当受刑罚惩治

When punishment punishment

　　近30年来全国消失的4万多处不可移动文物中，有一半以上毁于各类建设活动。近日，国家文物局公布了全国人大常委会执法检查组关于检查《中华人民共和国文物保护法》实施情况的报告，其中指出，一些地方对文物保护的认识有待进一步提高，文物安全形势依然严峻。

Nearly 30 years the disappearance of the more than 40000 places do not move in cultural relics，More than half were destroyed in all kinds of construction activities。recently，National bureau of cultural relic announced the National People's Congress (NPC) law enforcement inspection team about the examination《Cultural relics protection law of the People's Republic of China》The implementation of the report，The pointed out that，Some parts of the understanding of the protection of cultural relics to further improve，Cultural relics security situation is still severe。

　　众所周知，正如财产可以分为动产和不动产，文物也可以分为可移动文物和不可移动文物。那些不可移动文物诸如房屋、坟墓与可移动文物（钱币、陶瓷等）一样，记载了人类文明发展的历史，承载着人类文明的记忆正如当我们徜徉于到处是古香古色的巴黎时，我们知道这是一座有历史的城市。

As is known to all，Just as property can be divided into movable property and the real estate，Cultural relics can also be divided into mobile cultural relics and cultural relics shall not move。Those who do not move cultural relics such as housing、The grave with removable cultural relics（coin、Ceramics, etc）as，Record the history of the development of human civilization，Bearing the weight of the memory of the human civilization as when we navigated in is full of ancient sweet patina of Paris，We know that this is a history of the city。

　　难道不能用刑罚来惩治那些故意毁坏不可移动文物的行为吗？非也。刑法规定了故意损毁文物罪，是指违反文物保护法规，明知是国家保护的珍贵文物或者被确认为全国重点文物保护单位、省级文物保护单位的文物而予以故意损毁的行为。即使毁坏的不是全国重点文物保护单位、省级文物保护单位的不可移动文物，也不是无法可治。因为，刑法还规定了故意毁坏公私财物罪，是指故意毁灭或者损坏公私财物，数额较大或者有其他严重情节的行为。因此，毁坏一般的不可移动文物，数额达到一定标准，也应当用这一罪名惩治。如果是公职人员指使他人毁坏不可移动文物，达到一定数额，也涉嫌滥用职权罪；如果负有监管职责的公职人员，对他人毁坏不可移动文物的行为不及时制止，则涉嫌玩忽职守罪。

Don't can't use punishment to punish those who deliberately destroy not mobile of cultural relics？Not also。Criminal law of damaging relics intentionally crime，Is in violation of regulations on protection of cultural relics，Knowing it is a valuable cultural relics under state protection or identified as the national key cultural relics protection units、The provincial cultural relics protection units of cultural relics and be deliberately damaged behavior。Even destroy not the national key cultural relics protection units、The provincial cultural relics protection units of cultural relics shall not move，Also is not beyond remedy。because，Criminal law also stipulates the deliberate destruction of public or private property crime，Refers to intentionally destroy or damage public or private property，If the amount is relatively large or if there are other serious circumstances behavior。so，Destroy general any immovable cultural relics，Amount reaches a certain standard，Also ought to use such a crime punishment。If it is public servants letting others destroy not mobile cultural relics，Reaches a certain amount，Also alleged misuse of authority sin；If have the responsibility of supervision and regulation of office personnel，To destroy others cannot move of cultural relics is not stopped in time，The alleged dereliction of duty。

　　法律有明确规定，毁坏不可移动文物却依然猖獗，个中原因，在全国人大的报告中一语道破：“有的地方政府和企业法人刻意规避考古调查勘探而进行工程施工，造成文物损毁消失；有些地区在发展旅游产业时对文物过度利用，甚至为建设旅游景区而损坏文物。”也就是说，在毁坏不可移动文物的背后闪烁着地方政府支持的开发商的影子或者地方政府本身。而这一切，又和地方政府的征地拆迁，与官员们的政绩联系在一起，难以追究刑事责任的难点和奥妙都在于此。

The law has the explicit stipulation，Destroy not mobile cultural relics is still rampant，The reason，In the National People's Congress report their victims：“Some local government and the enterprise legal person deliberately avoiding the archaeological investigation, exploration engineering construction，Damage caused by cultural relics disappear；Some areas in the development of tourism industry of cultural relics when excessive use，Even for the construction of tourism scenic spots and cultural relics damage。”That is，In the destroy of cultural relics shall not move behind shining with local government support, the developer of the shadow or local government itself。And this all，And the local government of the land expropriation，And officials achievements relates in together，Difficult to be investigated for criminal responsibility and the difficulty lies in the secret。

　　当然，毁坏不可移动文物难以追究刑事责任，也与我们对不动产保护不力的大背景有关。在城市建设的浪潮中，政府和开发商随时可以征收公民房屋和土地，我们很少看到政府官员和开发商因为强拆而判刑，倒是经常耳闻公民为保护房屋免于强拆而坐牢。浪潮所至，不可移动文物难免随风飘摇。

Of course，Do not move to destroy of cultural relics shall be investigated for criminal responsibility，And we lack of protection for real estate the background of the relevant。In the tide of urban construction，Government and developers can collect citizen housing and land，We seldom see government officials and developers because cancel key convicted，It is often hear citizens to protect the house from forced releasing and in jail。Wave by，Do not move to cultural relics with the wind swaying。

　　如今，连全国人大的报告都指出“文物安全形势依然严峻”，各地是不是该将追究毁坏不可移动文物的人的刑事责任提到议事日程了呢？

now，Even the National People's Congress reports are pointed out“Cultural relics security situation is still severe”，If all the destroy of cultural relics shall not move the criminal responsibility mention agenda now？