有限的预算、全球的期待，伦敦面临不小压力。淡然伦敦雄心勃勃，宣布要打造一次前所未有“可持续的”奥运会，比赛使用的场馆则是重头戏。

Limited budget、Global look forward to，London faced heavy pressure。London had ambitious，Announced to build an unprecedented“sustainable”The Olympic Games，The use of game venues is grand opera。

　　奥运场馆的建设和使用，奥运“遗产”的后续管理以及与所处地区的“互动配合”，成为这次伦敦奥运的亮点之一。为此，本报记者专访了伦敦奥组委“可持续发展委员会”主席肖恩·麦卡斯和“伦敦碗”设计师菲利普·詹森，请他们谈谈伦敦奥运场馆的设计。本报记者王勇 伦敦报道

The construction of the Olympic venues and use，Olympic“heritage”Follow-up management, and with the area“Interaction with”，Become the highlight of the London Olympic Games one。therefore，Our newspaper reporter to interview the London Olympic organizing committee“Sustainable development committee”President Sean wheat kass and“London bowl”Stylist Philip Johnson，Please them to talk about the design of the London Olympic venues。Our reporter wang yong in London said

25%的场馆原材料可重复使用 25% of the venues raw materials can be used

　　现代奥运会创始人顾拜旦1911年曾抱怨在举办奥运会上出现的“过分开支”现象，并提醒说：“临时性的建筑就足够了。”

The founder of the modern Olympic Games baron DE coubertin in 1911 to host the Olympic Games has complained that in appear on“Excessive spending”phenomenon，And warn：“Temporary building is enough。”

　　2012伦敦奥运会34个比赛场馆，只有14个新建体育馆，其中有8个临时场馆，6个永久性场馆。大量使用现有场馆，建设临时性场馆，成为伦敦奥运“可持续性”的理念的体现。

2012 London Olympic Games 34 games venues，Only 14 new stadium，There are eight temporary venues，Six permanent venue。The use of existing venues，Construction temporary venues，Become the London games“sustainable”The embodiment of the idea。

　　以“伦敦碗”为例。“伦敦碗建设时减少了顶棚的设计，只能遮盖场馆2/3的观众；伦敦碗也采用了北京鸟巢使用过的新型钢材，比传统体育馆要轻。”肖恩·麦卡斯说，“实际上，伦敦碗只使用了北京鸟巢一半的材料，而且开放式的结构节约了照明耗能。”

to“London bowl”For example。“London bowl when construction to reduce the ceiling design，Can only cover venues two-thirds of the audience；London bowl also USES the Beijing bird's nest used new type steel，Than traditional stadium to light。”Sean wheat kass says，“In fact，London bowl using only the Beijing bird's nest half of the material，And the structure of the open saved lighting energy consumption。”

　　对于建筑材料的使用方面，肖恩·麦卡斯说，伦敦奥运会每一个场馆，25%的原材料必须是可持续性使用的。“拆除的场馆中，钢管、铝等副产品将会公开拍卖销售，售价低于市价。大量可持续性使用原材料的出现，实际上在英国开创可持续性材料买卖的市场，”肖恩说。

For the use of building materials，Sean wheat kass says，The London Olympic Games every venue，25% of the raw materials must be sustainable use。“Dismantle the venues，Steel pipe、Aluminium as a by-product will public auction sales，Price below the market price。A large number of sustainable use the emergence of raw materials，In fact in Britain create sustainable materials trading market，”Sean says。

独立机构监督场馆建设和运营 Independent institutions supervision and venue construction and operation

　　有效的管理是伦敦的另一个秘诀。“伦敦的理念是设置清晰、可行的。我们不会说尽可能地减少碳排放，而是确定减少50%碳排放的目标。”肖恩·麦卡斯称，“伦敦的管理方式值得称赞，可持续性奥运的目标是日常管理的一部分，而非一个可有可无的概念。”

Effective management is the London another secret。“The concept of London is to set clear、feasible。We can't speak as much as possible to reduce carbon emissions，But sure to reduce carbon emissions 50% target。”Sean wheat kass says，“London management way is worth praise，Sustainability Olympic goal is part of the daily management，Rather than a dispensable concept。”

