自助游看上去很美 Self-help looks very beautiful

　　“自由且深刻、充满艰辛和诗意”,一度成为自助游一族的推崇口号。

"Free and deep/Full of hardships and poetic",Had become a self-help gens Shared slogan.

　　来自北京的曹女士却用“想起来就后怕”来形容自己若干年前的一次经历。“我们通过网络邀约了4位驴友一起爬五台山,途中突然遇到风雪天气,整个过程都提心吊胆着,生怕意外发生。”曹女士对记者讲完遭遇后表示,从此她就再也不敢参加类似的活动了。

From Beijing with ms cao but"Want to be fear"To describe their several years ago an experience."We through the network invitations for four LvYou wutai mountain climb up,The way suddenly get a storm weather,The process is the fear,Fear accidents."Cao lady told reporters said after finished encounter,From then on she never to a similar activity.

　　据记者调查,各大旅行论坛中的“驴友”们依然热衷于诸如登山、攀岩、漂流等户外自助游。“起初我们也有所担心,但大多抱着不会出事的想法,倒不会考虑发生事故后的问题。”北京资深驴友“身如飞燕”这样告诉记者。

According to the reporter investigation,Each big travel in the BBS"LvYou"Are still keen on such as mountain climbing/Rock climbing/Drift and outdoor self-help."At first we will be worried about,But most will not hold the idea of an accident,But won't consider the problem of the accident after."Beijing LvYou senior"Body such as tiny"Told reporters.

　　一位拥有十余年“驴行”经验的广东驴友“凌风无痕”对记者说,探险式旅行过程中,遭遇坏天气或其他意外情况多少都不可避免,但很多驴友对潜在的危险置若惘然,最终导致悲剧发生。

A has more than 10 years"Donkey line"Experience LvYou guangdong"Glide non-trace"Told reporters,In the process of TanXianShi travel,Encounter the bad weather or other unexpected situation how many are inevitable,But a lot of LvYou the potential danger set if frustrated,Eventually lead to tragedy.

　　有业内人士指出,户外自助游这一形式因过于随意,不论是单人游还是团队式召集,由于旅游者自身缺乏野外生存常识,外加对游玩地带不熟悉,也是容易出现意外的原因之一。

The personage inside course of study points out,Outdoor self-help this one form for too random,Whether single or swim team type called,As tourists to their own lack of field survival common sense,Applied to play zone are not familiar with,Is also prone to one of the reasons for the accident.

　　不过,各地曝光的驴友遇难事件并未让驴友们选择慎行。国内大大小小旅游论坛仍然汇集着各类“结伴出游”的信息。

but,All of the victims LvYou exposure event does not let the donkey friends choose running-in.Domestic greatly small tourism BBS still join all kinds of"Travel companion"information.

　　业内人士对此提醒称,多数“户外自助游”的游客一般都不会选择自行投保,更不会与旅行社签订相关合同,由此埋下很大的风险隐患。此外,部分旅游论坛中还可能会充斥着以结伴旅游为幌子的骗子,行非法经营之实。“驴友在行动前最好多收集目的地信息,多做攻略,如果有条件还可以吸收外国驴友的"探险"经验,以供参考。”曹阳进一步补充说。

The personage inside course of study reminds say this,most"Outdoor self-help"Tourists usually can choose for themselves,More to do with travel agency sign the related contract,Thus buried a lot of risks.In addition,Some tourism BBS also may be filled with to travel companion for a cover cheater,Do illegal business real."LvYou prior to action better collect destination information,Do more strategy,If conditional still can absorb the foreign LvYou"exploration"experience,For reference."CaoYang further added.

　　他还声明,对于正规出游人士,旅行社都会为其强制购买必要保险,从而保障救济前提。“正规的旅游社等机构一般都不自行召集上述驴友活动的”。

He also statement,For normal people to travel,Travel will be for the compulsory purchase necessary insurance,So as to guarantee relief premise."Normal tourism institutions such as clubs are not normally to convene the above LvYou activity".

