提要:一名普通北京出租车司机，单班每月“份子钱”大约是5500元，双班需向公司缴纳的份子钱是8000元左右。这种通过垄断出租车经营权所带来的巨大利润，无形中将出租车公司变成一个庞大的利益集团。

Abstract: a general Beijing taxi driver,Single class monthly"Member's money"It's about 5500 yuan,Double class to the company to pay the member's money is 8000 yuan.This through the monopoly taxi management brought about by the huge profits,Intangible will taxi company into a huge interest group.

　　出租车改革：油门还没踩到底

Taxi reform:Throttle haven't floor

　　出租车改革的实际困难在于：如何让各个利益方都能接受?如何让多年积累起来的供需缺口，不会在一夜之间爆发从而造成市场反弹过猛

The reform of the practical difficulties in the taxi:How to make the various parties can accept?How to make up for years of accumulation of supply and demand gap,Not in the night and broke out between cause market rebound risen wildly

　　本刊记者/周政华

This reporter/ZhouZhengHua

　　一场有关两百万出租车司机钱袋子的改革即将拉开大幕。

A about two million taxi driver fund sources of the reform will be opened.

　　全国“两会”开幕前一周，2月27日，交通运输部(以下简称交通部)、人力资源和社会保障部(以下简称人社部)、全国总工会联合召开了全国出租车行业创建和谐劳动关系的电视电话会议，三部门均派出了副部级官员与会并发言。由中央多个部门联合召开会议，研究某一个特定工作群体的劳动权益保障问题，类似情况近年来并不多见。

the"lianghui"A week before the opening,On February 27,,Traffic department of transportation(Hereinafter referred to as the ministry of communications)/Human resources and social security(Hereinafter referred to as people club department)/The all-china federation of trade unions jointly held the national taxi industry create harmonious labor relations of TV conference call,Three departments are sent the deputy ministry class officials attending the meeting and make a speech.By the multiple department held a joint meeting,Study a particular work group of labor rights and interests protection problems,Similar situation does not see more in recent years.

　　在这次会议上，上述三部门首度向外界公开披露了出租车行业所存在的多个问题。

In this meeting,The first three departments to outside public disclosure took a taxi to the existing problems of industry.

　　交通部副部长冯正霖说，近年来发生在出租汽车行业内的(群体性)事件，有一半以上与劳动关系不规范、承包费用不合理、出租车司机权益得不到保障有关;人社部副部长杨志明表示，一些(出租车)企业劳动合同签订率低、驾驶员收入较低，一些企业劳动用工管理不规范、驾驶员超时加班严重;全国总工会书记处书记王瑞生透露，只有不到70%的出租车司机加入了工会组织。

Vice minister of transportation FengZhengLin said,In recent years occurred in the taxi industry within the(group)events,More than half and the Labour relationship and not standard/Contract cost is not reasonable/The taxi driver is not guaranteed rights related;People club manager vice minister said,some(taxi)Enterprise labor contract rate is low/Drivers have lower income,Some enterprise labor and employment management is not standard/The driver overtime work overtime is serious;The all-china federation of trade unions, a member of the secretariat of WangRuiSheng revealed,Less than 70% of the taxi driver to join a trade union.

　　在2008年，国务院发展研究中心曾对北京、温州、武汉、重庆、深圳、广州等多个城市的出租车行业，进行为期数月的调查，在此后最终形成的《关于出租车行业管理和发展的研究》报告里，这样描述了国内出租车行业的“不稳定”：从2004年到2009年间，中国出租车业平均每个月都要发生1.2起群体事件。引发这些事件的导火索往往是，要求提高运价、降低“份子钱”、抗议黑车、抗议相关部门乱收费等等。

In 2008,The state council development research center of Beijing once/wenzhou/wuhan/chongqing/shenzhen/Guangzhou, and other city taxi industry,For months of investigation,After the final form[About the taxi industry the management and development of the research]The report,This describes the domestic taxi industry"unstable":From 2004 to 2009,The Chinese taxi industry average every month to happen since 1.2 group events.Cause these events is often a fuse,For higher rate/reduce"Member's money"/Protest black car/Protest related departments to collect fees in disorder, etc.

　　这一系列罢运事件给所在城市的公共交通也造成不小影响，并引发了相关政府部门的“维稳”注意力。“这些年来，一些地方出租车行业由于劳动关系不和谐，引起了各级政府主管部门重视。” 中国劳动学会副会长兼薪酬专业委员会会长苏海南对《中国新闻周刊》说，他认为，现在到了要更好地妥善加以解决这些问题的时刻。

This series of transport "events to the city's public transportation is not caused by impact,And cause the relevant government departments"Dimensional stability"attention."Over the years,Some local taxi industry due to the labor relations are not harmonious,Cause the competent government departments at all levels pay attention to." China labor society vice-chairman and remuneration professional committee chairman of SuHaiNa[China news weekly]said,He thinks,Now is to better solve these problems properly to the moment.

