“昆明拟对滇池流域2920平方公里范围内的五华、盘龙、官渡、呈贡、晋宁等6个县区的酒店、旅社入住者，按每人每天10元的标准收取滇池生态资源补偿费，”这条引自7月31日《春城晚报》的消息最近被多家媒体转载，在网上引起了轩然大波。虽然这一收费计划还有待报请云南省人大审议通过，但是坊间舆论都纷纷予以质疑。

“Kunming dianchi lake watershed is to 2920 square km within the scope of the five China、panlong、guandu、ChengGong、Six counties including jinning hotel、Hotel check-in the，10 yuan per person a day by the standard collection ecological resource compensation dianchi lake，”This one came from July 31,《Spring evening news》The news was recently many media reprinted，In the Internet caused a stir。Although the rate plan remains to be submitted to the National People's Congress adopted by yunnan province，But among the public opinion would have to be questioned。

　　按照昆明市旅游局统计数据显示，昆明2011年共接待海内外游客超过4000万人次，以此计算，酝酿之中的滇池生态资源补偿费一旦开征，每名游客只要在昆明住上一天，就可以为治理和保护“滇池生态资源”贡献4亿元。但是，滇池的生态治理是否应该让游客来买单以弥补资金缺口？以“湖泊治理”为名来征收生态资源补偿费又是否合法？生态保护是否只能通过提高景区收费的方式来实现？

Kunming municipal tourism administration in accordance with the statistics，Kunming 2011 a total of over 40 million tourists，This calculation，Brewing dianchi lake of ecological resource compensation once levy，Each tourists in kunming on live as long as a day，For management and protection“Ecological resources dianchi lake”Contribute 400 million yuan。but，The ecological management whether it should be dianchi lake let visitors to pay to make up for the funding gap？to“lakes”As to the ecological resource compensation and on whether legal？Ecological protection by improving the scenic spot whether can only charge ways？

三年筹划 Three years planning

滇池生态补偿费征收方式待定 Ecological compensation dianchi lake collection approach to be fixed

　　为了核实“昆明市拟征收滇池生态资源补偿费”这一消息，本报记者联系了昆明市滇池管理局政策法规处，但是其工作人员表示“拟征滇池生态资源补偿费”是省政府主导的，该局无话可说，拒绝采访。

In order to verify the“Kunming dianchi lake ecological resource compensation to collection”The news，Our reporter the dianchi lake in kunming contact FaGuiChu administration policy，But the researchers said“For ecological resource compensation to dianchi lake”The provincial government is dominant，The council have nothing to say，Declined to be interviewed。

　　为了解事件始末，本报记者又找到了最早报道此消息的《春城晚报》记者。据了解，其实早在2009年，云南省政府就举行了《云南省滇池保护条例（草案）》听证会，当时便引发了热议。此次云南省法制办将“征收滇池生态资源补偿费”写入《云南省滇池保护条例（草案）》中，就是想将收费合法化。7月27日云南省第11届人大常委会第32次会议召开，新修订的《云南省滇池保护条例（草案）》被提请大会审议，其中确实加入了征收滇池生态资源补偿费的内容。条例虽未明确提出生态资源补偿费的具体征收对象、方式及数额，但一旦审议通过，政府的多年筹划将成为现实。

To learn about the event's history，Our reporter and found the first reports of the message《Spring evening news》reporter。According to understand，In fact as early as 2009，The provincial government is held《Regulations on the protection of dianchi lake in yunnan province（draft）》hearing，At that time he caused a hot debate。The yunnan province will be concerned“Collection ecological resource compensation dianchi lake”writing《Regulations on the protection of dianchi lake in yunnan province（draft）》in，Is that you want to charge will be legalized。Yunnan province on July 27 11 th National People's Congress standing committee held a meeting to 32，The new revision of the《Regulations on the protection of dianchi lake in yunnan province（draft）》Have been drawn to congress to consider，One really joined the collection of the content of the ecological resource compensation dianchi lake。Though not regulations specifically ecological resource compensation on the concrete object、Way and the amount，But once passed，The government's years planning to become a reality。

