6月份，京城各大媒体一则“翠湖湿地首次发现食虫植物狸藻”的新闻让目前本市唯一的国家城市湿地公园海淀翠湖湿地公园吸引了不少人的眼球。读者田先生的女儿正上小学四年级，刚在课堂上学到了食虫植物的知识，一再央告爸爸妈妈带自己一起去翠湖公园，看看狸藻到底是什么模样。

June，The media has a capital city“First discovered chestwood wetland insectivorous plants ali algae”At present the news to the city's only national urban wetland park haidian chestwood wetland park attracted many people's attention。The reader is the daughter of Mr On the fourth grade，Just in the class to insectivorous plants of knowledge，Again and again with my mom and dad desired favour against chestwood go to the park，Look at what exactly is ali algae like。

　　从北五环边的橡树湾小区，按照GPS导航定位驱车京藏高速、北清路，20多公里的车程不到四十分钟就到了，可田先生一家却在翠湖湿地公园的门口吃了闭门羹。这处2005年就经国家建设部批准命名的本市唯一国家城市湿地公园，至今已经7年时间却一直没有正式对外开放。

From the edge of the rings north bay village oak，According to the GPS navigation positioning drove the hidden high speed、North clear road，More than 20 km drive less than 40 minutes，But Mr. Tian a but in the door of the gate of the wetland park chestwood slammed。This place in 2005, approved by the national ministry of construction, named after the only state this city approval of the urban wetland park，So far has seven years but has not officially open。

现状：正规湿地公园全市仅有两处 status：Regular wetland park only two places in the city

　　“智者乐水，仁者乐山”，兼有山水自然之美的湿地，无疑是都市人心中向往的休闲旅游胜地。而从目前全市情况来看，湿地公园的发展建设还远远没有体现出应有的社会功能，一方面优秀的湿地资源“养在深闺人未识”，一方面大家对湿地的认识程度低，也造成了湿地资源的进一步萎缩退化。

“A wise man le water，Leshan nature is the”，With landscape beauty of nature wetlands，Is undoubtedly urbanite love leisure tourism resort。And from the present situation in the city，The wetland park development is far from reflects should have social function，On the one hand excellent wetland resources“A chaste person did not know”，On the one hand you for the understanding of the wetland low degree，Also caused the wetland resources further shrinking degradation。

　　以田先生一家人的经历来说，虽然翠湖湿地公园并未对外开放却也不虚此行，翠湖公园周边村民提供的农家乐服务，就是面向慕翠湖湿地公园之名而来的游客而生意火爆。田先生一家在公园墙外的上庄水库边上停车，享受村民提供的钓鱼、烧烤外加洗车等各种服务，好好地玩儿了一天。田先生认为，这样的旅游固然也不错，但一方面服务并不正规，而且也体现不出湿地旅游与一般休闲旅游的不同之处，知识含量和新鲜程度都大打折扣。

To Mr. Tian family for the experience，Although cui hu wetland park did not open but also regret it，Surrounding the villagers of chestwood park provide alternative service，Is facing chestwood wetland park for in the name of the visitors to business is hot。Mr. Tian in a park on the edge of the outside wall yi bang on the reservoir parking，Enjoy the villagers provide fishing、Barbecue and wash the car and all kinds of other services，A good fun for one day。Mr. Tian think，Such tourism is pretty good also，But on one hand service is not normal，And also reflects a wetland tourism and general leisure travel differences，The knowledge content and fresh degree to sell at a discount greatly。

　　记者上个月有幸随市人大湿地立法调研组进入翠湖湿地公园一探究竟，发现一墙之隔果真别有洞天。首先从喧嚣程度来说，公园内部只允许电动车按照规定路线行驶，人员密度也大大下降，植被的密度和丰富程度也比外面高了很多，黑白天鹅、鹭鸶鸥雁，什至珍稀的鹤类安静地栖息，马上给人一种清新恬静的美好感受。

Reporters to wetland legislation last month with the people's congress into the research group of chestwood beitou wetland park，Find holes of one wall lie between indeed。First from noise for degree，Park internal only allow electric cars driving route in accordance with the relevant provisions，Personnel density also dramatically reduced，The density of vegetation and how rich than the outside also much higher，Black and white swan、Crane gulls wild goose，Even the rare crane class quietly habitat，Immediately give a person a kind of pure and fresh and quiet of fine feeling。

