这或许可以解释为何近年来我国旅游交通事故频发。

This may explain why in recent years China's tour traffic accident frequency。

　　盈科律师事务所律师张振峰认为，这也与国内大量不规范旅行社的存在有关。“一间房、一部电话、两个人，一家并不具备资质的旅行社就这样建立起来了。”

Lawyer of Pacific ZhangZhenFeng think，This also with many domestic travel agency about the existence of the standard。“A room、A phone、Two people，A did not have qualified travel agency so established。”

“京A”与“京B” “Beijing A”and“Beijing B”

　　8月3日，北京站广场上依旧人头攒动。

August 3,，Beijing station square thronged still。

　　一自称是北京金鑫鼎旅行社业务经理的刘先生从包里掏出一张名片，向本报记者介绍起名片背面的旅游线路。据其介绍，这类“小旅行社”的价格要比“大旅行社”便宜。以“长城一日游”为例，“大旅行社”每位游客为150元至180元，而这里每位游客只需100元，并且会派车上门接送。

A Beijing jinxin, who claimed to be the travel agency business manager Mr. Liu from her bag, took out a business card，To our reporter on the back of the card introduced tourist routes。According to this，This kind of“Small agency”Price than“Travel agencies”cheap。to“One-day tour of the Great Wall”For example，“Travel agencies”Each visitor for 150 yuan to 180 yuan，And here the each visitor only 100 dollars，And send the shuttle car。

　　“京A和京B开头的车都有，这没关系，保证安全。”刘先生称。

“The A and B of the beginning of the car，It doesn't matter，Ensure safety。”Mr. Liu says。

　　“正规旅游汽车公司的车都是以京B开头的。”北京新月联合汽车有限公司一付姓工作人员告诉本报，京A属私家车、单位用车等社会车辆，并没有旅游运营资格。正规旅游汽车公司的每一辆车，其所有人和经营人都必须具备运营资质，即国家交通运输管理局颁发的行政许可，包括旅游汽车公司的经营许可证、驾驶员的运营许可证等。

“Tourist automobile companies regular car is the beginning of the B。”Beijing united auto Co., LTD. A crescent moon paid staff told the family name，Beijing of private cars A、Unit transport vehicle society，And no travel operation qualification。Tourist automobile companies each of the formal one car，All the people and the operator must have the operation qualification，The national transportation administration issued by the administrative licensing，Tourist automobile companies including the business licenses、The driver's operation license, etc。

　　“旅行社与京A类的车队合作，属于违规行为。”这证实了贾磊的说法。

“Travel agent and Beijing A kind of team cooperation，Belong to the violations。”This proved JiaLei said。

　　“这对游客不利，如果遇上不正规的旅行社和车队，一旦发生交通事故，找不到责任人，也就无从索赔。”在本报采访中，张振峰回忆起以往的案例，表现出担忧。

“The adverse to visitors，If in with the normal travel agency and the team，Once there is a traffic accident，Can't find partners，There was no way for the claim。”In our interview，ZhangZhenFeng recall the previous case，Show concern。

松散的挂靠制度 Loosely affiliated system

　　江苏常合高速公路“4·22”特大旅游交通事故震动了公安部。当日，一辆上海益流汽车出租服务有限公司的旅游大巴行驶至常熟路段时与一辆货车相撞，导致14名游客死亡。经警方调查，事故发生原因竟是“临时工”司机王振伟曾吸食毒品并严重疲劳驾驶。另外，肇事客车逾期未检、持有的省际包车证系违规审批发放等因素也在同时“助纣为虐”。

Jiangsu often close highway“4 · 22”Big tourist traffic accident shook the ministry of public security。On that day，A car Shanghai profit flow car rental service Co., LTD, driving tour bus to changshu section, it collided with a van，14 of the visitors to death。The police investigation，Reasons for actually accident“Temporary workers”The driver WangZhenWei had used drugs and severe fatigue driving。In addition，Road passenger fails to check、Hold the certificate is illegal provincial charter factors such as the examination and approval issued in at the same time“Officials who abetted their activities”。

