十年“逆水行舟”   Ten years“Against the current good boat”  坚持“还湖于民” Insist on“Farmland in the people”

　　今年63岁的沈仲华从小在西湖边长大，因为酷爱摄影，用相机记录下了西湖几十年的变迁。在沈仲华的记忆中，过去的西湖四周围绕着大大小小几十个私家花园，对外开放的范围非常有限，许多有特色的建筑物和博物馆，游客们只能站在栏杆外面远远欣赏，难以见其真容。

This year, the 63-year-old ShenZhongHua grew up in the west lake grow up，Because love photography，Use camera to record the west lake decades of change。In ShenZhongHua memory，The past around west lake around greatly small dozens of private garden，Open range is very limited，Many have characteristics of buildings and museum，Visitors can only stand outside in the railings far appreciate，Hard to see the ZhenRong。

　　2002年，这种情况得到了改变，西湖景区开始施行“免费开放”，受到了社会的极大关注，一时间，叫好声、质疑声纷至沓来。如何在“后免费时代”维持景区的开支、如何管理猛增的游客数量成为争议最大的两个问题。即便如此，杭州市决定“还湖于民”的信心依旧没有动摇。“西湖是属于公众的，应该将西湖的每一寸土地还给公众，让老百姓共享。”杭州市园林文物局局长刘颖说。

2002 years，This kind of situation got the change，The west lake scenic area to perform“Free and open”，By the social attention，time，JiaoHaoSheng、Misgivings about follow。How to“Free time after”Maintain scenic spot of spending、How to manage surge in the number of visitors become the most controversial two questions。Even so，Hangzhou decided to“Farmland in the people”Confidence is still not be moved。“The west lake is belong to the public，Should the west lake every inch of the land back to the public，Let people sharing。”Hangzhou botanical garden cultural relics bureau chief LiuYing said。

　　十年间，西湖相继取消了130多个景点的门票，占景点总数的70%以上；免费开放的景区面积达到了2000多公顷，成为中国第一家也是迄今为止唯一一家不收门票的5A级景区，在全国各大景点门票一片“涨”声中，免费的西湖更加引人注目。

Ten years，The west lake scenic spots have had to cancel more than 130 tickets，Accounting for more than 70% of the total number of spots；Free and open the area is reached more than 2000 hectares，Became the first Chinese enterprise also is so far the only A don't accept ticket 5 a-class scenic spot，In the whole nation each big attractions tickets a“up”The sound of a，Free of the west lake more dramatic。

　　同时，西湖的免费政策也拉开了旨在恢复西湖生态、还原历史空间的西湖综合保护工程的序幕。十年间，杭州相继对西湖南线、新湖滨景区、梅家坞茶文化村、北山街历史文化街区、西湖博物馆、西湖“十景”、六和塔、飞来峰造像等进行修复和整治，拆除西湖周边50多万平方米有碍观瞻的违章建筑，恢复1800余处自然景观。

At the same time，The west lake of free policy also pulled open aims to regain ecological west lake、Reduction of the space history of comprehensive protection engineering the prelude of the west lake。Ten years，One of the west lake forms to hangzhou、The new lake scenic area、Plum home village dock tea culture、Beishan street historical street、The west lake museum、The west lake“Ten views”、Six harmonies pagoda、These klippen statues of repair and renovation，Demolition around west lake more than m2 building of violate the rules are much more，Recovery in more than 1800 natural landscape。

“保护”与“开发” “protection”and“development”实现和谐统一 Realization of a harmonious unity

　　有“天下第一湖”之称的西湖位于杭州市市中心，湖、城紧密相连，相得益彰。但和国内其他景区一样，随着城市化进程的不断加快，“浓妆淡抹总相宜”的西湖也绕不过“保护”与“开发”这一对难题。

have“The first one lake”The west lake in hangzhou city centre located in known，lake、City is closely connected，Bring out the best in each other。But and other domestic scenic spot，With the accelerating urbanization，“Thick makeup weak wipe always undesirable”West lake around but also“protection”and“development”This pair of problem。

　　“实际上，西湖的申遗过程实际是一个摸索、研究以及保护的过程，在这十年时间里，我们都在探索西湖的价值和定位。”曾经全程参与西湖申遗工作的杭州市园林文物局文物处处长卓军说。