　　为此，伦敦奥组委设置了一些独立的机构比如“可持续发展委员会”，如果场馆建设和运营达不到“可持续性”的标准，“可持续发展委员会”有独立的汇报系统，并能决定关停场馆建设和运营。英国文化体育大臣罗伯森称，目前已收到四份商业利用伦敦奥运主体育场的竞标书，伦敦碗将最迟于2014年投入商业运营。

therefore，London Olympic organizing committee set up some independent institutions such as“Sustainable development committee”，If the venue construction and operation can not reach“sustainable”standard，“Sustainable development committee”Independent reporting system，And decided to shut down the venue construction and operation。The British sports minister Robertson said，Has already received four commercial use of London the main Olympic stadium bid book，London bowl of the late in 2014 put into commercial operation。

[对话] 标志性建筑，伦敦已经很多了 [dialogue] landmark building，London has a lot of

　　伦敦奥运场馆建造顾问、“伦敦碗”设计公司Populous设计师菲利普·詹森现在的工作是，考虑奥运会后体育场怎么改造，“我真的很想帮助主体育场进入它的下一个阶段。它就像一个你刚带到这个世界上的婴儿，你必须帮助这个婴儿成长到进入大学，或者找到一份工作。”

London Olympic venues construction consultant、“London bowl”Design company Populous designer Philip Johnson now work is，Consider how to reform after the Olympic Games stadium，“I really want to help main stadium into its next stage。It is just like the one you just brought to the world the baby，You must help the baby grow to enter the university，Or find a job。”

　　潇湘晨报：伦敦奥运会场馆建设和使用有何独特的地方？

Xiaoxiang morning：London Olympic venue construction and use what unique place？

　　菲利普·詹森：伦敦真正的需求是什么，能够为伦敦带来什么，留下什么，是我们考虑的重点。此外，我们尽可能充分地使用了现有场馆。我们甚至考虑过不建设主场馆，直接使用温布利体育馆，但是离市区太远，后来放弃。

Philip Johnson：London really need is what，For the London can bring what，Leave what，Is the emphasis of our thinking。In addition，We as fully as possible to use the existing venues。We even considered not construction stadium，Direct use of wembley stadium，But's too far from the town，Then give up。

　　建设临时性场馆不是伦敦的独创，但伦敦最大的不同是，临时性场馆占的比重要比新建的永久性场馆大，而且能设置在伦敦独特的中心区域公园，设在伦敦的标志性建筑附近，所以，人们能在英国唐宁街十号首相府附近看到沙滩排球场。伦敦这样做的原因是，我们不需要建造大规模的、奥运会后用不上的永久性场馆。

Construction temporary venues is not the original London，But London's biggest difference is，Temporary venues of than the new permanent big venues，And can set in London unique the central area of the park，In London landmark building nearby，so，People in Britain number 10 downing street near respectively see beach volleyball court。The reason for doing this is London，We don't need to build large-scale、After the Olympics, the use of permanent venue。

　　潇湘晨报：“可持续性”的理念在伦敦的场馆设计和建设中得到怎样体现？

Xiaoxiang morning：“sustainable”The idea of London's venue design and construction for how to reflect？

　　菲利普·詹森：当谈到建筑的可持续性时，人们想到的是节约的材料和能源。大型体育场馆不是每天都用，每年可能只使用几次，因此，在建造时考虑耗费的材料和能源才是关键。在伦敦的奥运场馆中，我们使用的混凝土能够粉碎后再利用，拆解的钢管也能再次利用。

Philip Johnson：When it comes to the sustainability of architecture when，People think of saving material and energy。Stadium is not everyday use，Each year could use only a few times，therefore，When it was built considering the cost of material and energy is the key。In London in the Olympic venues，We use the concrete can after smashing reuse，Disassemble the steel pipe can also use again。

