连日来，记者在现场调查走访发现，由于水质污染严重，一种靠滤食水中浮游生物、藻类和细菌为生，学名叫做团水虱的钻孔生物正在大面积爆发，目前除了上百亩红树林已经死亡外，另外被感染的500多亩红树林也岌岌可危。

In recent days，Reporters on the scene investigation found that visit，Because the water pollution is very serious，A water filter feed on plankton、Algae and bacteria for a living，The scientific name is called the group the creature's drilling biological are widespread，In addition to hundreds of acres of mangrove died outside，Another infected more than 500 acres of mangrove is in jeopardy。

　　红树林，热带亚热带海岸独有的植物群落，素有“护岸卫士、鸟类天堂、鱼虾粮仓”的美誉，具有特殊的生态地位和功能，是极为珍贵的湿地生态系统，对调节海洋气候和保护海岸生态环境起着重要作用。

mangrove，Tropical and subtropical coast unique plant communities，Known as“Revetment guards、Bird paradise、Shrimp granary”Reputation of，With special ecological status and function，Is very rare wetland ecological system，To adjust the ocean climate and protect coast ecological environment plays an important role。

　　“如果再不及时控制污染和虫害疫情，东寨港这片亚洲最大的红树林湿地有可能遭受灭顶之灾!”采访中，不少业内人士表示，保护红树林迫在眉睫。

“If not timely control pollution and insect outbreaks，East village port this piece of Asia's largest mangrove wetland may suffer from destruction!”interview，Many people in the industry say，Mangrove protection is imminent。

红树林遭虫害大面积死亡 Mangrove of death by insects

　　海南省东寨港红树林自然保护区演丰段，死亡在悄悄蔓延，一片片枯死的红树如伤口般触目惊心。

Hainan east village port mangrove nature reserve play abundant section，Death in silently spread，Pieces of die like a wound mangrove serie a。

　　“像这样成片死亡的红树林目前在这段保护区内有十多片，面积达上百亩。”两年前，黄奕民眼前的红树林还是郁郁葱葱，而今只剩下一根根烂树桩。

“Like this piece of death in this period of reserve mangrove at present there were more than ten pieces，Area of hundreds of acres。”Two years ago，The eyes of the HuangYiMin mangrove were still flourishing，Now only one lousy stump。

　　2010年9月，当地人发现有一小片红树林没有了昔日的生机，原本翠绿的叶子变得枯黄，一些红树甚至已经枯死倾倒在水里。“树根上布满了虫眼，像蜂窝一样，用手轻轻一掰就能掰下一块来。”在保护区生活了近50年的黄奕民，从没见过这么严重的虫害。

September 2010，The local people found a small mangrove forest is not of the past life，Originally green leaves become yellow，Some have even dumping dead trees in the water。“The root is full of bug，Like honeycomb like，Gently a bye can twisted off a piece out。”Life in reserve over the last 50 years HuangYiMin，Never seen such a serious pests。

　　采访中记者看到，尽管大多数红树林外层看起来依然碧绿葱茏，但一进入树林深处，情况便令人不忍目睹树干和裸露在泥土外的树根布满了密密麻麻的虫孔，许多树木已经被钻空倒伏在泥水中，周围爬满了无数的虫子，看过去黑压压的一片。

In an interview with reporters to see，Although most mangrove outer still seems green green，But a deep into the woods，Situation and it's a wrench to witness the trunk and nudity in the soil of roots was full of bunches of worm hole，Many trees have been drilling empty lodging in the mud，Many of the insect crawling with around，See past the dark one。

　　红树林并非单一的树种，而是一种热带、南亚热带特有的海岸带植物群落，生长在陆地与海洋交界带的浅滩。它们的根系发达稠密，纵横交错，构成一座座海上栅栏，有效地护卫着海岸沙滩，使沿海的村镇和农田免受风浪潮汐的袭击。

Not a single mangrove species，But a tropical、South tropical coastal peculiar plant community，Growth in the land and sea border with shallows。The roots of the dense they developed，crisscross，Constitute a sea fence，Effectively escorted the coast beaches，Coastal towns and farmland to tidal waves from the attack。

　　“在台风来袭的时候，凡是堤外有红树林分布的地方，海堤就不易被冲垮，经济损失相对较小，而且每次刮台风，都有渔船驶进红树林躲过了劫难。”在当地人眼中，红树林不仅是陆地过渡到海洋的特殊森林，更是他们的避风良港。