　　记者从翠湖湿地公园的管理部门海淀区园林绿化局了解到，公园建成后迟迟没有大规模向社会开放，主要是出于生态环境保护的需要。作为本市首个国家级城市湿地公园，如何有序开放需要研究和探索的问题很多还没有解决。比如在目前未开放的情况下，还不时发生有人翻墙进园偷渔偷猎。公园一期湿地面积较小仅有70公顷，而位置又地处城市近郊交通便利，一旦大规模开放可能会给湿地生态环境带来不可挽回的致命伤害。

Reporters from the management department chestwood wetland park haidian district gardens green bureau to understand，After the completion of the park continued large open to the society，Mainly for the need to protect the ecological environment。As the city's first national urban wetland park，How to orderly open need to research and exploration of the many problems haven't settled。For instance in not currently open cases，Also happen from time someone over the wall in the park to steal fishing poaching。Park a wetland area is lesser of only 70 hectares，And the position and city is located in the suburban convenient transportation，Once the mass open may give wetland ecological environment bring about irreparable damage to the deadly。

　　与翠湖湿地的谨慎封闭保护不同，距市区约80公里的延庆野鸭湖湿地公园是国家林业局批准的本市唯一国家湿地公园，现在已经成为京城观鸟爱好者最理想的游览去处之一。在管理区建成的全市首家湿地公园博物馆，成为向游客宣传普及湿地知识的优秀科普场所，保育区内严格限制机动车进入，明确画出了游人活动的线路，最重要的还是地处京郊偏远地区，每日游客总量有限，因此实现了保护与开放的完美平衡。

And the wetland of chestwood cautious closed protect different，Downtown area about 80 kilometers of yanqing YeYaHu wetland park is approved by the state forestry administration in the only country wetland park，Now Beijing has become the most ideal bird lovers to visit one of the place。Built in the city zone is the first wetland park museum，As to the tourists knowledge of popularizing wetland science places outstanding，Conservation area strictly limited in motor vehicles，Clearly draw visitors activities line，The most important still is located in the suburb of remote areas，Daily total tourists is limited，Therefore realize the protection and open perfect balance。

　　除了这两处国家级的湿地公园以外，最近一段时间声誉鹊起的顺义汉石桥湿地，属于湿地自然保护区中部分开放的湿地公园。还有奥林匹克森林公园中的叠水花台湿地和大兴南海子郊野公园，是深受市民欢迎的人工湿地景观。

In addition to the two place national wetland park outside，The most recent period of excellent reputation shunyi han stone bridge wetlands，Belong to wetland nature reserves in part of the opening of the wetland park。And the Olympic forest park of wetland and a splash in daxing NaHaiZi country park，Is deeply welcomed by the citizen of artificial wetland landscape。

问题：缺乏规划湿地主题不突出 question：Lack of planning the wetlands theme not outstanding

　　受全国湿地公园建设热的影响，从2002年开始北京陆续建设了多处湿地公园。这些所谓的湿地公园多是依据当地现有自然条件，对周边湿地进行简单整理，配以一些基础设施后自行命名。由于缺乏对区域生态和环境的整体考虑，缺少对周边居民实地体验需求的调研，大多数湿地公园建成后少人问津，建设投入与产出不成比例，没有完全发挥湿地的生态服务功能，造成资源的浪费。从布局来看，现有的湿地公园多数建设在西北部平原地带，缺乏全市统一布局。

Under the influence of construction of wetland park heat，From 2002 to in construction in Beijing the wetland park。These so-called wetland park is more according to local existing natural conditions，Simple arrangement of the neighboring wetland，Match with some infrastructure to named after。Due to lack of regional ecological and environmental whole consideration，The lack of the residents of the research field experience demand，Most of the wetland park after the completion of the more less，Construction input and output of proportion，No full of wetland ecological service function，Cause waste of resources。From layout to see，The existing wetland park in northwest plain area most construction，The lack of the unified layout。

　　湿地研究专家崔丽娟说，湿地并不简单是一个土地类型的概念，湿地是由土地、水和生活在其中动植物、微生物构成的自然生态体系，这也是湿地公园与一般城市公园、戏水乐园的本质差异。本市许多湿地本来就已经处于生态环境比较脆弱的现实条件下，湿地公园的建设设计必须从生态功能出发，建立湿地保育区和实施有效的恢复工程，而不能盲目追求经济利益过度开发。

Wetland research experts CuiLiJuan said，Wetland is not simple is a land types of concept，The wetland is the land、Water and life in which animals and plants、A natural ecological system of microorganisms，This is also wetland park and general city park、The essence of the paddle paradise differences。The city of many wetlands were already in ecological environment is very weak in the real conditions，The wetland park construction design must be based on the ecological function，Establish wetland conservation areas and effective restoration project，And not blindly pursuing economic benefits excessive development。