　　潇湘晨报：伦敦的需求决定了奥运场馆的建设。Populous公司设计过“南京奥体中心”。您觉得中国和英国在对待大型体育场馆方面有何差异？

Xiaoxiang morning：London's demand determines the construction of Olympic venues。Populous company designed“Nanjing Olympic sports center”。Do you think China and Britain in treating large sports venues have difference？

　　菲利普·詹森：大型体育场馆因为其独特的设计和不同于其他建筑的规模，很容易成为城市的象征和地标。英国伦敦基于自己的需求，特意建设结构简单、容易识别、可以拆解的场馆，没有必要为了让体育场馆成为城市地标性建筑而去建设。伦敦已经有很多标志性的建筑，我们不需要为了展示伦敦的魅力而从特殊的方式上去表达。

Philip Johnson：Stadium because of its unique design and different from the size of the other buildings，It's easy to become the symbol of the city and landmark。London based on your own needs，Specially construction structure is simple、Easy to recognize、Can disassemble venues，There is no need to in order to make sports venues become city landmark and to construction。London has a lot of landmark building，We don't need to show the charm of London from special way up expression。

　　潇湘晨报：您怎样看待体育、公众、体育场馆之间的关系？

Xiaoxiang morning：How do you treat the sports、public、The relationship between the sports venues？

　　菲利普·詹森：公众的参与是体育场馆建设的目的。我们建造的不仅仅是一个体育场馆，而是一个与社区结合、吸引公众参与的综合体。伦敦奥运会的遗产不只是那些场馆，而是场馆带动的周边公众参与体育。

Philip Johnson：Public participation is the purpose of the construction of sports venues。We build is not only a sports venues，But a combination with the community、To attract public participation in the synthesis。London's Olympic heritage is not only the venues，But the venue drive peripheral public participation in sports。

50%的奥运村住房将变成保障房 50% of the Olympic village housing will become safeguard room

[场馆变身] [venues Cinderella]

　　伦敦碗下层的2.5万个座椅为固定座椅，外围架设有一个可拆卸的轻质铁架作为附加的5.5万个座椅的看台。奥运结束后，这些座椅将会被拆除，伦敦碗将瘦身为一个小得多的体育场。

London in the lower bowl 25000 seats for the fixed seat，Peripheral erection has a removable light steel tower as an additional 55000 seat stands。After the end of the Olympic Games，The seat will be removed，London bowl will thin body as a much smaller stadium。

　　曾经明星云集的奥运村会重新装修，铺上新地板，设置厨房，变成2818套单元房。其中1379套单元房将作为保障房。“50%的奥运村住宅将向穷人开放，另一半向私人开放拍卖。”肖恩·麦卡斯称。“预计第一位房客将在2013年下半年入住。”

Once a star-studded Olympic village will redecorating，New on the shop floor，Set kitchen，Become 2818 flat。1379 of them flat will serve as security room。“50% of the Olympic village residence will be open to the poor，The other half to private open auction。”Sean wheat kass says。“The first is expected to tenants will in the second half of 2013。”

　　距离“伦敦碗”不远的奥运会游泳馆“海浪”，1.75万个座位奥运会后仅留下2500个。场内的3个大型泳池，将被划分成5个泳池，向公众开放。

distance“London bowl”Not far from the Olympic Games swimming pool“waves”，17500 seats left only after the Olympic Games 2500。The field of three large swimming pool，Will be divided into five swimming pool，Open to the public。

　　拥有1.2万个座位的伦敦奥运会自行车馆——奥运倾斜赛车馆，其中6000个座位为临时座位。在奥运会后，这里的赛道将进行适当改建，以便同山地车道及其他自行车运动道结合，建成一个面向社会的“自行车运动园”。水球馆和篮球馆等临时性场馆将被彻底拆除。

Of the 12000 seats in the London Olympic Games bicycle museum - the Olympic inclined racing museum，The 6000 seats for temporary seat。After the Olympic Games，Here's the track will be appropriate reconstruction，So that with mountain lane and other cycling way combining，Built a community oriented“Cycling garden”。Water arena and basketball gymnasium has been equipped with temporary venues such as will be completely removed。