　　车队内松散的挂靠制度或是导致旅游交通事故发生的深层次原因。

The team of loose in the affiliated system or lead to tourist traffic accident happened the deep reason。

　　据贾磊介绍，不是每家旅行社都有自己的长途客运车队，相当一部分旅行社把省际旅游的客运业务外包给了租车公司。

According to JiaLei introduced，Not every travel agency has its own long-distance passenger team，Quite a number of the travel agent of the provincial tourism passenger transport business outsourced to car rental companies。

　　“近期，旅游大巴事故频发，集中反映出租车公司内人员和设备管理的缺失。因为业务量不断加大，旅游公司把一部分业务外包给租车公司，这些租车公司的服务质量参差不齐，有一些在安全管理方面还不健全。”

“recent，Tour bus accident frequency，Reflects a taxi company personnel and equipment in the lack of management。Because the portfolio is constantly increasing，The travel company a part of his business outsourcing to car rental companies，The car rental company's service quality is uneven，There are some in the safety management is not perfect。”

　　“目前大多数车队采取的都是挂靠制度。”前述付先生指出，车队与旅行社仅是合作关系，旅行社不对车队进行指挥和管控，交通承运管理工作皆由车队方进行。

“Most current team take is linked system。”Mr. Pay the foregoing points out，The team and the travel service is only cooperation，Travel agency not command and control team，Traffic management work by the team is carrier party。

　　“挂靠制度是指司机持照上岗，挂靠车队公司。车辆由司机购买并拥有，车队负责分派给司机团队客源，司机每月向车队缴纳一定费用。”

“Callings system is to point to the driver as mount guard，Team affiliated company。By the driver and vehicle purchase a，The team assigned to the driver team is responsible for the passengers，The driver monthly pay a fee to the team。”

　　“这种管理体制较松散，缺乏集中、有效的管理力度。车队很难严格管理和约束司机的个人行为。”张振峰指出，“正缘于此，旅游大巴司机疲劳驾驶、不对已老化的汽车进行保养和维修，甚至肇事司机涉嫌吸毒等情况才会发生。”

“This management system is loose，Lack of concentration、The effective management of the strength。The team is hard to strict management and constraints of the driver behavior。”ZhangZhenFeng points out that，“Is due to the，Tour bus driver fatigue driving、The car has not aging maintenance and repair，Even suspected of drug addiction and driver will only happen。”

　　“还有一种情况，由于种种原因，拿着某地牌照的旅游大巴司机去了另一地载客，但因为对该地的路面和天气情况并不熟悉，极易发生交通事故，因为挂靠制度，很难追究到他们的责任。这就在无形当中促使了旅游交通事故发生率的上升。”

“Still have a kind of situation，For a variety of reasons，Take place the tour bus driver licence to another passenger，But because of the pavement in the area and the weather is not familiar with，Extremely easy traffic accidents，Because the system call，It is difficult to find their responsibility。It is in the invisible among the tourist traffic accident rate to rise。”

　　“必须改变这种松散的管理方式，实行集中统一化管理。”张振峰表示，关于旅游车队资质资格的审查和监管，我国法律尚未建立强制性规定，要求旅行社和车队到旅游行政管理部门报批，“事实上，这的确存在一定难度。目前，我国大部分的旅行社还没有与固定车队达成稳定的业务合作，如果实行每天、每团每批制，则太复杂，难免影响到旅游经营活动的正常运转。旅行社在对车队的选任中，也只能是依据营业执照作出形式上的审核，很难达到实质上的审核。”

“Must change this loose management style，The centralized and unified management。”ZhangZhenFeng said，About tourism team qualified examination and supervision qualification，Our country law has not been set up the mandatory provisions，Ask travel agents and the team to the tourism administration department approved，“In fact，This really exist certain difficulty。At present，Most of our travel agent had no contact with fixed a stable business team cooperation，If every day of、Each group of each lot of，Is too complicated，Unavoidably affect the normal operation of tourism management activities。Travel agencies in the selection for the team，It can only be made based on the review of the business license of the form，It is difficult to achieve substantial audit。”

