专家建议将户外运动纳入立法规范的范畴 Expert advice will outdoor sports into legislation regulating category

　　“我们有两个人在大东山困了70多个小时，这几天连降大雨，无法找到下山的路，其中有1人已经昏迷，快来救救我们。”不久前，广东省连州市公安局接到了两名登山“驴友”的求救电话。经过数十名武警官兵历时14个小时的搜救，被困山中长达70多个小时的两名“驴友”终于获救。

“We have two people in the sunset peak trapped more than 70 hours，These days the rain waters，Can't find the way down the mountain，There are 1 person has been in a coma，Quick to help us。”Not long ago，Even by the public security bureau of guangdong province received two to climb the mountain“I quite agree”Called for the。After dozens of armed police officers lasted 14 hours of search and rescue，Trapped in the mountain for more than 70 hours of two“I quite agree”Finally rescued。

　　近年来，随着登山、探险等户外运动的火爆，“驴友”遇险的事故也日趋增多，从而引发了社会各界的热议。户外运动要不要立法规范?政府如何有效监管?救援遇险“驴友”造成公共资源的损失，其费用应由谁掏腰包?对于这一系列问题，有专家建议，应该将具有一定探险性质的自助式户外运动纳入立法规范的范畴，从而让其在安全、可控的状态下良性发展。

In recent years，As the、Exploration outdoor hot，“I quite agree”The increasing number of accidents in distress，Which has caused the social from all walks of life of hot debate。Outdoor sports want to legislation?How the government effective supervision?Aid is in distress“I quite agree”Cause the loss of public resources，The expenses should be paid by who?For this a series of problems，Experts suggest，Should has a certain properties of self-service outdoor exploration into the category of legislation，To make the security、Controlled under the condition of the benign development。

无法规约束成事故频发主因 No legal constraints into cause frequent accidents

　　近年来，“驴友”遇险的事故在全国各地频频发生。记者在网络搜索引擎中键入“驴友遇险”这一关键词，令人惊讶的是显示的结果竟然有65.2万个之多，而遇险的“驴友”多数是进行登山等户外运动。

In recent years，“I quite agree”The accident in distress in all parts of the country have changed greatly。Reporter in Internet search engine type“In distress I quite agree”The key words，Surprise is the result of the show is unexpectedly 652000，And in distress“I quite agree”Most are climbing, outdoor sports。

　　“驴友”遇险事故频频发生的背后到底存在什么样的诱因?

“I quite agree”The accident occurred frequently in the end what kind of incentives behind there?

　　记者从中国紧急救援联盟蓝天救援队发布的《2010年度中国户外安全事故调研报告》中看到，该报告收集了22个省份的户外事故，其中以北京和陕西为事故高发地区。陕西有40起，遇难人数15人，为全国最多；北京有33起，遇难人数为4人(3人溺亡，1人心脏病突发)。在事故原因的统计中，迷路是户外事故的主要原因，占户外事故的51.6%以上，迷路的主因是对户外知识缺乏，自身能力不足，准备不充分。

Reporters from Chinese emergency rescue league issued by the blue sky rescue teams《2010 year China outdoor safety accident investigation report》see，The reports collected 22 provinces of outdoor accident，Among them with Beijing and shaanxi areas prone to accidents。Shaanxi have 40 up，The number of people killed 15，For the most；Beijing has 33 up，The death toll for four people(All three people died，1 person heart attack)。In the cause of the accident statistics，Get lost is outside the main reason of the accident，Accounting for more than 51.6% of the outdoor accident，The main reason of the lost of outdoor is lack of knowledge，Own ability is not，Prepare adequately for the。

　　“没有强制准入标准，就容易埋下安全隐患。”有从事户外运动的业内人士向记者透露，近年来，户外运动参与人群急剧扩大，国内户外安全事故频发，主要源于“驴友”户外知识缺失、安全意识淡薄，以及组织机构准入门槛低，甚至网络发帖随意组队。同时，行业内无相关法律法规约束和出行保障也是遇险事故频发的主要原因之一。“另外，没有专业领队、没有专业设备、对当地地貌环境不了解，在这样的情况下，贸然出行，也是引发事故多发的原因。”

“No mandatory access standard，Just easy to bury the security hidden danger。”To be engaged in outdoor sports of the industry has revealed，In recent years，Outdoor sports a rapid expansion in the crowd，Domestic outdoor safety accident frequency，Mainly comes from“I quite agree”Outdoor lack knowledge、Safety consciousness，And the organization admittance threshold low，Even at the network to post to team up。At the same time，Without the relevant laws and regulations in the industry constraints and travel security is also frequent accidents in distress, one of the main reasons。“In addition，No professional manager、No professional equipment、On the local landscape environment don't understand，In such cases，Cut travel，Is the cause of the accident happens。”

　　该专业人士还指出，不少“驴友”违反规定，私自进入国家或相关景区禁入区域，是目前户外运动管理中的一个难题。其中，偷登已经成为中国登山户外运动的一个顽疾，2001年至今，偷登造成的山难事故已经占到山难事故的85%左右。