　　据调查,近年来,因旅行社“组团式”的旅游频遭诟病,使得这种“不受商业蒙蔽和束缚”的旅行方式颇受驴友亲睐。

According to the survey,In recent years,Because of the travel agency"group"Travel for PinZao,Makes this"From business blind and bound"The way to travel a popular LvYou pro-gaze.

　　北京第二外国语学院教授韩玉灵对记者坦言,在我国,由于探险自助游起步较晚,相关的各种规章制度不够健全,应急保障措施不够完善、体系不健全,参与者不仅缺乏相关的专业知识,对探险过程中的风险认识不足,导致事故频频发生。

Beijing second, professor, foreign languages institute HanYuLing said to reporters,In our country,Due to the self-help expedition started late,All kinds of relevant rules and regulations is insufficient,Emergency safeguard measures are not perfect/System is not sound,Participants not only lack of related professional knowledge,In the process of exploration to the risk of lack of understanding,Lead to accidents occurred frequently.

　　华侨大学旅游管理学院副教授谢朝武则表示,在探险型自助旅游活动中,“风险”是诱发和刺激旅游活动的重要成因,虽然旅游者在追求刺激的同时并不欢迎真正的风险,但是由于环境风险的客观存在,探险型自助旅游产生安全事件的概率要高于普通旅游形式,这些安全事件容易给旅游者带来人身风险、财产风险,并可能继发带来法律上的责任风险。

Overseas Chinese university associate professor XieChaoWu tourism management institute, said,In exploration type independent travel activities,"risk"Is induced and stimulating the tourism important causes,Although tourists in the pursuit of stimulation at the same time does not welcome the real risk,But because of the environmental risk objective existence,Adventure type self-help tourism produce safety event probability higher than the ordinary tourism form,These safety events to bring tourists to personal risk/Property risk,And could be secondary to bring legal liability risk.

　　那么,《旅游法》草案能否缓解这一矛盾?

so,[supply]The draft can alleviate this one contradiction?

法律空白致责任认定不一 Legal blank to different responsibility identification

　　“《旅游法》草案洋洋洒洒98条,居然找不到有关自助游、自驾游的任何规范。”北京盈科(武汉)律师事务所律师张绍明在接受记者采访时直言,草案中的第四十六条虽规定了网络旅游经营的法律责任,但自助游和自驾游显然不属于经营。

"[supply]Article 98 the draft at great length,Actually find relevant Tours/Any leading standard."Beijing Pacific(wuhan)Law firm lawyers ZhangShaoMing when accepting a reporter to interview the truth,A draft of the article 46 is set tourism management network of the legal responsibility,But self-help and leading obviously do not belong to the business.

　　2009年,历时两年的我国首例自助游案件“南宁驴友遇难”得以终审判决。

In 2009,,The last two years of our country's first self-help case"Nanning LvYou were killed"To a final decision.

　　据报道,2006年7月7日,广西南宁市民梁某在网上发帖,召集12名“驴友”进行户外探险。7月9日,“驴友”小骆在探险途中因山洪暴发不幸身亡。此后,骆某父母将组织者梁某及其他“驴友”起诉到法院。二审法院最终颠覆一审判决,认定“驴友均无过错”,但也同时要求同行驴友每人酌情给受害人家属适当补偿。

According to the report,On July 7, 2006,Guangxi nanning citizens LiangMou post on the Internet,Called 12"LvYou"Doing outdoor exploration.July 9,"LvYou"Small by the way in exploration for flash flood died.Since then,A pair of parents will organizers LiangMou and other"LvYou"Sue to the court.Eventually toppled the second instance court verdict,that"LvYou were no fault",But also for each peer LvYou discretion to the victim's family appropriate compensation.