“In fact，The lake's "off is actually a process maturity、Research and protection of the process，In the ten years，We are all in the exploration of the west lake in value and positioning。”Once fully involved in the left the city of hangzhou west lake "work WenWuChu cultural relics bureau director ZhuoJun garden said。

　　十年间，随着西湖免费脚步的不断推进，西湖模式的雏形也在逐渐地清晰，即以“还湖于民”为核心，坚持保护与开发并进，在游客们免费欣赏西湖的美丽风景、感受独特人文魅力的同时，对西湖进行科学、合理的开发。

Ten years，Along with the development of the west lake steps for free，The west lake in the prototype of the model also gradually clear，Namely to“Farmland in the people”As the core，Insist on protection and development hand in hand，In the visitors enjoy the beautiful scenery of the west lake for free、Feel unique humanistic charm at the same time，To the west lake for science、Reasonable developing。

　　卓军将西湖模式概括为“三个减法”。即首先在遗产区的外面划定一个缓冲区，减少缓冲区内的建设、土地开发等各种生产生活行为；其次，通过《西湖文化景观保护管理条例》，用立法的方式明确规定什么可为，什么不可为，减少人为破坏因素；最后，制定《杭州西湖文化景观保护规划》，提出近、中、远期目标，从规划上减少城市对西湖的不良影响。

ZhuoJun will be summarized in the west lake mode“Three subtraction”。That is the first in heritage defined outside a buffer，Reduce the construction in the buffer、Land development and other various production life behavior；second，Through the《The west lake cultural landscape protection management regulations》，The way with legislation clearly stipulated for what，What not to，Reduce artificial damage factors；finally，make《Hangzhou west lake cultural landscape protection planning》，Puts forward nearly、in、Long-dated goal，From the city planning to reduce the bad influence of the west lake。

　　通过不断的努力，西湖也在“开发”与“保护”这道难题上交了一份令人满意的答卷。

Through the continuous effort，The west lake is also in“development”and“protection”The difficult problem in a satisfactory results。

西湖成功模式   为何鲜有后来者 The west lake success mode   Why few late

　　据杭州市旅游委员会统计，西湖实行免票的第一年，杭州市的旅游总人数为2757.98万人次，旅游总收入为294亿元；2011年，旅游总人数达到7487.27万人次，旅游总收入为1191亿元，是2002年的四倍。可以说，杭州用实际行动证明了西湖模式的成功，赢得了业内外口碑和经济利益的双丰收。

According to hangzhou Tourist Board statistics，The west lake in the first year of free，Hangzhou city to tourism total number of 27.5798 million people，Total tourism revenue for 29.4 billion yuan；2011 years，Tourism total number about 74.8727 million passengers，Total tourism revenue for 119.1 billion yuan，Four times the number in 2002。Can say，Hangzhou proved model of successful west lake，To win the public praise and economic benefits of this double harvest。

　　但是十年来，西湖的成功模式却少有复制。

But 10 years，The success of the west lake mode but little copy。

　　究其原因，主观意识的落后、追求短期的门票利益、缺乏有效的产业规划等都脱不了干系。但是杭州西湖风景名胜区管委会规划建设局局长华茵则认为，缺乏统一的管理才是导致景区门票扶摇而上的主因。“往往会有多个部门共同管理一个景区，它们之间存在着利益纠葛，很难凝聚成一股强有力的管理力量。”在杭州，整个西湖景区60平方公里范围内的保护、利用、规划、建设职能都由唯一一个管理机构西湖风景名胜区管委会所承担。

Investigate its reason，The subjective consciousness behind、Pursuit of short-term interests tickets、The lack of effective industry planning and so on all be partly to blame。But hangzhou west lake scenic spot the ac planning bureau chief HuaYin is considered，Lack of unified management is the lead to scenic spot tickets soaring alterations。“Often can have more than one department to manage a scenic spot，Between them after interests，It is difficult to converge into a stream of the strong management power。”In hangzhou，The whole 60 square kilometers to the west lake scenic area within the scope of protection、use、planning、Construction function only a management institutions by the west lake scenic spot the ac undertaken。

　　“还湖于民、以人为本、传承文化、保护生态，这是西湖的成功秘诀，我相信，它会向四周逐渐扩散、传播，总有一天，其他地方也会慢慢接受它。”刘颖说。

“Farmland in the people、It is with the person this、culture、Protect the ecological，This is the secret of success in the west lake，I believe that，It will be around to gradually spread、spread，Will one day，Other local slowly also accept it。”LiuYing said。