在他周边的100平方米内，曾发掘出石器、化石1700多件。

In his 100 square meters around the inside，Once discovered the stone、Fossil more than 1700 pieces。

　　在他周边的一公里内，发现了距今200万年的人类遗迹，对亚洲人类的起源与演化，提出新的命题。

In his surrounding a kilometers inside，Found a 2 million - year - old human remains，For Asian human origin and evolution，Put forward the new proposition。

　　在他周边的两千平方公里内，遍布着150多处早期人类遗址，其中40处达百万年以上。密度中国仅有，世所罕见。

In his surrounding two thousand square kilometers inside，With more than 150 place early human sites，Among them 40 place one million years。Density China only，The rare。

　　这是河北阳原泥河湾遗址群，一个记录了东方人类起源、演变过程的天然博物馆，一个有着百年发掘史却仍是国际学术争论热点的“考古圣地”。这些发现使一些学者相信，东方人类从这里走来！

This is the hebei YangYuan mud coving site group，A record of the origin of human beings from the east、The evolution process of natural museum，With a history of one hundred years excavations still is the international academic debate hot-spot“Archaeological holy land”。These findings make some scholars believe that，Oriental human coming from here！

　　文明之源：人类也可能从中国泥河湾走来 Source of civilization：Humans also may be coming from China mud river bend

　　马圈沟第三文化层的开掘剖面下，野草稀疏。200万年前的某天，我们的祖先在这里饕餮了猛犸象之后，心满意足地放下了“餐叉”。

The horse ring groove of the third cultural dig under section，Weed sparse。2 million years ago, one day，Our ancestors here after the mammoth gluttonous，Contentedly down“fork”。

　　“餐叉”的科学称谓是“刮削器”，旧石器时代的进食工具之一。“出土时，恰恰有一件刮削器在大象的肋骨化石上。”这个结果让当时包括成胜泉在内的所有考古专家兴奋不已，一个鲜活的史前进餐场面呼之欲出。

“fork”Scientific appellation is“scraper”，One of the old Stone Age eating tool。“When unearthed，Just have a scraper in elephant frame on the fossil。”The results make when including into wins spring, archaeological experts all excited，A fresh prehistoric dining scene be vividly portrayed。

　　在泥河湾马圈沟遗址，已发掘的一、二、三文化层两面相对，四至七文化层从上而下层层深入，剖面上最高点到最低点的距离达13米之高。2001年发掘时，第三文化层的探方内散落着以象的骨骼为主，间有石制品、动物遗骨的遗物密集分布区域。骨骼分布集中而无序，在它们之间，散落着石核、石片、刮削器等工具。另三件用来制造“餐具”的石锤散落在外围。尤为引人注意的是，在多数动物的遗骨上都有十分清晰的被古人类砍砸和刮削的痕迹。

In the mud coving horse ring groove sites，Has unearthed a、two、Three cultural two sides relative，From 4 to 7 cultural layer on layer and deep，Section on the highest to the lowest distance 13 meters high。In 2001 when excavation，The third cultural agent within the party scattered like bones to give priority to，Occasionally stonework、Animal bones antiquity intensive distribution area。Bone distribution concentration and disordered，Between them，Scattered stone nuclear、chip、Scraper and tools。The other three parts used to produce“tableware”Stone hammer scattered in peripheral。Particularly striking is，In most animal bones have very clear cut by the ancients hit and skiving traces。

　　像一封写给未来的书信，语气恳切，信息明确：我们在这里。

Like a letter to the future of the letter，Tone earnestly，Information clear：We are here。

　　“这封信”告诉人们，这里是东方人类的发祥地之一，是东北亚先民漫长演化征途的出发地。相对于被称作人类摇篮的东非奥杜维峡谷，这里的价值和地位，毫不逊色。

“This letter”Tell people，Here is one of the birthplace of Oriental human，Northeast Asia is ancestors long evolution journey point of departure。Relative to the known as human cradle of East Africa Mr DuWei canyon，The value and status，No less。

　　在此之前，距今136万年的泥河湾小长梁遗址曾因出土过加工技术精细、进步的“细小石器”，引发了我国著名古人类学家贾兰坡院士的大胆推断：“泥河湾地层才是最早人类的脚踏地。”而马圈沟遗址发掘后，将人类在东北亚存在的事实推演至200万年前左右。当前学界还有学者认为，泥河湾尚可以发现更早的人类遗迹。