　　多年担任旅行社法务顾问的江苏德善律师事务所律师姚希康对记者说,其实《民法通则》、《合同法》、《侵权法》、《消费者权益保护法》等法律完全涵盖了《旅游法》中关于旅行安全的相关规定。“草案毫无新内容,更谈不上对游客利益的特殊保护”。

For many years as a travel agency legal adviser of jiangsu DE good law firm lawyers YaoXiKang told reporters,In fact[The general principles of the civil law]/[Contract law]/[Tort law]/[The consumer rights and interests protection law]And other laws fully covered[supply]On the relevant provisions of the safe to travel."The draft no new content,Let alone the interests of the special protection to visitors".

　　今年8月,《中国旅游安全报告(2012)》出炉。前述学者谢朝武担任该报告执行主编,他告诉记者,由于自助旅游本身还处在发展当中,自助旅游及其安全风险在原因、表现、责任归属等很多层面在较大的争议,目前阶段似乎难以形成法律上的共识,这是《旅游法》未对其进行有效规范的重要原因。

August,[China's tourism security report(2012)]are.The XieChaoWu scholars as the report executive editor,He told reporters,Due to the self-help tourism itself is still in development of,Self-help tourism and its safety risk in reason/performance/Responsibility many levels, such as in the larger dispute,At present stage seems to be difficult to form the consensus of the law,This is[supply]Not to carry on the effective standard important reason.

　　张绍明称,事故发生后,“驴头”是否该承责成为争论焦点。“南宁驴友遇难”案采用了公平原则为判决依据,部分案件还依据合同的附随义务或侵权法中的安全保障义务等,但从法理上来说,这些依据都难以有说服力。

ZhangShaoMing says,After the accident,"horsehead"Whether or not the bearing oblige for debate focus."Nanning LvYou were killed"Case adopted the principle of fairness for judgment basis,Part of the case is also based on the contract or tort law collateral obligation of safety guarantee obligation, etc,But for from legal principle,These basis can hardly convincing.

　　张绍明进一步分析指出,现行法规中只有最高人民法院《关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第6条第一款略有相关规定:从事住宿、餐饮、娱乐等经营活动或者其他社会活动的自然人、法人、其他组织未尽合理限度范围内的安全保障义务致使他人遭受人身损害赔偿权利人请求其承担相应赔偿责任的人民法院应予支持。

ZhangShaoMing further analysis,The current laws and regulations, only the supreme people's court[Concerning the trial of cases on compensation for personal injury applicable law the explanation of some issues]The first paragraph of article 6 slightly relevant regulations: engaged in accommodation/catering/Entertainment business activities or other social activities of the natural person/Legal person/Other organizations not completely reasonable limit within the scope of the security obligation to cause others to suffer person damages holder requests the bear corresponding liability for compensation of the people's court shall support.

　　“驴行的组织者是否承担责任取决于两个方面的因素:其一,驴行是否构成其他社会活动;其二,组织者是否未尽合理限度范围内的安全保障义务。即便将自助户外活动定义为“其他社会活动”,驴头是从事其他社会活动的人,但自助游的性质大致分为两种:一种是AA制;另一种是俱乐部性质带着一定的营利性。从法律原理上讲,是否营利将影响个案中当事人安全保障义务的有无及轻重程度,但这种安全保障义务是否存在,法理上基于什么以以及轻重如何判断都无规定。”张绍明为此补充说明。

"The donkey done whether organizers responsibility depends on two factors: one,The donkey is a line of other social activities;The second,Organizers is not completely reasonable limit within the scope of the security obligation.Even if will self-help outdoor activities defined as"Other social activities",The donkey head is engaged in other social activities,But the nature of the self-help roughly divided into two kinds: one kind is AA system;Another kind is the club nature bring a certain nonprofit.From the legal principle speaking,Profit will affect whether the case of security obligation has it's too late weight degree,But the safety guarantee obligation whether there is,The legal principle based on what and how to judge by weight no provision."ZhangShaoMing therefore footnote.

