例(草案)》。一名不愿透露姓名的参会者透露给新华社记者，会议当天，昆明市政府一领导重申了上述收费办法。昆明市恳请云南省人大尽快颁布《云南省滇池保护条例》，支持昆明市开征滇池生态资源补偿费，恳请省发改委给予支持办理相关审批手续。在多家记者采访的时候，昆明市有关部门也表示，对滇池旅客征收生态保护费的想法是借鉴云南大理、玉溪等地收取湖泊治理资源保护费的做法，已提请省人大尽快颁布《云南省滇池保护条例》。

July 27,，Yunnan province of the 11th National People's Congress standing committee 32 meeting deliberation《Regulations on the protection of dianchi lake in yunnan province(draft)》。A did not wish to be named, said participants to the xinhua news agency reporters，The meeting the day，Kunming a government leader reiterated the above methods for fee collection。Kunming in yunnan province issued by National People's Congress will as soon as possible《Regulations on the protection of dianchi lake in yunnan province》，Support kunming dianchi lake in terms of ecological resource compensation，Provincial development and reform commission will give support to deal with relevant formalities for examination and approval。In several reporters interviewed，Kunming relevant departments also said，Dianchi lake ecological protection to passengers collection of reference idea is in Dali, yunnan province、Yuxi, collect lakes resources protection practice，Has a lot to issued as soon as possible《Regulations on the protection of dianchi lake in yunnan province》。

　　消息见报后，舆论一边倒地反对收费。自己污染，别人买单等质疑声不绝于耳。在巨大舆论压力下，昆明市政府副秘书长和丽川在新闻发布会上表示，昆明市将深入研究“滇池生态资源补偿费”的征收办法，包括征收方式、标准、对象、范围等，将严格按照程序召开听证会，广泛征求社会各界意见后，由市政府按照程序报批。“在今后的滇池保护治理工作中，将充分听取社会各界的意见和建议，进一步促进滇池保护和治理。”

News after China，Public opinion leans against charges。Their pollution，Others, such as the question sound can be heard。In the huge pressure of public opinion，Kunming government deputy secretary-general and li chuan in the press conference said，Kunming in-depth study“Dianchi lake ecological resource compensation”Collection method of，Including collection way、standard、object、Range, etc，Will be in strict accordance with a hearing procedure，Asked for a wide range of social from all walks of life advice，According to the program approval by the municipal government。“In the dianchi lake protection management work，Will fully listen to the views of the community and the suggestion，Further promote the dianchi protection and management。”

　　事情的发展，被网民们归结为“民意的胜利”，昆明市的表态看似收回了向游客收费、至少是直接收生态保护费的想法。

The development of things，Be people comes down to“The victory of the public opinion”，Kunming, the capital of the withdrawal of the statement seems charge tourists to、At least is directly accept the idea of ecological protection money。

追问1 Cross-examine 1

生态破坏不是旅游行为造成的 Ecological destruction is not caused by the travel behavior

凭啥游客买单？ 这是雁过拔毛！ By what the visitors？ This is YanGuoBaMao！

　　刘思敏(文化旅游专家，中国社会科学院旅游研究中心特约研究员，社会学博士)：就目前的情况来说，我不支持滇池向游客收生态资源保护费。从法理上讲，生态资源保护费用的征收应该遵循这样的原则：谁受益、谁交费，或者谁破坏、谁交费。在没有特定受益人或找不到特定破坏者的情况下，通常就是纳税人买单。

LiuSiMin(Cultural tourism experts，The Chinese academy of social sciences tourism research center special researcher，Dr sociology)：In the present case，I don't support to the dianchi lake tourist ecological resources protection money。Tell from legal principle，Ecological resources protection cost collection should follow such principles：Who benefit from、Who pay，Or who damage、Who pay。In no particular beneficiary beneficiary or can't find certain under the condition of the destroyer，Is usually pay taxpayers。

　　滇池生态破坏是一个事实，政府之前也一直在治理，但是其生态被破坏，相对来说，游客的责任是非常小的，甚至可以忽略，游客的旅游活动不是滇池生态被破坏的主要原因，不需要为滇池的生态破坏买单。

Dianchi lake ecological destruction is a fact，The government also has been before in management，But its ecological destruction，relatively，Tourists responsibility is very small，Even can ignore，Tourist activities dianchi lake ecological destruction is not the main reason，Don't need to pay the dianchi lake ecological destruction。