Before this，About 1.36 million years of mud coving small ChangLiang sites have unearthed a processing technique for fine、progress“Small stone”，Caused our country famous palaeontologist JiaLanPo academician bold inference：“Mud coving formation is the earliest human's foot touches the ground。”And the horse ring groove sites after excavation，Will human in northeast Asia existing fact inference to about 2 million years ago。The current academic circles and scholars believe that，Mud coving fair to find earlier human remains。

　　“这已经证明了这个时期人的存在，找到猿人化石也只是时间问题。”终生致力于泥河湾考古研究、中科院古人类和古脊椎动物研究所退休研究员卫奇认为，虽然发现猿人化石“可遇不可求”，但他仍对此充满信心：“北京人"头盖骨"的发现是20世纪中国对世界考古界的一大贡献。同样，泥河湾人的发现将是本世纪中国对世界考古界的一大贡献。”

“It has been proved that this period the existence of man，Find ape man fossil is just a matter of time。”Lifelong committed to mud coving the archaeological research、The Chinese academy of sciences and the institute of vertebrate paleontology ancients retired researcher WeiJi think，Although find ape man fossil“elusive”，But he is still very confident of this：“From Beijing"skull"Discovery is the 20th century Chinese archaeology to the world a great contribution。The same，Mud coving people found will be the Chinese archaeology to the world a great contribution。”

　　文脉延续：人类演化的全记录 Context continue：Human evolution of the whole record

　　穿过阳原县东井集镇一直向西，一条干枯的河床将人们引向旧石器中期的人类文化遗址，侯家窑。这是一处大型旷野遗址，在山西境内的部分，被称为许家窑。

Through the YangYuan county east well town has been to the west，A dry river bed will people to middle paleolithic human cultural sites，Hou kiln。This is a place large wilderness site，In the part of Shanxi Province，Known as XuGu kiln。

　　脚下这条被称作“梨益沟”的河床，10万年前水流丰沛。“侯家窑人”在这里饮水完毕，挥动着打制的石球飞索猎马。

Article the feet is called“Pear ditch the”bed，100000 years ago flow plenty。“Hou kiln man”Here the drinking water，Waving forges the ball fly line hunting horse。

　　19件人类头骨化石和1000余枚直径从八九厘米到20厘米不等的石球曾在这里出土。前者是泥河湾遗址群的首次出土，后者在数量上居世界同期遗址第一位。

19 a human skull fossil and more than 1000 pieces of diameter from cm to 20 cm unequal ball had unearthed here。The former is mud coving ruins group first unearthed，The latter in quantity in the world in the same period the first site。

　　侯家窑呈现出泥河湾遗址的典型性方圆极小的范围内隐藏着大量的、密集的文化遗存。“当时发掘出的马牙(化石)太多了，已经不论个数了，论斤。”成胜泉说。

The hou kiln present a mud coving site of typicality fangyuan minimum hidden within the scope of a lot of、Intensive cultural heritages。“At that time unearthed horse tooth(fossil)Too much，Have no matter the number，Theory jin。”Into wins spring said。

　　这也带来了泥河湾考古发掘的特点对同一遗址的发掘广义上会持续几十年，次数多、时间跨度大。侯家窑的首次发掘是在1976年，由贾兰坡、卫奇主持，最近一次是2006年—2007年。现有的挖掘剖面正前方留下了一条“探沟”，末端已经出现了青灰色的泥石湾层。即将到来的9月份，成胜泉新的开掘工作将从这里开始。

It also brought mud river bend the characteristics of archaeological excavations for the same site excavation on generalized for decades，How many times、Time span big。The hou kiln first excavated in 1976，By JiaLanPo、WeiJi presided over，A recent is 2006-2007。The existing mining section ahead left a“Exploratory trench”，End has appeared caesious mud ShiWan layer。Coming September，Into wins spring new to dig the work will start from here。