The professionals also pointed out，many“I quite agree”In violation of regulations，Privately into country or related area off-limits areas，Is the outdoor sports management of a difficult problem。Among them，Stealing is China climbing up a problem in outdoor sports，Since 2001，Up to the mountain of the cause to steal accident has accounted for about 85% of the mountain difficult accident。

浪费公共资源应由谁埋单 Waste of public resources who should foot the bills

　　记者注意到，驴友频频遇险后往往都是动用公共资源实施救援。因此，几乎是每次遇险事故发生后，社会各界在对遇险“驴友”担心的同时，都会引发一场“"驴友"遇险救援是否浪费社会公共资源”的争议。

Reporters noticed that，I quite agree in distress frequently are often after use of public resources implemented the rescue。so，Almost every time after the accident is in distress，The social from all walks of life in distress“I quite agree”Worry at the same time，Will cause a“"I quite agree"Whether the social public distress rescue waste resources”dispute。

　　采访中，有广州市民表示，救援产生的各种耗费是对社会公共资源的一种浪费，个人冒险行为不应该动用社会公共资源来埋单。

interview，Have guangzhou residents said，The rescue to produce a variety of cost of social public resources is a kind of waste，Personal risk behavior should not use public resources to foot the bills。

　　“登山探险当然是公民的自由，获得政府救援也是公民的权利，但自由与权利的边界就是恪守义务的规则:比如不增加社会负担，不拿公共资源当作私人乐趣的后花园。”有市民认为，没知识、没设备、没技能，有的是寻找刺激的“理想”，这种置家庭和社会担心于脑外的探险，和违背法律规则的酒驾或醉驾又有什么本质区别?

“Mountain climbing expedition of course is a citizen's freedom，For government aid is also the rights of the citizens，But freedom and rights to abide by the rules of boundary is obligations: such as did not increase the burden on society，Don't take public resources as a private back garden of the fun。”Have people think，A little knowledge、No equipment、No skills，Have a plenty of looking for the stimulus“ideal”，The family and social worry to buy brain outside expedition，The rule of law and against drunk driving drunk driving or what essential difference between?

　　当然，也有人对此有不同的看法。同为“驴友”的广州市民冯先生认为，“浪费”的观点不可取。探险虽属于个人行为，但他们同样是纳税人，完全可以享受公共资源和公共服务。再说，没人会故意出险，即使准备得再充分，也难免出现意外。

Of course，Also people to have a different opinion。as“I quite agree”The guangzhou citizens that Mr. Feng，“waste”Point of view is advisable。Adventure is to belong to individual behaviors，But they also are the taxpayers，Can enjoy public resources and public service。besides，No one will be intentionally be or get out of danger，Even if is ready to fully，Also unavoidable incident。

　　记者发现，与“驴友”徒步旅游付出的低成本相比，他们遇险后面临的施救行动，不仅需要付出庞大的救援人力，而救援产生的费用也显得极为昂贵。

Reporter discovery，and“I quite agree”Hiking pay low cost compared，They face after labouring in distress of action，Not only need to pay huge rescue human，But aid the expenditure also appear extremely expensive。

　　2011年9月30日，14名“驴友”组成的登山队在穿越四川境内的四姑娘山时，未按在景区登记备案的方案行进，而是走了一条被暂时封闭的危险路段，未能按时返回。“驴友”的家属怀疑队伍失踪遇险，报警求助，整个四川省阿坝州一共派出5批、共计1000人次进山搜救。

September 30, 2011，14“I quite agree”The team of in the four girls in sichuan province, through the mountains，Not according to the scenic area registration scheme of the road，But go a be temporarily close dangerous sections，Failed to arrive on time to return to。“I quite agree”Families of the missing doubt team in distress，Police for help，The aba prefecture of sichuan province total sent 5、A total of 1000 people into a search and rescue。

　　今年的1月27日，福建游客陈某在攀登四姑娘山三峰时跌下了山崖。事故发生后，四姑娘山景区共派出6批共计45人参与搜救；3月19日，贵州毕节籍驴友李雄坠入云南省镇雄县木卓乡215米深的“仙人洞”后身亡，贵州青年志愿者应急救援总队经过3天的搜救，只找回了遇险“驴友”的尸体，但救援队调配救援装备、车辆和购买食品、燃油等消耗了5万元。

This year's January 27，Fujian tourists in four girl mountain climbing work his way up three peaks and falling down the cliff。After the accident，Four girl mountain scenic area were represented in six group of 45 people involved in the search；March 19,，Guizhou bijie by yunnan province town XiongXian fall I quite agree to li xiong wood zhuo township 215 m deep“Immortals hole”Has died，Guizhou youth volunteer emergency rescue corps after 3 days of search and rescue，Only recovered the distress“I quite agree”body，But the rescue team allocate rescue equipment、Vehicles and buy food、Fuel consumption such as the 50000 yuan。