　　就算滇池的生态被破坏，有部分原因是游客的旅游活动造成的，那也是之前的游客造成的，后来到滇池的新游客并没有破坏滇池的行为，也没有享受到最好的滇池，没有受益却被要求交费，这也是不公平的。不是破坏的主因、也并非获益的主体，就让游客为滇池的生态补偿买单，这在法理上也是说不通的，反倒有将游客视为“替罪羔羊”转移视线之嫌。而且，昆明这个方案是要拟对整个滇池流域的游客征收生态环境保护费，这可是大大超出了景区面积，等于对进入滇池流域的所有“外来人口”收费，这种行为说难听点，简直就是雁过拔毛。

Even if the dianchi lake ecological destruction，Part of the reason is caused by the tourist activities，It is caused by the tourists before，Later to dianchi lake new visitors did not damage the behavior of dianchi lake，Also did not enjoy the best of dianchi lake，Without the benefit of was asked to pay，This is not fair。Not the destruction cause、It is not the subject of benefit，Let visitors for the dianchi lake ecological compensation of pay，The legal principle is also said obstructed，But will have visitors as“Whipping boy”Transfer line of sight too。and，Kunming, the plan is to plan to the dianchi lake watershed of tourists collection of ecological environment protection money，This is greatly exceeded the scenic area，To enter the dianchi lake watershed is equal to all“Floating population”charge，This kind of behavior saying offensive point，It is YanGuoBaMao。

追问2 Cross-examine 2

开设新的收费项目 Open a new charging projects

昆明市人大有这个权利吗？ Kunming National People's Congress have the right？

　　刘思敏：面对地方保护主义泛滥的现实，我个人感觉这个条例尽管很荒谬，通过的可能性还是比较大的。但是，这种对来自全国各地的游客征收费用的事情，根据《立法法》第8条第6项规定，“对非国有财产的征收，只能由全国人大或者全国人大常委会制定的法律作出规定”。第9条规定，“国务院根据实际需要，也可以对征收生态资源保护费等制定行政法规，但前提是全国人大或者全国人大常委会的授权”。而对游客开征“生态资源保护费”性质是对公民合法财产的征收“，地方政府或立法机构应该是没有立法权力的；如果昆明市人大讨论通过了这条规定，我认为全国游客是可以向全国人大申诉或向法院提起诉讼，要求裁定这个规定无效的。

LiuSiMin：In the face of local protectionism flood reality，My personal feeling this ordinance although very ridiculous，Through the possibility or larger。but，The tourists from all over the country to collection cost of things，According to《The legislative law》Article 8 paragraph 6，“The collection of non-state-owned property，Only by the National People's Congress or the standing committee of the National People's Congress of law provisions”。The provisions of article 9，“According to the actual need of the state council，It may also impose ecological resources protection and formulate administrative regulations，But the prerequisite is that the National People's Congress or the standing committee of the National People's Congress authorized”。Collecting and to visitors“Ecological resources protection money”Nature is the citizen lawful property collection“，The local government or legislature should be no legislative power；If kunming people's congress to discuss passed this rule，I think the national visitors can be to the National People's Congress of a complaint or bring a lawsuit before a court，For the provisions ruled invalid。

追问3 Cross-examine 3

景区门票票款的使用 The ticket fare use

能不能有一个法定或者约定的比例？ Can you have a statutory or agreed ratio？

　　乌恩(国家林业局自然保护区研究中心生态旅游研究室主任，北京林业大学园林学院副教授)：旅游景点都是国家资源，应该是收支两条线的，但是现在基本上做不到。在国外，除了纯商业景区比如迪斯尼主题公园的票价比较高之外，其他景区尤其是自然景观形成的旅游景点，几乎不售门票，或者门票非常低，即便有门票收入也主要用于景区的再发展。景区的门票价格、旅游景点提供的公共服务等旅游内容有很多都有基于法律或者社会约定而形成的规矩。

Monkshood grace(State forestry administration nature reserve research center ecological tourism research director，Beijing forestry university professor garden)：Tourist attractions are the nation's resources，Should be income and expenses two line，But now basically can't do。In foreign，In addition to pure commercial scenic spots such as Disney theme park fare is higher outside，Other scenic spots, especially the natural landscape form tourist attractions，Almost not sell tickets，Or tickets is very low，Even if has a ticket income also is mainly used for the development of scenic spot again。The ticket price、Tourist attractions to provide public services and other tourist content has a lot of have based on law or social contract and the formation of rules。