　　《春城晚报》记者还透露，昆明市某领导曾多次在公开场合表示“昆明拟对滇池流域2920平方公里范围内的五华、盘龙、官渡、呈贡、晋宁等6个县区的酒店、旅社入住者，按每人每天10元的标准收取滇池生态资源补偿费”。该领导还在云南省“十二五”滇池治污工作会议上表达了该意向，并恳请省人大尽快颁布《云南省滇池保护条例》，支持昆明市开征滇池生态资源补偿费，对使用滇池生态资源的有关对象收取一定的补偿费用，以弥补滇池保护治理资金的不足。

《Spring evening news》Reporters also revealed，Kunming some leadership has repeatedly said in public“Kunming dianchi lake watershed is to 2920 square km within the scope of the five China、panlong、guandu、ChengGong、Six counties including jinning hotel、Hotel check-in the，10 yuan per person a day by the standard collection ecological resource compensation dianchi lake”。The leaders also in yunnan province“1025”The dianchi lake pollution treatment to express the intention，Verification and issued by provincial people's congress as soon as possible《Regulations on the protection of dianchi lake in yunnan province》，Support the kunming dianchi lake ecological resource compensation collecting，Use of ecological resources about the objects of dianchi lake charge a compensation costs，To make up for the deficiency of the capital management in dianchi lake protection。

　　有关资料显示，我国对于滇池水质的治理工作自1988年展开，20多年来各种治理方案耗用了逾300亿元投资，但却并未完全根治滇池污染，目前滇池仍属于5类重污染湖泊，而且存在80%的巨大资金缺口。

Relevant data shows，For the management of water quality in dianchi lake work on since 1988，For more than 20 years to all kinds of control plan cost more than $30 billion investment，But it was not permanent dianchi lake pollution，At present still belongs to the five types of dianchi lake polluting lakes，And 80% of the funding gap existing huge。

雁过拔毛 YanGuoBaMao

各地征收“资源保护费”成风 On all over“Resources protection money”fashion

　　据云南当地媒体介绍，生态资源补偿费在这个旅游大省早就不是什么新鲜事了，云南很多旅游城市都是以生态资源保护为名目向游客直接或间接征收补偿费。

According to local media in yunnan is introduced，Ecological resource compensation in the tourism province have long is not anything new，Yunnan many tourist city ecological resources protection is for names to the tourists directly or indirectly collection of compensation。

　　2006年7月1日，大理洱海风景名胜区根据游船实载乘客人数，按每一乘客每人次30元的收费标准向在洱海内从事旅游载客航运的经营者收取资源保护费。2009年大理由于古城保护资金严重不足，准备向到大理旅游的游客收取古城维护费。因各方批评不断，大理州又宣布暂停收取古城维护费。

On July 1, 2006，Dali erhai lake scenic area according to the number of passenger cruise ship，According to each passenger each time 30 yuan fee standards to engaged in inside in the erhai lake tourist passenger shipping operators collection resources protection money。2009 because of the conservation of Dali serious shortage of funds，Ready to visit the charge to Dali ancient city maintenance fee。For all parties constantly criticism，Dali prefecture and announced the suspension of collection ancient city maintenance fee。

　　2001年丽江古城开始向游客征收古城维护费(以下简称“古维费”)来“以城养城”。2007年7月1日起，征收范围扩大到丽江古城内持有丽江风景区准营证的客栈；2007年3月以前，古维费的收费标准为每人每天20元，每人次最高40元；2007年古维费调整为每人次80元。散客和“自由行”游客主要通过入住宾馆、酒店、客栈等征收，市内各大景区、景点进行补征和查验。

In 2001, the old town of lijiang ancient city maintenance fee collection began to tourists(Hereinafter referred to as“GuWei fee”)to“A city by city”。July 1, 2007，Collection expanded to lijiang ancient town lijiang scenic spot must hold the camp card inn；Prior to March 2007，GuWei fee rate for 20 yuan per person a day，Top 40 yuan each time；2007 years GuWei fee for each time adjust 80 yuan。Individual clients and“Free line”Tourists mainly through the check in hotel、The hotel、Such as inn on，The scenic area in the city、Levy and check on scenic spots。