“In the typhoon hit，All the levees have the distribution of the mangrove place，Seawall not easy was destroyed，Economic loss is relatively small，And each time the typhoon，All have fishing boat into mangrove escaped the fate。”In the local eyes，Mangrove is not only to the ocean's special land transition forest，But their shelter harbor。

　　然而，这片与人们生活、环境息息相关的红树林正面临着生存危机。

however，This piece with people living、The environment of the mangroves are faced with is existence crisis。

不及时控制将遭灭顶之灾 Don't control in time will was lost

　　当地居民陈大勇告诉记者，自上世纪90年代起，东寨港上游和周边城镇兴起了养殖业、餐饮业，由此产生的污水排入演丰东河、演丰西河，最后汇集至东寨港入海。

Local residents ChenDaYong told reporters，Since the 1990 s，East village port upstream and surrounding towns the rise of the aquaculture industry、Catering industry，The resulting sewage into the east in abundance、Xihe in abundance，The last collection to east village port into the sea。

　　“每个月都会有大量的污水流过来，有时候臭味几公里外都能闻到。”陈大勇说。

“Every month, there are a lot of sewage flows through，Sometimes a few kilometers outside the smell can smell。”ChenDaYong said。

　　记者在现场看到，红树林中的水呈墨绿色，越往树林深处走，水的颜色越深，水面上还漂浮着一团团黑色的油脂，散发着臭味。

Reporters on the scene to see，The water is mangrove blackish green color，In go to the forest，The deeper water color，Water floating cloud of black oil，Sending out the smell。

　　“过去清蓝透澈的海水，如今变成了伤口碰到就会化脓溃烂的污水，你说这种水质能不滋生虫害危害红树林吗?”采访中，当地居民的担忧溢于言表。

“The past clear blue water through the height of，Now into the wound encounter will decay of sewage fluid，You say the water quality can not be pest damage mangrove?”interview，Local residents worries beyond words。

　　“红树林大面积死亡确实和团水虱有关。”一直从事红树林保护研究的海南大学海洋学院副院长黄勃教授告诉记者，团水虱是一种钻孔生物，靠滤食悬浮在水中的浮游生物、藻类和细菌为生。目前，穴居在红树林中的团水虱就是通过不断滤食围绕在红树周围水体中的浮游生物、藻类和细菌进行大量繁殖，然后钻空红树林的树根、树茎造成红树大面积死亡。

“Mangrove of death and group really relevant creature。”Have been engaged in mangrove protection and research of hainan university Marine, vice President of the college professor HuangBo told reporters，Specialised group is a kind of drilling creatures，By filter-feeding suspended in the water of plankton、Algae and bacteria for a living。At present，Cave in the group is through mangrove specialised constantly filter-feeding around in the water in the mangrove around plankton、Algae and bacteria multiply，Then drill empty mangrove roots、Cause of death mangrove trees stem。

　　“如果不及时控制团水虱的话，东寨港这片亚洲最大的红树林湿地将有可能灭绝!”黄勃教授告诉记者，团水虱繁殖速度惊人且生命力极强，当寄生的红树被完全钻空后，会漂流或者爬行到周围的林段继续入侵危害。

“If not timely control group creature words，East village port this piece of Asia's largest mangrove wetland will be destroyed!”HuangBo professor told reporters，Specialised group at a surprising speed and hardy breed，When the parasitic mangrove is completely drilling after the empty，Will drift or crawling to the surrounding forest period invasion continue to harm。

污染给团水虱提供了温床 Pollution to the group provides specialised hotbed

　　“以前这片红树林中并没有团水虱，它是作为外来物种出现的。”时至今日，谈及团水虱成害，黄勃教授依然感到惊讶，“团水虱作为环境监测指示生物的一种，它的出现证明了水体被污染。”

“Before this mangrove forest and no specialised in group，It is as an exotic species appear。”today，About group into specialised harm，HuangBo professor still surprised，“Specialised environmental monitoring group as a kind of biological instructions，It proved by the emergence of water pollution。”

　　海口市海洋与渔业局公布的《2011年海口市海洋环境状况公报》显示：东寨港贝类养殖区水体呈富营养化状态，污染状况严重，局部水域为4类或劣4类海水水质，主要超标因子为无机磷、无机氮和粪大肠菌群等，特别是无机磷超标严重，含量与2010年相比有进一步增高趋势。

