高速免费的改革考量(评论员观察)

High speed free reform considerations(Commentators observation)

　　看到“免费诉求”背后的“高收费、乱收费质疑”，沿着法治轨道和市场逻辑，我们才能真正读懂民意

see"Free appeals"Behind the"High fees/Fees question",The rule of law along the track and market logic,Can we really understand public opinion

　　2月16日零时，随着各高速公路收费栏杆的缓缓落下，首个春节小客车免费通行政策告一段落。继去年中秋国庆后，这一政策通过了第二次大考。

On February 16 equal to zero,Along with the highway charge baluster down slowly,The first Spring Festival passenger car toll free policy come to an end.The National Day last year after the Mid-Autumn festival,The policy through the second big test.

　　据报道，今年春节长假期间，全国收费公路(海南、西藏除外)，累计免收7座及以下小型客车通行费39.32亿元，其中高速公路(海南、西藏除外)免收38.13亿元。

According to the report,Spring Festival holiday this year,The toll road(hainan/Except Tibet),Accumulated from 7 seat and the mini-bus toll fee is 3.932 billion yuan,The highway(hainan/Except Tibet)From 3.813 billion yuan.

　　如何看待这一免费成绩单？有人认为这是合理的惠民政策，也有人担心这笔钱最终由谁来支付？如果说，不发卡抬杆放行等改进措施，有效纾解了“高速变龟速”的焦虑；那么对免费成绩单的考量，则面临着民意与法律的双重检验。

How to treat this free report card?Some people think that is reasonable we policy,There are also worries about the money finally who will pay?if,Don't carry card release lever improvement measures,Effectively relieve the"High speed change slowly"anxiety;So free to report concerns,Public opinion is faced with the double inspection law.

　　免费政策，公众为何拍手称快

Free policy,Why the public score with clap your hands

　　尽管有“超级堵车”的尴尬，“绿色出行”的反思，经济规律的质疑，甚至法律依据的诘问，高速免费依然赢得了公众激赏。

despite"Super traffic"awkward,"Green travel"reflection,Economic law question,Even legal basis for argument,High speed free still won the public appreciate.

　　一个“免”字，之所以能切中大多数人的要害，原因就在于，人们平时忍受了太多高速收费的“贵”与“乱”。无论是一些地方高速公路的超期收费，还是高速收费的流向不透明，抑或是“道路通车，厅长落马”等腐败现象，无不增加着人们对收费的抵触情绪。

a"from"word,Can the most crucial,Reason lies in,People usually bear too many high-speed charge"your"and"disorderly".Whether some local highway, the charge,Or high speed charge to opaque,or"Road traffic,Director lok ma"And corruption,All the people to increase the charge of outlaw motion.

　　因此，在“印钞机”、“提款机”、“摇钱树”等抱怨声中，在高速公路收费改革依然久推难动之时，高速公路节假日免费政策，就成为许多人心目中的“矫正正义”，也成为人们寄望改革的一个突破口。应该说，在高速收费存在诸多问题的背景下，公众对“免费”欢呼有着充分的“现实逻辑”。

so,in"managers"/"ATM"/"Cash cow"Etc in the rumble,In the highway charge reform still long push hard when moving,Highway holidays free policy,Become a lot of people have in mind"Corrective justice",Also becomes the people hope a breakthrough for reform.Should say,There are many problems in high-speed charge under the background of,The public"free"A great deal of joy"Reality logic".

　　或许正是看到了这种民意，在高速公路全部免费尚不现实的条件下，选择节假日免费，就成为回应民意的稳妥选择。自节假日高速免费政策推行之后，从不发卡抬杆放行，到合理设置专用免费通道，再到及时通报路况信息，免费政策的实施不断成熟，政府和公众也逐渐习以为常。

Perhaps it is just to see the public opinion,In the highway all free is not realistic conditions,Choose a free holiday,Will be response to public opinion safe choice.Since the implementation of the policy after high speed free holiday,Never hairpin lift bar release,To set up a reasonable special free channel,To timely report traffic information,The implementation of the policy of free continues to mature,The government and the public also gradually accustomed to.

　　然而，在公众拍手称快后，政府又该如何立足当下、思之长远，承载起公众更多期待，促进高速公路健康发展？

however,In the public after the score with clap your hands,The government and how to based on the present/Think the long term,Carrying on the public more looking forward to,To promote the healthy development of the highway?

　　任何免费，最终都有埋单者

Any free,Finally have the bill

　　对高速公路免费通行，一个形象说法是“让利于民”。而“利”从哪里来？“民”的范围有多大？则较少有人深究。

For highway toll free,It is an image"Benefit to the people".and"the"Come from??"people"How big is the range of?The less people dig.