　　但是我国的旅游景点逐渐都企业化，门票价格几乎一律都是高票价，门票收入除了按照比例部分上缴或者纳税之外，其他全部或者大部分收入，景点经营方有非常大的处置权力，这些票款的收入，如何支配并不透明，有多少是用于景点维护、资源的保护、改善公共服务的？也没有一个法定或者约定的比例，在信息不公开、不透明的情况下，如何能够要求游客支付生态补偿费用？说起来，类似旅游景点这样的情况也不少见，很多公共服务都界限不明，最后都商业化了。公共利益最后都部门化，部门利益最后团体化，团体利益最后个人化。这10元的费用，也并不是太高，但是，如果在信息完全不公开、支出也不透明的情况下，遭到大家的反对，很正常。

But China's tourist attractions are gradually enterprise，Ticket prices are almost invariably high ticket prices，Tickets income except in accordance with the proportion of tax or turn over to the outside，Other all or most of their income，Attractions leasee will have very big disposal power，These fare income，How to command is not transparent，How much is used for scenic spot maintenance、Resource protection、Improve the public service？There is no one legal or the proportion of agreement，In the information not public、Opaque cases，How can tourists pay for ecological compensation cost？it，Similar tourist attractions such circumstance also see a lot，Many public services are unknown boundary，Finally all commercial。Public interest end all departmentalization，Department interests the last group change，Group interests finally personalization。The cost of this 10 yuan，Is not too high，but，If the information is not open、Spending also opaque cases，Were you opposition，Very normal。

追问4 Cross-examine 4

如果最终收费项目被通过了 If the final charge project was passed

昆明方面能公开账目吗？ Kunming to open accounts？

　　乌恩：景点在生态维护上的投入和产出，应该有一个综合公开的报告，方便游客查询。如果滇池这个10元的生态补偿费通过了，也应该先将票款收支公开再收钱，滇池景区管理方有责任向全国游客报账，预算和支出的账目都必须公开，究竟有多少钱用于生态养护和发展了，这要向大家交底。责任和权利需要平衡，不能说游客只有承担生态补偿的责任，而滇池管理方只有接受生态补偿的权利。

Monkshood grace：Scenic spots in the ecological maintenance of input and output，There should be a comprehensive public report，Convenient tourists inquires。If this 10 yuan dianchi lake ecological compensation passed，Also should first will fare balance public money again，Dianchi lake scenic area management have the responsibility to submit an expense account to the visitors，Budget and expenditure accounts must be open，How much money is used for ecological conservation and development，This to everyone disclosure。Responsibility and rights need to balance，Can't say visitors only bear the responsibility of ecological compensation，And only accept dianchi lake management rights of ecological compensation。

　　刘思敏：很多收费规定最终也是各种利益博弈的结果，如果，昆明最后通过了这个所谓滇池生态保护收费的规定，并得到了有关方面的有效确认，那收费账目必须公开，否则游客有权利拒绝交费。要知道，在信息不透明的情况下，票款等收入被挪用的情况很普遍，群众的担心是有道理的。何况，滇池是打着公益的旗号来收费的，那就更没有理由不公开账目了。

LiuSiMin：A lot of charge regulation finally is also the result of the game various kinds of interests，if，Kunming finally passed the so-called dianchi lake ecological protection of the provisions of the charge，And obtained the confirmation，The charge accounts must be open，Otherwise the tourists have the right to refuse to pay。Want to know，In the information opaque cases，Fare income such as be appropriated is very common，People are right to be anxious。How much more，Dianchi lake is a public welfare banner to charge，That would be much have no reason not to open the account。

　　我还真没想到国外有哪个景点是向游客征收生态环境保护费的。要征收生态环境保护费也不是不可以，满足之前说过的谁受益、谁破坏谁交费的原则就好。

I really didn't know what attraction is foreign to the tourists collection of ecological environment protection money。To collect the ecological environment protection is not can't，Meet said before who benefit、Who destroyed the principle of who pay is good。

　　其实也就是需要满足3个条件，就是：生态环境确实非常好，生态保护投入非常大，能够确认游客的旅游活动或将成为环境破坏的主因。比如，九寨沟景区，生态环境特别好，对生态环境的保护力度和投入也非常大，只要它公开账目，如果收取一点生态环境保护费，我想，游客们也不会反对得这么激烈。当然，景区的门票里面其实已经包含了生态保护的这个费用，如果要收取专项的生态环境保护费，那就应该认真核算之前门票里包含着的景区生态保护成本，把这个费用从门票价格成本中剔除，而且这笔收费也必须专款专用，定期公开账目。