　　此外，云南玉溪抚仙湖从2010年8月1日开始征收抚仙湖资源保护费。但从去年7月开始，抚仙湖暂停向游客收取资源保护费，而是改为向景区景点单位、生产企业、酒店、餐馆经营户征收。

In addition，Yunnan yuxi fuxian lake from August 1, 2010, beginning to impose fuxian lake resources protection money。But in July last year，Fuxian lake tourist resources to collect suspended protection money，But instead to scenic spots unit、Production enterprise、The hotel、The restaurant door collection。

　　2012年1月，香格里拉的独克宗古城拟以每人次30元的标准对进入独克宗古城范围的游客收取独克宗古城维护费，后因公示期间受到公众的强烈反对而取消。

January 2012，The shangri-la only grams per person is intended to ancient city of 30 times yuan RMB to enter the ancient city of range of tourists, Pope charge only g Pope city maintenance fee，For public after during strong opposition from public and cancel。

　　非独云南，福建的武夷山景区早在1993年就开始征收资源保护费了。但武夷山没有单独征收，而是将资源保护费计入了门票。目前武夷山景区的联票门票中包含11元的资源保护费，100元的九曲溪竹筏漂流门票中包含12元的资源保护费。

Not exclusively yunnan，Fujian wuyi mountain scenic area as early as 1993 began collection resources protection money。But no single collection of wuyi mountain，But will the resources protection fee included in the ticket。At present the wuyi mountain scenic area of tickets include 11 yuan in comparing the resources protection money，100 yuan of drifting on the ticket contains rafting 12 yuan resources protection money。

还湖于民 Farmland in the people

西湖免费模式能否复制？ The west lake free mode can be copied？

　　在各大景区门票纷纷上涨的同时，杭州西湖依然坚持免费开放，成了众景区里的一枝独秀。

In the scenic spot are rising and tickets，Hangzhou west lake is still adhere to the open for free，Became the scenic spot of the monolith。

　　杭州西湖从2002年起便开始免费开放，一年之后，杭州市审计局在一份调查报告中指出，西湖每年直接减少门票收入2530万元。然而杭州市旅游委公布的数据显示，2002年杭州市的旅游总人数为2757.98万人次，旅游总收入为294亿元；而到了2011年，旅游总人数达到7487.27万人次，旅游总收入为1191亿元，是2002年的四倍。在西湖免费模式中，“西湖”的品牌效应带动了茶楼、餐饮、保健、养生等行业，形成“大旅游”格局，实现了从观光旅游向休闲旅游的转型。

Hangzhou west lake since 2002 began to open for free，After a year，In a survey of hangzhou city sab report，Every year west lake directly reduce tickets income 25.3 million yuan。However hangzhou LvYouWei figures show，In 2002 the total number of hangzhou city tourism of 27.5798 million people，Total tourism revenue for 29.4 billion yuan；And by 2011，Tourism total number about 74.8727 million passengers，Total tourism revenue for 119.1 billion yuan，Four times the number in 2002。In the west lake free mode，“The west lake”Brand effect drive the teahouse、catering、Health care、Health and other industry，form“tourism”pattern，Realizes from tourism to the leisure travel transformation。

　　西湖管理委员会负责宣传的陈志华告诉本报记者，西湖10年来共开放了52处大景点，占景区的73%，除了一些国家重点文物保护单位，基本上都是免费的。除了园区绿化、文物维护有国家的专项资金，其它费用都须景区自筹。“免费开放后的压力很大，不仅门票减收，景区日常维护、清洁卫生、安全管理等方面的费用也大幅增加。” 陈志华又补充说，“但是大量客流促使景区内的商业网点租金高涨，新增的商业服务项目也创造了税源，再加上市政府的体制性补贴，基本就把缺口填上了。”谈到“西湖免费模式”，陈志华坚定地表示，“还湖于民”深得民心，惠及了广大老百姓，将一直持续下去。