　　高速免费对象是“7座及以下小型客车”。如果说“让利于民”，让的也只是开小型客车的人。去年中秋国庆免收65.4亿元、今年春节免收39.32亿元，这些钱的受益者是明确的，但这笔钱最终由谁来掏，许多人并不清楚。

High speed free object is"7 seat and the mini-bus".if"Benefit to the people",Let's just open mini-bus people.Last year the Mid-Autumn festival National Day from 6.54 billion yuan/This year the Spring Festival from 3.932 billion yuan,The money of the beneficiary is clear,But the money finally cut by who,Many people do not know.

　　我国的收费公路，可以分为政府收费还贷公路和经营性公路。从道理上来讲，无论是哪种公路免费，最终都应该由公共财政埋单。否则，对于经营性公路来说，就有“政府请客、企业埋单”的嫌疑。如果全部由政府埋单，则意味着拿全体纳税人的钱补贴驾车者。有人因此质疑：这个群体，是否应当成为优先补贴的对象？

China's toll highway,Can be divided into government toll-road and profit-making highway.From the word speaking,Regardless of which kind of highway free,Finally by the public finance should be bill.otherwise,For business for highway,There is"The government treat/Enterprise buried single"Suspected of.If all the bill by the government,It means take all the tax payers money subsidies drivers.Someone so question:This group,Whether it should be the object of priority subsidies?

　　也许有人会说，国外许多高速公路都是免费的。表面看，确实如此。但无论投资建设，还是管理维护，都不可能不花钱。这笔钱从何而来？要么是直接的收费，要么是间接的收税。比如美国的汽油税，就是高速公路资金的重要来源。总之还是那句话，羊毛出在羊身上。

Perhaps some people will say that,Many foreign highway are free.Surface see,indeed.But no matter investment construction,Or management maintenance,Is impossible not to spend money.The money come from?Either direct charge,Or is indirect taxes.Such as the United States, say,Highway is an important source of funds.In a word or that sentence,Wool comes from the sheep.

　　从1988年的零公里，到如今的总里程世界第一，如果没有当初的“贷款修路、收费还贷”模式，中国高速公路不可能跨越发展。时至今日，无论从履行合同的法律角度，还是高速公路发展的现实需求，完全免费都是不现实的。

From 1988 years of zero kilometers,Up to now the total mileage world first,If there is no original"Loan road/Fees owing on the loan"mode,China highway could not cross development.today,No matter from the Angle of performance of the contract law,Or highway to the practical needs of development,Completely free is not realistic.

　　推进改革，需科学把握民意

reform,To grasp the scientific opinion

　　2009年，日本曾试图推行高速公路免费化，但民意调查显示，有2/3的人反对免费政策。反对者的一个重要理由是：不公平。对企业不公平，对个人也不公平。纳税的是全体国民，但高速公路免费化以后，受益的不是全体国民。

In 2009,,Japan had tried to implement highway free change,But polls show,Two-thirds of people object to the free policy.Opponents of a very important reason is:Not fair.To the enterprise is not fair,For the individual also unfair.Tax is the national,But highway free after the change,Benefit is not all the people.

　　“谁使用，谁付费”，这是基本常识，也符合公正原则。真正值得反思的是，为何在我国，这一常识总被人们有意无意忽视，为何免费政策的出台，总能赢得一片叫好之声？

"Who use,Who pay",This is the basic common sense,Also accord with the principles of justice.Is really worthy of reflection,Why in our country,This common sense always been ignored intentionally or unintentionally,Why free policy come on stage,You always have to win a slice of the sound of good?

　　正如有人所言，假若平时高速收费更合理、更规范、更惠民，节假日免费断不会有如此大的吸引力。就此而言，高速公路收费与否不是关键，如何收费也不是关键，关键问题在于，收费是否依法依规，是否公平合理。

As someone said,If usually high-speed charge more reasonable/More standardized/More we,Holidays free break won't have such a big attraction.For that matter,Highway charges or not is not the key,How to charge is not the key,Key problem is,Whether fees in accordance with the rules in accordance with law,Is fair and reasonable.

　　在这个意义上，只有看到“免费诉求”背后的“高收费、乱收费质疑”，只有沿着法治轨道和市场逻辑，我们才能真正读懂民意，科学推进改革，使我们的改革既顺应公众需求，又体现社会公平正义；既勇于突破创新，又符合市场经济规律。（范正伟）

In this sense,Only see"Free appeals"Behind the"High fees/Fees question",Only along the legal track, and market logic,Can we really understand public opinion,Science reform,Make our reform not only conform to the public demand,And reflect social fairness and justice;Not only have the courage to break through innovation,And in conformity with the rules of market economy.(FanZhengWei)

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