　　张绍明接着声称,法律的空白直接导致各地法院判决的混乱。北京市海淀区人民法院曾于2008年9月终审驳回“灵山驴友案”中的死者父母对其他登山队员的诉讼请求,判定结果为危险自负。

ZhangShaoMing then said,Legal blank led directly to the court decision of each district court of chaos.Beijing's haidian district people's court has in September 2008 the rejected"Lingshan LvYou case"Parents of the dead for other climbers lawsuit request,Decision results for dangerous conceit.

　　“对这一需要亟待解决的法律问题,《旅游法》草案却只字未提,导致各地法院只能从现有其它法律中寻求依据,观点尚不统一。”张律师为此总结道。

"The need to be urgently addressed legal problems,[supply]The draft is no,Around the court to only from existing other laws for basis,Point of view is not yet uniform."Lucas is therefore concluded.

　　学者谢朝武因此建议出台相关司法解释,对当前阶段自助游所出现的纠纷确立统一的裁判尺度,从而决自助游所出现的纠纷和潜在隐患。

Scholars XieChaoWu therefore suggested to publish relevant judicial interpretation,In the current stage in self-help disputes to establish unified the referee scale,Thus never self-help in disputes and potential hidden trouble.

自助游风险何去何从? Self-help risk what course to follow?

　　记者通过知名自助游机构“绿野-户外活动”了解到,该机构多数驴友所发布的活动均标明系所谓“纯粹驴行”,费用都实行AA制。

Reporter through the famous self-help mechanism"Wizard - outdoor activities"To understand,The agency LvYou issued by most of the activities are so-called indicate system"Pure donkey line",Expenses are the AA system.

　　9月24日,一位驴友在该论坛发布了“探路赏秋”旅行帖,帖中注明此活动具探路性质,请慎报。“我们的活动计划三天时间,强度比较大,想要报名的只能进行跟帖,其他方式都无效,保险等事宜驴友自行解决。”针对记者的电话咨询,召集者匆忙挂断。

On September 24,A LvYou in this BBS released"Units enjoy autumn"Travel for,1 indicate this activity with units properties,Please quote in."Our activity plan three days time,Intensity is bigger,Want to sign up the post can only carry on,Other ways are invalid,Insurance and other matters LvYou solve itself."According to reporter telephone consultation,Caller hung up in a hurry.

　　此外,帖中还特意写明:本活动为非营利自助户外活动,有一定的危险性和不可预知性,参加者对自己的行为及后果负完全责任。领队组除不对任何由户外运动本身具有的风险以及往返路途中发生的危险所产生的后果负责。

In addition,Post which are specifically spelled: this activity for non-profit self-help outdoor activities,Have a certain risk and unpredictability,Participants for their own behavior and take full responsibility for the consequences.The leader group in addition to any wrong by outdoor sports itself has the risk and return journey occurred in danger on the consequences of responsible for.

　　对此,张绍明表示,成年网友间自行开展的盈利性自助游活动的风险事故责任理应自负。原则上来说,各类网络论坛、同行驴友所发布的“召集令”在法律上无责,法院也面临找不到承责依据的困惑。“但不管怎样,最大的受害者还是遇险的驴友”。

this,ZhangShaoMing said,Adult net friend to carry out between the profitability self-help activities risk accident liability should be proud.In principle,,All kinds of network BBS/LvYou counterparts they publish"call-up"In the law without responsibility,The court also face can't find bearing responsibility according to the confusion."But no matter how,The biggest victims or LvYou in distress".

　　对于有专家提出应对“驴头”进行风险责任界定一说,张绍明则认为,此举并不利这一新兴旅游方式的发展,最好的方式是通过保险来规避风险。不过,对于那些不是旅游景点的自助旅游项目,保险公司往往会以“探险”为由主张免责。张绍明因此建议,除了应规定自助游组织者必须督促驴友购买意外伤害保险外,还应同时将保险公司作为第一责任人,规定其不得以探险、不可抗力等事由主张免责。

For experts to deal with"horsehead"Definition of risk responsibility said,ZhangShaoMing argue that,The move and disadvantage of this new way of tourism development,The best way is through the insurance to avoid risk.but,For those who are not tourist attractions of the self-help tourism projects,Insurance companies tend to"exploration"Claim exemption for.ZhangShaoMing therefore suggest,In addition to provisions should be self-help organizers must supervise and urge LvYou accident insurance outside,At the same time should also be the insurance company as the first responsible persons,Provisions in the expedition/Force majeure, etc reason claim exemption.