老问题期待新药方 Old problems are looking forward to the new prescription

　　作为出租车行业的主管部门领导，交通部副部长冯正霖在讲话中勾勒出未来出租车行业改革路线图的雏形。

As the taxi industry department in charge of the leadership,Traffic FengZhengLin vice minister in the speech outline the future taxi industry reform the prototype of the map.

　　冯正霖提到了未来三点改革方向：推进“企业化经营”和“员工化管理”的企业管理;加大对出租车司机权益保障，比如确保司机每周休息一天;改善工作及发展环境，包括建立出租车运价与油价的联动机制，以及解决“停车难、就餐难、如厕难”的问题。

FengZhengLin mentioned the future reform direction at 3 o 'clock:propulsion"Enterprises management"and"Staff change management"Enterprise management;Strengthen the taxi driver rights and interests protection,Such as to ensure that the driver weekly rest a day.Improve the working and development environment,Establishing a taxi rate and the oil price linkage mechanism,And solve"Parking difficulty/Repast difficult/Such as toilet difficult"problem.

　　早在1999年11月， 由建设部、交通部、财政部、国家计委、公安部联合下发的《关于清理整顿城市出租汽车等公共客运交通的意见》(以下简称意见)也曾给国内出租车行业开过药方：“规范企业承包、租赁等经营形式，逐步实行行业格式合同，加强合同监管。规范驾驶员与经营者之间的经济关系，做到责权平等，风险共担，收费合理。”

As early as in November 1999, By the ministry of construction/Ministry of communications/The ministry of finance/The state planning commission/The ministry of public security jointly issued the[About the rectifications in city taxi and other public passenger transport opinion](Hereinafter referred to as "opinions)Have to domestic taxi industry open a prescription:"Standardize enterprise contract/Leasing business form,Phases industry format contract,Strengthening the contract supervision.Regulate the driver and the economic relation of the operator,Do ZeQuan equality,Risk sharing,reasonable."

　　时隔十三年，这份意见罗列的当时国内出租车行业存在的一些问题，很大一部分至今也没有解决，比如“部分出租汽车经营单位与驾驶员之间的经济关系不规范，以包代管、以罚代教;部分城市随意有偿出让和转让出租汽车经营权，有的企业、个人私下倒卖经营权牟取暴利，引发纠纷”。

After 13 years,The opinion of the domestic listed at the taxi industry there are some problems,A big part of has been no problem,Such as"Part of the rental car business units and the economic relation of the driver is not standard,With packet agency/To teach a generation;Parts of the city for random assignment and transfer of the right of the taxi,Some enterprises/Private individuals in management profiteer,Cause disputes".

　　在很长一段时间，中国的出租车行业都是“野蛮生长”，至少在1998年以前，不同城市，出租车的主管部门、运营模式都不尽相同，逐渐形成了以北京、温州和上海代表的三种运营模式。

In a very long period of time,China is a taxi industry"Savage growth",At least 1998 years ago,Different cities,The competent departments of the taxi/Operation mode are different,Gradually formed a Beijing/Wenzhou and Shanghai represent three operation mode.

　　在温州，产权和经营权统一并由个人经营，个体经营者在拥有车辆产权的基础上，直接从政府获得经营权，自主经营，而且经营权可以自由转让。温州这种赋予司机对出租车完全产权和经营权的做法，被认为是最接近市场化，也因此备受经济学家称誉。但囿于温州特殊的市场氛围，这种个体经营的方法在全国其他地方并不多见。

In wenzhou,Property rights and management and unified management by the individual,Individual operators in a vehicle on the basis of property rights,Directly from the government for management,Operate independently,And management can free transfer.Wenzhou this gives the driver to the complete property rights and the right of management practice,Is considered the most close to the market,So the economists acclaim.But constrained by wenzhou special market atmosphere,This kind of individual management method in the rest of the country does not see more.

　　冯正霖在今年2月27日的讲话所暗示的公司化、员工化的改革方向，几乎等于宣告了温州模式的出局，这意味着出租车行业准入门槛将进一步抬高，未来或许只有公司法人才有资格从事出租车运营业务，这也意味着以后出租车个体户将会越来越少。

FengZhengLin on February 27 speech implied by the company/Change the direction of reform for employees,Almost equal to declare the wenzhou mode out,This means that the taxi industry admittance threshold will further raise,The future may only company qualified personnel engaged in the taxi operation business,This also means that the taxi soho after there will be less and less.