The west lake management committee is responsible for the publicity of ChenZhiHua told the reporter，The west lake were open in 10 years, the big attractions in 52，Accounting for 73% of the scenic spot，In addition to some national key units of cultural relics protection，Basically are free of charge。With the exception of garden afforestation、Maintenance of cultural relics of the state special funds，Other expenses shall be raised scenic spot。“Free open under a lot of pressure，Tickets for not only reduce the，Scenic spot daily maintenance、Clean sanitation、Safety management, and other aspects of the expenses also greatly increased。” ChenZhiHua added，“But a large passenger flow of scenic spot to commercial outlets high rent，The number of new commercial service project also created the source，Plus the city government subsidy system，Fill in the gaps in the basic。”about“The west lake free mode”，ChenZhiHua firmly said，“Farmland in the people”popular，Benefit the people，Will last forever。

专家视角 Experts perspective

生态补偿费重点在于核算公平 Ecological compensation emphasis is on accounting fair

　　本报记者就各景区征收生态补偿费的现象采访了中国旅游研究院吴普副研究员。

Our reporter each scenic area is on the phenomenon of ecological compensation interviewed China tourism research institute WuPu associate researcher。

　　记者：您认为滇池征收生态补偿费合理吗？国外是否有先例？

reporter：Do you think that the ecological compensation dianchi lake collection reasonable？Foreign if there is precedent？

　　吴普：从发展趋势和方向上看，征收生态补偿费是合理的，只是需要合理地进行核实并确定征收范围及对象等。像德国的易北河、英国泰晤士河流域的生态补偿费以及其他一些诸如环境税等，也是生态补偿费用的一种。

WuPu：From the development trend and direction look，Collection of ecological compensation is reasonable，Just need to check and make sure reasonable collection range and objects, etc。Like Germany's easy north river、The river Thames river ecological compensation and other such as environmental tax, etc，Also is a kind of ecological compensation expenses。

　　记者：这种现象为何在云南屡见不鲜？

reporter：Why this phenomenon in yunnan common occurance？

　　吴普：这和我们国家环境保护资金的来源机制有关，目前主要依赖政府财政，捉襟见肘。尽管有丽江在先，但滇池的事仍未有定论，不宜说云南屡见不鲜。

WuPu：This and we state environmental protection funds sources of relevant mechanism，At present the main dependence on government finance，broke。Despite the lijiang prior，But the dianchi lake is still not conclusive，Unfavorable said common in yunnan。

　　记者：征收生态补偿费会对当地旅游业产生怎样的影响？要以何种方式征收才能让民众接受？

reporter：Ecological compensation to the local tax will produce the effect of tourism how？To the way in which to allow people to accept tax？

　　吴普：如果生态补偿费的收取确实改善了滇池的环境，将有正向促进。但关键是核算的科学性、真实性，使用的公开性、透明性以及征收范围的合理性等。

WuPu：If the ecological compensation for the environment does, indeed, improve dianchi lake，There will be positive promoting。But the key is the science of the accounting、authenticity，Use the publicity generated、Transparency and the rationality of the collection range, etc。

　　记者：现在各景区涨价成风，西湖模式为何难以推广呢？

reporter：Now every scenic spot prices stay，The west lake in popularizing why mode？

　　吴普：西湖确实做到了双赢，居民与游客共享、经济收益与社会效益兼顾。难以推广就在于门票收入是现实的，在食住行游购娱产业链未完全形成时，免门票是存在诸多不确定性和风险的。西湖好在旧的去了新的也来了，其它地方或许担心旧的去了，新的没来啊。

WuPu：The west lake did a win-win situation，Residents and tourists Shared、Economic benefits and social benefit are taken into account。Popularize hard is that tickets income is realistic，In the food industry for live to swim entertainment was not fully formed，There are many free tickets is uncertainty and risk。The west lake in the old to the new，Other places may be worrying about the old，New didn't come。

　　记者：征收生态资源补偿费能否解决滇池治理资金短缺问题？怎样的生态补偿机制才算合理呢？

reporter：Collection ecological resource compensation dianchi lake management can solve the shortage of funds？How the mechanism of ecological compensation is not reasonable？

　　吴普：治理资金依靠单一来源恐难以解决，征收生态补偿费用是一个渠道，同时需要其它方式补充、协同，合理性重点在于核算公平。

WuPu：Management funds depend on a single source fear is difficult to solve，Collection of ecological compensation cost is a channel，Also need other way added、synergy，Rationality focus is to accounting fair。