　　北京第二外国语学院教授韩玉灵在接受记者采访时声称,类似“结伴出游”等形式的自助游因涉及问题较多,诸如结伴人的出行约定、旅游目的地可进入性与责任的分配、公益救援费用的承担等,暂不宜在《旅游法》草案中进行过细规制。但他同时强调,从立法角度上需要规定国家主管部门制定安全标准、风险评估的职责、规定参与人相关权利义务及责任承担,另外,还需要探讨探险执业人资格认证制度。

Beijing second, professor, foreign languages institute HanYuLing when accepting a reporter to interview said,similar"Travel companion"The form of self-help due to the more,In such as the travel contract/Tourist destination accessibility and the allocation of responsibility/The cost of public welfare relief for etc,Temporary is unfavorable in[supply]The draft for meticulous regulation.But he also stressed,From the Angle of legislation to provisions formulated by the competent department in charge state safety standards/The assessment of risk responsibility/Provisions of relevant participant rights and obligations and liability,In addition,Also need to discuss who exploration practice qualification certification system.

　　学者谢朝武则向记者阐述称,欧美许多国家对自助探险旅游活动的参与者进行进入许可,并按照旅游地的风险等级来要求参与者的资质条件、设备配备条件等,同时将其与能否进行保险赔偿进行关联,从而约束旅游者的个人英雄主义行为。“除此之外还强调利用保险手段来进行风险管控;强调建立融合公共救援、公益救援和商业救援相结合的综合救援机制,提升旅游安全的救援能力。”谢教授补充说。“这样才能最大程度地解决"驴友之困"。”韩玉灵教授对此也深表认可。

The paper XieChaoWu scholars to the reporter said,Many countries in Europe and America to self-help adventure tourism activities of participants admission,And according to the risk of tourism level to ask the participant qualifications/Equipment is equipped with conditions, etc,At the same time can with the insurance compensation for the correlation,Thus constraint tourists personal heroism behavior."In addition also stressed use insurance means to risk control;The emphasis on the establishment of fusion public relief/Public welfare relief and rescue business combination of comprehensive relief mechanism,Ascension tourism safety rescue ability."Thank professor added."In order to solve the maximum"The trapped LvYou"."HanYuLing professors are deeply recognition.

近年来“驴友”意外伤亡事故 In recent years"LvYou"Accident casualty accidents

　　2002年10月5日,8名上海大学生在井冈山原始森林探险时,干粮耗尽,2名女队员虚脱,报警求助。经历26小时生死营救后,8人成功获救,200多人参与营救。

On October 5, 2002,Eight Shanghai university students in the jinggang mountains when the primeval forest adventure,Solid food exhausted,Two women collapse,Alarm for help.26 hours after the rescue experience of life and death,Eight people were rescued successfully,More than 200 people to participate in the rescue.

　　2004年7月3日,3名分别来自北京大学和清华大学的学生在贵州省六枝县老王山登山时发生事故,其中一人坠崖身亡。

On July 3, 2004,Three were from Peking University and tsinghua university students in guizhou province LiuZhi county Lao wang when mountain mountain accident,One of them falling cliff died.

　　2005年8月4日,北大一学生在凤凰岭爬山遇险。海淀警方、999急救中心和景区管理处数十人冒雨展开3小时营救,最后该生因伤势过重身亡。

On August 4, 2005,A student at Peking University in phoenix valley mountain climbing distress.Haidian police/999 emergency center and the scenic area management on dozens of people in the rain 3 hours rescue,Finally the student died of his wounds.