Haikou oceanic &fishery administration announce《2011 years of haikou Marine environment bulletin》shows：East village port shellfish culture zones in water eutrophication status，Pollution in serious condition，For the four categories of local water or a bad 4 kinds of sea water，The main factor of inorganic phosphorus exceeds bid、Inorganic nitrogen and fecal coliform bacteria, etc，Especially inorganic phosphorus exceeds bid badly，Content compared with 2010 have increased further trend。

　　也正是从去年开始，黄勃教授与业内专家先后沿流域对团水虱爆发区域的水质和底泥进行了取样测试。测试结果表明，团水虱爆发区域水质中的氨氮含量、浮游生物量等指标均超过国家标准4类海水。

It is also from last year，HuangBo professor and industry experts successively for group along the river broke out of the water quality and specialised area the sediment sampling test。Test results show that，Group of water quality regional outbreaks specialised ammonia nitrogen content、Phytoplankton biomass, targets were exceeded national standards four kind of sea water。

　　“周边养虾场、养猪场污水排放口的各项指标均是其它地方的两倍多，可以判断为污染源头。” 黄勃教授与团队多次取样调查后认为。

“Surrounding YangHaChang、The pig farm sewage discharges of all the indexes is more than twice the other place，Can judge for pollution source。” HuangBo professor and team sampling many times that。

　　据了解，自上世纪90年代开始，东寨港红树林自然保护区周边以虾、鸭为代表的养殖业迅速发展，最高峰时养虾规模近万亩、养鸭年出栏量达40万只。目前，保护区上游的罗牛山养猪基地年出栏45万头，是海南城乡居民生猪供应的重要基地。

According to understand，Since the 1990 s，East village port mangrove nature reserve in surrounding shrimp、Duck, as a representative of the rapid development of aquaculture，Highest peak, a shrimp scale nearly ten thousand acres、400000 years of market raise ducks only。At present，Reserve of the upper reaches of the NiuShan pig base years he market 450000 head，Hainan is urban and rural residents pig supplies important base。

　　“养殖业向红树林排放大量未经处理的生产污水，给东寨港的水质造成严重污染，使浮游生物大量繁殖，给团水虱提供了有利的生存环境。”黄勃教授说，“团水虱这个外来物种很可能正是由这些污水带到红树林的。”

“Breeding of mangrove emissions to the production of untreated sewage，To the east village to the port of water quality causing serious pollution，Make the plankton multiply，To provide the good creature group of the living environment。”HuangBo professor said，“The foreign species very specialised group is probably the sewage to the mangrove by these。”

　　采访中，海南大学热带作物种质资源保护与开发利用教育部重点实验室主任杨小波表示了更进一步的担忧：“目前这片水域中的有机污染很严重，除了团水虱，不知道会不会出现其它新的敌害生物。”

interview，Hainan university tropical crop resources protection and exploitation of the key laboratory of the YangXiaoBo said the further concerns：“The waters of the organic pollution is very serious，In addition to group specialised，Don't know there will be other new DiHai creatures。”

　　在实地调查中，记者从演丰镇出发，一路行至上游的罗牛山养殖基地，看到不少养猪场排出的污水沿沟渠流入河中，四周弥漫着刺鼻的臭味，令人窒息。而这些河水，一路蜿蜒行至东寨港红树林自然保护区。

In the field investigation，Reporters from YanFengZhen start，All the way to the upstream of the ROM NiuShan breeding base，See that many of the sewage near the pig farms along the ditch into the river，Smell the pungent odor around，suffocating。And these the river，All the way to east village port winding mangrove nature reserve。

　　据罗牛山所在地三江镇政府一位分管环境工作的领导透露，作为屡遭居民投诉的污水排放点，罗牛山养殖基地曾多次被有关部门责令整治，并要求完善相关治理设施，确保废水污染物达标排放，但事实上，污水直排现象依然存在。

Arjen robben is located to the standing committees of the NiuShan sanjiang a responsible for environment leadership in the work of disclosed，As residents complaints by repeatedly the discharge points，ROM. NiuShan breeding base has repeatedly been relevant departments shall order the renovation，And ask the perfect relevant treatment facilities，Ensure that waste water pollutants discharged，But in fact，Sewage tandem phenomenon still exists。

　　“由于前期投入大、处理污水成本高，一些养猪场并没有安装相关的污水处理设备，而是以"躲猫猫"的方式，将大量的污水经过简单的自然沉淀后直接排入罗牛河中。”罗牛山养殖基地的一名工作人员向记者坦承，污水直排的现象的确存在。