规划：2020年湿地公园新增40处 planning：2020 wetland park in new 40

　　根据市园林绿化局与中国林科院湿地研究所共同起草的《北京市湿地公园发展规划（2011-2020年）》，本市湿地公园建设拟划分为控制发展区、适度发展区、重点发展区和优化发展区四部分：

According to the city botanical garden greening bureau and criwi) of Chinese academy of wetland institute jointly drafting《Beijing wetland park development planning（2011-2020）》，The city wetland park is divided into the construction control development zones、Moderate development zones、Key development zones and optimize the development zones four parts：

　　其中控制发展区是北京北部和西南部交通不便的偏远山区，包括怀柔北部山区，密云中部、南部和东部山区以及房山西北部山区，这一地区区位条件较偏远，又基本属于自然保护区和饮用水源保护地范畴，区域内除极个别湿地外，基本不宜发展湿地公园项目。

The control development zone is northern Beijing southwest and transportation inconvenient remote mountain area，Including huairou mountains to the north，Miyun central、Southern and eastern mountainous area and northwestern fang shan magmatic mountainous area，This area is a remote location，And basic belong to nature reserve and drinking water protected category，In addition to the extremely individual wetland area outside，Basic unfavorable development wetland park project。

　　重点发展区主要分布在门头沟东部山区、昌平区平原地区、通州西部、大兴东北部、顺义中北部、平谷南部、怀柔东南部和密云东部等，这一区域人类活动对自然影响较强烈，湿地已经受到一定程度的人为扰动，单位面积水网面积较大、空间扩展性强、交通发达，适宜大力发展各级各类湿地公园，推动区域旅游发展。

Key development zone is mainly distributed in the men-tou vallely eastern mountainous area、Plain area of changping district、Tongzhou western、Daxing northeast、North-central shunyi、Pinggu southern、Huairou southeast and east miyun, etc，The regional human activities on the natural effect is strong，Wetland have been influenced by a certain degree of human disturbance，Dipping unit area with larger area、Space expandability、Traffic developed，Suitable to development of all kinds of wetland park at all levels，To promote the development of regional tourism。

　　优化发展区基本是城六区全部和昌平南部、大兴北部少数地区，这一区域适合建设湿地公园的区域基本已经建成了森林公园、城市公园或城市绿地，一般不需要再新建湿地公园，而是要在其他类型公园的养护建设发展中着力改善生态环境，增加生物多样性，使之充分发挥湿地应有的生态功能。

Optimization of the development is city 6 all basic area and southern changping、A relatively small part of northern boom，The area suitable for construction of the wetland park area basic have built forest park、City parks or urban green space，Generally do not need to new wetland park，But in other types of park in development of maintenance to improve the ecological environment，Increasing biological diversity，To give full play to the ecological function of wetland should have。

　　根据这一规划，除现有的野鸭湖、翠湖湿地公园外，到2020年本市将依托现有湿地资源，新增建设湿地公园40处，届时全市湿地公园总数将从现在的2处增加到42处，总规划面积15576公顷，占全市湿地总面积的约30%。

According to this plan，In addition to the existing YeYaHu、Cui hu wetland park outside，By 2020 the city will depend on the existing wetland resources，New construction wetland park at 40，And at that time the wetland park from now will have a total of two places increased to 42 place，The total planned area of 15576 hectares，The total area of wetland of about 30%。

建湿地公园，水从哪里来？ Built wetland park，Water come from?？

　　在湿地保护条例审议中，许多委员和代表都提出质疑，湿地必须要有水，北京是水资源严重紧缺的城市，建设这么多湿地公园，水从哪里来？

In the wetland protection regulations deliberations，Many committee members and representatives are questioned，Wetland must have water，Beijing is a serious shortage of water resources of the city，Construction so many wetland park，Water come from?？

　　崔丽娟研究员和她的团队在制定规划时，已经按照“量水发展”对湿地公园建设所需要的生态水量进行了认真估算，每一处湿地公园都不是凭空挖坑、抽水浇灌的人工盆景，而是与自然和谐统一的生态平衡体。据估算，湿地耗水主要是水面蒸发、植被蒸发、旱地蒸发和渗漏耗水四部分，根据本市年均降水量和湿地公园面积进行核算，到2020年全部42处湿地公园中，有39处可以通过自然补水实现自给自足，剩下的台湖、王辛庄和杨各庄三处也可以通过周边邻近的再生水补给实现生态平衡。