　　2006年5月3日,三批北京游客42人在库布其沙漠遇险,其中包括5名清华大学学生,最终有41人获救,1名27岁的女游客遇难。

On May 3, 2006,Three group of Beijing tourist 42 people in KuBuJi desert distress,Including five tsinghua university students,Finally have 41 people were rescued,1 27-year-old female tourists were killed.

　　2007年3月10日,11名驴友在从门头沟柏峪口向灵山攀登途中迷路,其中一名女子死亡,另一名男子因虚脱和视力受损被送往医院。

March 10, 2007,11 LvYou from vallely cypress valley mouth to lingshan climbing lost on the way,One woman died,Another man for collapse and visually impaired were taken to the hospital.

　　2008年5月3日,新疆4名驴友随队穿越狼塔C线,乘车行至106团煤矿附近时,所乘车辆被山上滚落的巨石砸中,驴友“昆仑老玉”遇难,另有一人重伤,两人轻伤。

On May 3, 2008,Xinjiang four LvYou team through the Wolf tower C line,Ride step to 106 group near coal mine,In vehicles will be the mountains of the tumble up stones,LvYou"Kunlun old jade"Were killed,Another seriously injured,Two passengers were slightly injured.

　　2008年12月30日,北京驴友“彪悍的人生”被证实在徒步攀登四川雅拉雪山时猝死。

December 30, 2008,Beijing LvYou"Tough life"Confirmed in hiking climbing snow-capped mountains in sichuan YaLa when sudden death.

　　2009年3月1日,北京5名大学生在怀柔渤海镇附近攀爬野长城,因体力不支,被困悬崖峭壁。当地民警会同消防支队赶赴现场搜救,所幸无人伤亡。

On March 1, 2009,Beijing five college students in bohai sea near the town of huairou climbing the Great Wall wild,Because of the collapses,Trapped cliff.Local police in conjunction with fire team search and rescue team to the scene,But no one casualties.

　　2009年7月11日,重庆万州区潭獐峡流域山洪暴发,35名“驴友”遇险,上千名救援人员连日搜救,最终确认19人遇难,16人获救,被称为“中国户外活动史上最大灾难”。

July 11, 2009,Chongqing WanZhouOu pool roe gorge basin flash flood,35"LvYou"distress,For thousands of rescue workers search and rescue,Final confirmation 19 people were killed,16 people were rescued,called"China outdoor activity history the biggest disaster".

　　2009年8月15日,18名上海“驴友”组成探险队,徒步穿越浙江景宁炉西峡时发生意外,3名“驴友”被山洪冲走。

August 15, 2009,18 Shanghai"LvYou"Composition expedition,Walking across zhejiang jingning furnace XiXia an accident,three"LvYou"By mountain torrents wash away the.

　　2010年7月17日,27名上海“驴友”、30名浙江“驴友”在浙江文成县铜铃山因暴雨被困,最后56人获救,1人遇难。

July 17, 2010,27 Shanghai"LvYou"/30 zhejiang"LvYou"In zhejiang TongLing wencheng mountain trapped by heavy rain,The last 56 people were rescued,1 people were killed.

　　2011年6月18日新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州和静县发生的泥石流导致由37名网友自发组织的旅游团被困,3人不幸遇难,34人获救。

June 18, 2011 the general xinjiang Mongolian autonomous prefecture HeJingXian happen mudslides in 37 name by netizens spontaneously organization tour was trapped,Three people were killed,34 people were rescued.

　　2012年4月3日,深圳一驴友参加从深圳大梅沙到水祖坑的户外拉练活动,中途脱离队伍,最终遇难。

On April 3, 2012,Shenzhen a LvYou from shenzhen to the big plum sand to water face to the pit tour outdoor activities,Midway from team,Finally died.

　　2012年7月13日,新疆克拉玛依21名驴友徒步登山遭遇山洪,其中1人遇难。

On July 13, 2012,Xinjiang karamay 21 name LvYou hiking mountaineering encounter flash floods,One of the people were killed.