“Due to the great input、The treatment of wastewater high cost，Some pig farm and not the installation of sewage treatment equipment，But with"peek-a-boo"way，The amount of sewage through simple natural precipitation straight into ROM NiuHe。”ROM. NiuShan breeding base of a staff reporter admitted to，Sewage straight rows of phenomena do exist。

　　“2011年9月1日开始，相关部门就禁止在保护区内进行虾、鸭养殖，但因为之前数量过于庞大，一时还无法根绝。”三江镇茄南村党支部书记陈学表示，由于地理位置临海且境内有红树林保护区，环境保护和经济发展之间的矛盾突出，但他们一直在寻求解决办法。

“Began on 1 September 2011，Relevant departments in the protection zone, banned shrimp、Duck breeding，But because the number before too big，At that time still could not eradicate。”Sanjiang town tomato south village party branch secretary ChenXue said，Due to the geographical position and of the mangrove reserve，Environmental protection and economic development between the contradiction，But they have been seeking a solution。

从源头遏制团水虱生长 From the source contain group creature growth

　　“目前团水虱已经成这片生态系统中的优势物种了，如果不停止对东寨港的污水排放，红树林将毁于一旦。”采访中，海南师范大学生命科学学院副教授王力军呼吁，一定要从源头上消除水源污染，遏制浮游生物的生长。他还表示，美国佛罗里达州的红树林与东寨港环境相似，但因为水质好，团水虱造成的危害微乎其微。

“At present group has been a creature of the ecological system the advantage of the species，If you don't stop to east village of wastewater discharge port，Mangrove will be dismantled。”interview，Hainan normal university, associate professor at the college of life science WangLiJun appeal，Must eliminate pollution of the water supply from the source，Contain plankton growth。He also said，A Florida mangrove and east village port environment similar，But because the water quality is good，Specialised group the harm caused by remote。

　　“东寨港红树林作为海南的一个窗口，必须要保护好，这关系到海洋生态的问题。”黄勃教授说，2004年的印度洋海啸就是一堂深痛的生态警示课，而中国的大陆海岸线长达1.834万公里，必须引起足够的重视，“如果我们遭遇台风甚至海啸袭击，如果没有东寨港红树林，那整个海口东部将成为一片泽国。”

“East village port as one of the mangrove hainan window，Need to protect the good，This relationship to the ocean ecological problems。”HuangBo professor said，2004 years of Indian Ocean tsunami is a deep pain of ecological warning lesson，And China's mainland is 18340 km long coastline，Must cause enough attention，“If we encounter typhoon even tsunami attack，If no east village port mangrove forest，The entire eastern haikou will become a ZeGuo。”

　　“超标排污的企业我们会按相关法律惩处，但我们不可能一天24小时都在那里督管。”海口市环境保护局办公室主任陈斌表示，不排除有企业偷排超标污水的现象，但海口市环境监察站的28名工作人员要负责海口辖区内所有与环境污染有关的诸多事件，在监管取证方面有时无法做到“尽善尽美”。

“The discharge of enterprise we will exceed according to related laws to punish，But we can't 24 hours a day in the study there。”Haikou environmental protection agency director of the office ChenBin said，Don't rule out enterprise steal row exceeds bid the phenomenon of sewage，But one of the environmental monitoring station in 28 staff will be responsible for all and environment within the jurisdiction of haikou concerned about the pollution of many of the events，In the supervision of forensics sometimes couldn't do it“perfect”。

　　而海南省林业厅工作人员胡能则坦承，多年来，尽管林业厅在红树林保护和管理方面做了大量工作，但部门多头管理等历史问题影响了对红树林自然保护区的有效管理。

Hainan provincial forestry department and staff HuNengZe admits，For many years，Although in mangrove protection and management of forestry bureau made a lot of work，But a history of multiple management department of mangrove problems affected the effective management of the nature reserves。

　　黄勃教授表示，优美的自然环境是海南作为国际旅游岛的基本要素，也是海南的“国际名片”，绝不能以破坏环境为代价发展经济。“千万年才形成的湿地环境，一旦被破坏将难以恢复!”

HuangBo professor said，The beautiful natural environment is hainan island as the basic elements of international tourism，Is also of hainan“International business card”，Can never to damage the cost of the environment for economic growth。“Thousands of years ago to form the wetland environment，Once the destruction would be difficult to restore!”