　　包括侯家窑在内，150余座遗址在历史年代的链条上环环相扣，延绵不绝：200万年前的马圈沟遗址、136万年前的小长梁遗址，100万年前的东谷坨、霍家地、许家坡、岑家湾遗址，78万年前的马梁遗址、10万年前的侯家窑、板井子、雀儿沟遗址，2.8万年前的新庙庄遗址，1万年前的虎头梁、油房遗址，5000年前的姜家梁墓葬群。延续不断的人类史前历史隐藏在60公里长的泥河湾古盆地内，大象无形。

Including the hou, kiln，More than 150 seat sites in the historical s on the chain all linked with one another，Or on：2 million years ago the horse ring groove sites、1.36 million years ago, the small ChangLiang sites，1 million years ago, the east valley tuo、Huo home to、XuGu slope、Cen house bay site，780000 years ago MaLiang sites、100000 years ago the hou kiln、Plate well son、Sparrow son groove sites，28000 years ago, the new temple village site，10000 years ago, the tiger beam、Oil room site，5000 years ago JiangGuLiang tomb group。Constant and continuous human prehistoric history hidden in 60 km long mud river bend in ancient basin，Elephant is aeriform。

　　旧石器考古学家、中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所副所长高星研究员这样评价：“从早期简单古朴的打制石器、狩猎者食用后残留的动物骨骼，到1万多年前精美的细石器、装饰品、有结构的灶膛和北方最早的陶片等，泥河湾记录了早期东方人类文化与技术演变的各个环节。”

Paleolithic archaeologists、The Chinese academy of sciences vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology deputy director high star researchers such evaluation：“From the early simple of of primitive simplicity forges the stone、Hunting after eating residual animal bones，More than 10000 years ago to fine microlith、adornment、Have said anything when he found the structure of the north and the earliest Brennan, etc，Mud coving record the early Oriental human culture and technology evolution of each link。”

　　站在小长梁遗址纵观整个泥河湾盆地，这段评价变得更加具象化。青灰色的泥河湾地层在山梁间数里绵亘，一卷史册徐徐打开。200多万年前至5000年前古人类狩猎、用火、采集、进食全过程，200万年前的“第一餐”、10万年前的飞索猎马、1万年前的陶器制造、5000年前的农业生产的场景依次铺陈，人类起源、发展、演变的全过程从来没有叙述得如此清楚、直白。

Stand in a small ChangLiang sites throughout the mud bend in the river basin，This period of evaluation become more similar。Caesious mud coving formation in the mountain ridge between the number of miles，A roll of history slowly open。More than 200 years ago to 5000 years ago the ancients hunting、In the fire、acquisition、Eating whole process，2 million years ago“First meal”、100000 years ago, the fly line hunting horse、10000 years ago, potting、5000 years ago, the agricultural production in turn elaborate scene，The origin of human beings、development、The whole process of evolution never narrative so clear、straightforward。

　　“这是东北亚人类演化翔实的历史记录，是一部无字但又气势磅礴的史书。”高星说。

“This is the northeast Asia human evolution history of full and accurate records，Is a no word but the magnificent history。”High star said。

　　保护开发：不用力是失责，太用力是伤害 Protection development：Don't force is responsibility，Too hard is hurt

　　在卫奇位于泥河湾的家里，大大小小的石器布满书桌。每一块粗糙的原始石器，都配有一张制作精细的卡片，记载着编号、类型、层位、位置、高程、大小、重量。

In WeiJi located in mud coving home，Greatly small stone is full of desk。Every piece of rough of the original stone，Is equipped with a fine card making，Records the Numbers、type、horizon、position、elevation、size、weight。

　　在一张标示着“东谷坨早更新世旧石器遗址”的石片上，记者看到了用笔画出的黑色箭头和红色圆点。卫奇解释：“箭头代表出土时向北的边角，红点代表出土时的最高点。”他认为，遗址是不可再生的资源，这样精细的记录，能还原每一块文物都回出土时的情况。

On a piece of a sign“East valley tuo early pleistocene paleolithic sites”On the SLATE，The reporter sees the strokes of a Chinese character out of the black arrow and red dot。WeiJi explain：“Arrows represent the unearthed the north edge，Red dot represents the highest unearthed。”He thinks，Site is non-renewable resources，Such fine record，Can restore every piece of cultural relics unearthed returned to the situation。