户外运动亟需立法规范 Outdoor sports legislation urgently needs

　　针对“救援的费用是否应该由政府掏腰包”这一问题，华南师范大学法学院副教授叶才勇指出，首先，“驴友”们登山、探险是他们实现自我价值的一种纯民事行为，应该得到社会的认可。随着探险旅行成为时尚，遇险和救援的情形肯定会增多。除了提醒“驴友”“真正做好准备”、提高避险能力之外，如何改变救援方式，从而提高救援效率、减少资源浪费，应该提上议事日程了。“我们国家应该建立起由政府、社会、个人各自分担的救援费用模式，而不应该全由政府掏腰包。尤其是对于明知故犯的违规"驴友"而言，个人应该承担全部的费用。”

According to“The cost of the rescue whether it should be paid to by the government”The problem，South China normal university law school YeCai yong points out that associate professor，first，“I quite agree”Climbing the、Adventure is their realization of self-worth and a pure civil behavior，Should be recognized by the society。Along with the adventure travel into fashion，Distress and rescue situation will increase。In addition to remind“I quite agree”“Really ready to”、Improve hedge ability outside，How to change the rescue way，So as to improve the efficiency of the rescue、Reduce the waste of resources，Should be put on the agenda。“Our country should set up by the government、social、Their share of personal rescue cost mode，And should not be paid by the government。Especially for knowingly passed illegal"I quite agree"in，Individuals should bear all the expenses。”

　　“出于人道主义的考虑，"驴友"遇险后动用公共资源救援无可非议。但是，这里面要分清楚，遇险是因为天灾人祸还是"驴友"自身违规造成的，对此要区别对待。”作为法律界人士的广东省人大代表江波则认为，“频频发生的"驴友"遇险事故确实提醒我们，户外运动已经需要通过立法来进行规范，这项立法工作会非常繁琐，涉及的内容也会非常庞大。我认为，如果立法规范，必须将户外运动定义的范围进行细化和明确。”

“Out of humanitarian consideration，"I quite agree"After use of public resources in distress rescue beyond reproach。but，Inside this to points clear，Because natural disasters or in distress"I quite agree"Violation of their own cause，This should be kept separate。”As a legal professionals of guangdong province people's congress to represent the JiangBo is considered，“Occurred frequently of"I quite agree"Distress accidents do remind us，Outdoor sports have need to pass legislation to make criteria，This legislation is very tedious work，The content of the involved will also is very large。I think，If the legislation，Must the scope of outdoor sports definition thinning and clear。”

　　“对于"驴友"出行的安全保障来说，仅靠自律和教育，是不够的。首先是要用法律来规范，来勾勒"驴友"们的行为边界。国家应当尽快出台户外运动管理基本立法或者政策，在条件不具备情况下，可以授权、引导地方人大、政府依照立法法规定出台地方性法规或规章。”广东律师杨爱斌对记者说。

“for"I quite agree"Travel for security，Only on self-discipline and education，Is not enough。The first thing is to use the law to regulate，To outline"I quite agree"The behavior of the border。The state shall come as soon as possible outdoor sports management basic legislation or policy，In the condition does not have the cases，May authorize、Guide place National People's Congress、In accordance with the provisions of the legislative law on the local regulations or rules。”Guangdong lawyer YangAiBin told reporters。

　　杨爱斌的观点是:除了立法明确户外活动的范围定义外，还应该构建包含户外运动的经营主体、项目、准入形式等内容的准入制度。采取何种准入形式，直接涉及到管理部门的分工合作，以及收费、责任分担等内容。其次，户外安全、救援、保险等问题也应该纳入立法规范的范畴。目前，户外救援处于十分尴尬的地带，有些省份或者城市以政府救援为主，有些以民间自发组织的救援机构为主，有些实行政府与民间联动的机制。而这其中，民间救援组织在执行救援任务时都涉及经费、专业人员、施救责任等问题，必须加以明确。而另一方面，当前户外运动事故主要以“驴友”的人身伤亡为主，集中在民事赔偿方面，而有关“驴友”在户外运动中产生的植被破坏、违规出入景区等方面的行政责任，以及救援费用分担等问题还处在萌芽状态和灰色地带，亟待通过构建相关立法予以促进和完善。

YangAiBin point of view is: in addition to clear the scope of the legislation outdoor activities outside the definition，Also should construct contains the outdoors to operators、project、Access the content such as form of access rules。What access form，Directly related to management department to cooperate，And charge、Liability share content, etc。second，Outdoor security、rescue、Insurance and other issues should be included in the category of the legislation。At present，Outdoor rescue in very embarrassing zone，Some provinces or cities as government aid，For some, the folk spontaneous organizations aid agencies primarily，Some of the government and the folk linkage mechanism。And this among them，Folk aid organizations in when the rescue mission involve the funds、professionals、Rescue responsibility，Must be clear。And on the other hand，The current outdoor sports mainly by accident“I quite agree”Personal casualty primarily，Focused on the civil compensation，And the“I quite agree”In outdoor sports produce vegetation destruction、Illegal in and out of scenic spots, such as the administrative responsibility，And relief cost share is still in the bud and gray zone，By constructing the relevant legislation urgently to promote and perfect。