In fact is also need to satisfy three conditions，is：The ecological environment is very good indeed，Ecological protection investment is very large，Can confirm tourist activities or will become a cause of environmental destruction。For example，Jiuzhaigou scenic spot，The ecological environment is very good，On the ecological environment protection efforts and commitment is also very big，As long as it open accounts，If a collection of ecological environment protection money，I want to，The tourists will not against so fierce。Of course，Tickets for the scenic spot inside actually already contains the ecological protection of the cost，If you want to collect special ecological environment protection money，It should carefully before accounting ticket contains the scenic area ecological protection cost，From the cost price tickets cost to remove，And the fee must also be special fund is special，Regular public accounts。

批注 notation

莫非要有 Not to have

空气费 阳光费? Air fee sunshine fee?

　　@燕京盛世：昆明此举不可取。如果条例被通过，全国效仿，今后各地可能都会向游客征收空气费、阳光费。

@ yanjing time：Kunming this not desirable。If the regulations，Follow the，The future will be all to the tourists may impose air charge、Sunlight charge。

　　人家可没收

Somebody else can't confiscate

　　游客的钱

Tourists money

　　昆明市有关部门表示，收生态保护费的想法是借鉴云南大理、玉溪等地。

The relevant departments of the kunming said，The ecological protection money idea is to reference in Dali, yunnan province、Yuxi, etc。

　　记者了解到，玉溪确实对抚仙湖旅游度假示范区范围内的生产企业、酒店、餐馆经营户征收资源保护费，但是收费对象并非游客。玉溪对抚仙湖旅游度假示范区内经营景区景点的单位，按其售票接待游客的人数，每人次收取5元。而且，抚仙湖水质之优秀和滇池污染之严重，都是全国知名的。

The reporter understands，Yuxi really for fuxian lake tourist resort demonstration area within the scope of the production enterprises、The hotel、The restaurant door collection resources protection money，But charge object is not tourists。Yuxi of fuxian lake tourist resort in the demonstration area business tourist attractions of the unit，According to the ticket number of tourists received，Each time charge 5 yuan。and，Fuxian lake water quality of dianchi lake pollution excellent and serious，Is the national famous。

巨额的和快速增长的 Huge and rapidly growing

治理投入 Control investment

　　在云南省政府关于《云南省滇池保护条例(草案)》的说明中显示，目前滇池综合治理资金缺口达到了80%。据报道，滇池治理在“九五”期间完成投资超过25亿元，“十五”期间超过31亿元，“十一五”期间的计划投资是183亿元。很多质疑者感慨：拥有如此巨额的和快速增长的治理投入，多年治理下来，怎么还有80%的资金缺口？如此耗资巨资都无法治理滇池，那么游客的钱就能将滇池治疗好？难道外来游客的钱有特异功能？

In yunnan province government about《Regulations on the protection of dianchi lake in yunnan province(draft)》Descriptions show，At present the dianchi comprehensive financing gap reached 80%。According to the report，Dianchi lake governance in the“ninth”Period completed investment of more than 2.5 billion yuan，“15”During more than 3.1 billion yuan，“11th five-year plan”During the program investment is 18.3 billion yuan。Many questioned the regrets：With such huge and rapidly growing control investment，Years of management down，How to have 80% of the financing gap？So cost a huge sum of money can governance dianchi lake，So the money tourists can good dianchi lake treatment？Don't tourists money have specific function？

　　一旦滇池真的要向游客收10元生态保护费，昆明会得到多少收益呢？根据昆明市旅游局统计数据，昆明2011年接待海内外游客超4000万人次，这些游客每天也会为治理和保护“滇池生态资源”贡献2亿元。更何况，这个收费区域是滇池流域2920平方公里范围的酒店、旅社，这里面住的“外来人口”可不仅仅是游客。这些人一样逃不了缴纳“滇池生态资源保护费”的责任，集中到一起，每年昆明增加的收入，非常可观。

Once the dianchi lake really to visitors receive 10 yuan ecological protection money，Kunming will be how much income?？According to the tourism bureau of kunming statistical data，Kunming 2011 tourists over 40 million people，Every day these visitors will also be for management and protection“Dianchi lake ecological resources”Contribute 200 million yuan。besides，This charge area is 2920 square kilometers around the dianchi lake watershed of the hotel、hotel，There live“Floating population”But is not only tourists。These people can't escape pay“Dianchi lake ecological resources protection money”responsibility，together，Kunming increased income per year，Very considerable。