　　前述付先生认为，旅游安全管理缺失首先体现在对驾驶员的规范管理方面。“加强对驾驶员的安全培训，提升职业素养，以及进行心理辅导都是十分必要的。”

The pay that Mr，Travel security management deficiencies firstly embodies in the driver's standard management aspects。“To strengthen the driver's safety training，Ascension professional quality，And psychological counselling is very necessary。”

　旅行社与景区管理亦需规范 Travel agency and the scenic area management is required specification

　　“像北京金鑫鼎旅行社这类非正规旅行社在全国并不少见。”黑龙江中建旅行社有限责任公司总经理王晓玲告诉本报记者。

“The travel agency like Beijing jinxin such informal travel agencies in the national is not rare。”Heilongjiang zhongjian travel service Co., LTD. WangXiaoLing general manager told the reporter。

　　她认为，要全面加强旅游安全管理，还需要规范旅行社、提高租车公司的准入门槛以及引导游客提高安全意识，摆脱低价竞争。“游客倾向于选择价格低廉的旅游产品，而旅行社则为了控制成本，将运输业务外包给价格更低的租车公司，由此形成恶性循环。”

She thought，To strengthen the tourism safety management，Still need to regulate travel agency、Improve the car rental company and the barriers to entry guide tourists improve safety consciousness，Get rid of low price competition。“They tend to choose a low cost tourism products，And in order to control the cost of the travel agency，Will transport business outsourcing to lower the price of the car rental company，From a vicious cycle。”

　　“正规的旅行社要向旅游行政管理部门缴纳一定数量的质保金，旅游行政管理部门可考虑拿出一笔专项基金，用于应对突发事故和保障从业者福利，从而形成良性循环。”

“Regular travel agency to travel to the administrative management department to pay a certain amount of ZhiBaoJin，Tourism administration department can consider to take out a special fund，Used to cope with sudden accident and security practitioners welfare，So as to form the virtuous cycle。”

　　“一旦发生旅游交通事故，依据法律规定，旅行社应承担全部责任。目前，我国旅游行政管理部门已采用加大旅行社责任风险的方式，对正规旅行社实行较严格的管理。而正规的旅行社则通过强制性责任险的方式来转嫁风险到保险公司。”

“Once produce tourism traffic accidents，According to law，Travel agency shall bear all responsibility。At present，Our country tourism administration department has increased the risk of the travel agency responsible way，Travel to normal practices a strict management。And regular travel agency, through the way of liability insurance mandatory on risk to the insurance company。”

　　“但也存在这样的问题，旅游行政管理部门由于种种原因未按照规定收取旅行社应缴纳的质保金，一旦发生重大交通事故，赔偿责任则全部落到了旅游行政管理部门头上。因此，交通运输部门或可与旅游行政管理部门相互配合、监督，参与到对旅行社及其所选任车队的规范治理当中。”张振峰建议，“另外，旅游市场的应急救援机制也应该不断完善，交通管理、旅游景区管理和医疗救治等需要协同配合。”

“But there are such problems，Tourism administration department for a variety of reasons for not according to stipulations of the travel agency should pay ZhiBaoJin，Once the serious traffic accident happened，The liability for compensation is they landed in the tourism administration department head。so，Transportation department or with the tourism administration department and cooperate with each other、supervision，Participate in the travel agency and its prevailed for the team of standard management。”ZhangZhenFeng Suggestions，“In addition，The tourist market of rescue mechanism should also be perfect，Traffic management、Traveling scenic area management and medical treatment need to cooperate with。”

　　“在以往受理的案件中，不乏游客起诉景区的案子。”他说，某景区由于管理疏漏，没有在山路连续转弯处及上、下坡处挂有警示标牌，导致旅游交通事故的发生。“景区安全设施建设不到位，没有尽到安全保障义务，按照交通管理办法，该景区对游客进行了赔偿。”

“In the past in the cases accepted，To there is no lack of scenic tourist prosecution case。”He said，A scenic spot because management omissions，No corner and continuous mountain road、XiaPoChu it has a warning signs，Cause tourist traffic accidents。“Scenic area safety facilities construction is not in place，Not doing security obligations，According to the method of traffic control，The scenic beauty of the compensation for tourists。”