CuiLiJuan researchers and her team in the planning，Has according to“Quantity water development”The wetland park construction need a serious ecological water estimated，Each place is not without foundation to dig a wetland park、Water pumping the artificial potted landscape，But the harmony of nature and unity of the ecological balance of the body。According to estimation，Wetland mainly surface water evaporation is water、Vegetation evaporation、The dry land of evaporation and water leakage four parts，According to this city with an average annual precipitation and wetland park area accounts，By 2020 the wetland parks in all 42，Thirty-nine place can through the natural hydrating self-sufficiency，The rest of the Taiwan lake、WangXinZhuang and Yang GeZhuang three place through the surrounding neighboring reclaimed water supply realize ecological balance。

　　崔丽娟说，从更高的层面来说，湿地的建设还能进一步促进生态环境质量的改善。以目前建成的翠湖湿地来说，周边居民生活用水直接排入翠湖湿地后，经过植物的生态净化，出水口的水质能够达到合格标准，同时对地下水源进行了有效的补给，“地球之肾”的功能越强大，对首都环境质量改善发挥的作用也就越大。

CuiLiJuan said，From higher level for example，The wetland of construction also can further promote the improvement of the ecological environment quality。Current built for wetland chestwood，The residents living water straight into chestwood after wetlands，After the plant ecological purification，The outlet water quality can reach the standard，At the same time for the effective underground water sources of supply，“The earth's kidney”The more powerful the function，To the capital to improve the function of the environmental quality is bigger also。

其中到2015年规划建设的15处湿地公园 Among them to 2015 planning and construction of 15 place wetland park

　　区县 名称 位置 面积（公顷） 建设主题

Area county name position of an area（ha） Construction theme

　　昌平 温榆河与沙河水库交汇湿地公园 沙河镇和百善镇 26 展示水质净化能力和休闲旅游

Changping lukewarm yu river and sha river reservoir intersection wetland park and the shahe town and good show water purification ability and leisure travel

　　大兴 三海子湿地公园 瀛海镇、亦庄镇和旧宫镇 1165 展示生物多样性、科普宣教

Daxing three haizi wetland park YingHai town、The town and the town of 1165, well JiuGong show biological diversity、Popular science mission

　　长子营湿地公园 长子营镇 60 水质净化与科普宣教

The firstborn camp wetland park town 60 water purification the camp and popular science mission

　　房山 长沟湿地公园 长沟镇西甘池村 249 涵养水源、科普宣教和维持生物多样性

Fang shan magmatic long groove wetland park long groove town village of 249 XiGan pool water conservation、The popular science and education and maintain biodiversity

　　琉璃河古桥湿地公园 琉璃河镇 233 仿古建筑，湿地文化雕塑

Coloured glaze river wetland park, the ancient bridge colored glaze river town 233 antique buildings，Wetland culture sculpture

　　怀柔 白河湾湿地公园 汤河口镇和琉璃庙镇 290 湿地文化、民俗风情、科普宣教

Huairou white river wetland park HeKouZhen soup and coloured glaze temple town 290 wetland culture、Folk customs、Popular science mission

　　密云 古北口湿地公园 古北口镇 220 湿地文化和民俗风情

Miyun gubeikou wetland park GuBeiKouZhen 220 wetland culture and folk customs

　　洪门川湿地公园 大城子镇 390 展示河流湿地、科普宣教

Flood gate sichuan wetland park in the town of 390, show the qingshankou river wetland、Popular science mission

　　丰台 园博园湿地公园 园博园内 184 展示生物多样性、科普宣教、休闲旅游

Fengtai garden show park wetland park in the garden show park 184 show biological diversity、Popular science mission、Leisure tourism

　　通州 五河交汇湿地公园 通州城区 200 休闲旅游和湿地功能体验

The five tongzhou intersection wetland park tongzhou city 200 leisure tourism and wetland function experience

　　台湖湿地公园 台湖镇 400 水质净化、旅游休闲、湿地生产功能

A lake wetland park a lake in the town of 400, water purification、Leisure travel、Wetland production function

　　门头沟 九河湿地公园 永定镇 500 调水蓄洪与科普宣教

Men-tou vallely JiuHe wetland park, some well-know water and popular science mission 500 flood

　　顺义 潮白河减河交汇湿地公园 仁和镇 310 展示湿地净化污染功能

Shunyi JianHe chaobai river intersection wetland park RenHeZhen 310 show wetland purification pollution function

　　汉石桥湿地公园 杨镇 477 生态休闲旅游、科普宣教

Han stone bridge wetland park YangZhen 477 ecological leisure tourism、Popular science mission

　　平谷 王辛庄湿地公园 王辛庄镇和大兴镇 120 湿地净化功能与科普宣教

Pinggu WangXinZhuang wetland park XinZhuangZhen king and building 120 wetland purification function and the popular science mission

　　合计 15处

Total 15 place