　　不只专家执著，在泥河湾，记者接触的每一位基层干部、群众都对各个遗址如数家珍。珍贵稀有的历史遗存给人们带来了强烈的文化自豪感，“让世界认识泥河湾，让泥河湾走向世界”成为人们迫切的愿望，泥河湾保护和推广由此有了一种巨大的地方张力。

Not only experts obsession，In the mud river bend，The reporter contact each grassroots cadres、The crowds were to each site, as he sees them。Precious rare historical heritage has brought people a strong cultural pride，“Let the world know mud river bend，Let mud river bend to the world”Become people the urge，Mud coving protection and promotion which has a huge local tension。

　　2001年，泥河湾遗址群被列入第五批全国重点文物保护单位。2002年，泥河湾被列为国家级自然保护区。规模位居全国前列的旧石器博物馆今年早些时候也在河北阳原落成并对外开放。现在，泥河湾正在积极申请国家地质公园和世界文化遗产。

In 2001，Mud coving ruins group was listed in the fifth group of the national key cultural relics protection units。In 2002,，Mud river bend is listed as national nature reserve。Scale among the top consumers of the paleolithic museum earlier this year in hebei YangYuan completion and opening up。now，Mud river bend are actively apply for national geological parks and world cultural heritage。

　　在更大的视野下，形成一个统筹科考、挖掘、保护、合理利用的文化建设、旅游开发整体性规划，是泥河湾的当务之急。解决遗址保护和可持续性利用的矛盾，找到远古文化遗产与当代社会发展的链接点，提升科研成果的产出和遗址的影响力，是学者、文保工作者、地方政府都关注的方向。

In the larger field of view，Form a managed as a whole、mining、protection、The rational use of cultural construction、Tourism development integration planning，The mud is the urgent matter of the river bend。Solve site protection and sustainable utilization of the contradiction，Find the ancient cultural heritage and the contemporary social development link point，Improve the scientific research achievements of output and the influence of the site，Is scholars、WenBao workers、The local government pay more attention to the direction。

　　“实践证明，如果只谈保护，使其与当地人民生活水平提高和经济发展出现矛盾，这种保护是难以为继的。建设考古遗址公园是应该思考的方向。但遗址公园不是游乐场，能不能建、怎么建应该有规划、论证和严格的程序。比如说，在核心保护区，是不能有任何与遗址保护无关的建筑的；在建设控制地带，建设项目也要有限制，以保持遗址的完整性和原始风貌，并防止地下可能的遗存被破坏。”高星认为。

“Practice has proved，If only talk about protection，The local people's living standards improve and economic development contradictory，This protection is difficult。Construction archaeological site park should be the direction of thinking。But ruins park is not amusement parks，Can build、How to build there should be a planning、Argumentation and strict procedures。For example，In the core area，Is there cannot be any site has nothing to do with the protection of the building；In the construction control area，Construction project also should have limit，To maintain the integrity of the site and original style，And to prevent underground remains may be destroyed。”High star think。

　　“遗址目前最大的破坏来自自然的应力。”高星如是说，“裸露着的包含珍贵化石和文化遗存的地层堆积会随着时光流逝而不断坍塌、流失，尤其是在考古发掘后留下的陡直剖面上。在这样重要而又脆弱的部位，应该进行人为干预，比如建遮雨棚、排水槽等。但这种干预不能过度，不能修一个金碧辉煌的现代建筑，破坏了遗址的原貌。”

“Site is now the most destructive from natural stress。”High star said，“The bare contains precious fossil and cultural heritage formation accumulation will as time goes by and continuous collapse、loss，Especially in the archaeological excavations left after the habit of section。In such important and weak position，Should carry out artificial intervention，Such as to build a canopy、Rhone, etc。But this kind of intervention cannot excessive，Able to fix a resplendent and magnificent modern architecture，Destroy the site of intact。”

　　深知搭建遮挡的分寸难以把握，卫奇提出了一个方法论式的考古原则“常年考察，有限开掘。”在书桌前，他握着一块百万年前的东谷坨石片，“不宜大规模挖掘，但每一次挖掘都要说明问题”。

Know that build keep out of discretion is difficult to grasp，WeiJi put forward a methodology type archaeological principle“Perennial investigation，Co., LTD., dig。”Before the desk，He held a piece of millions of years ago, the east valley tuo chip，“Shoulds not be large-scale mining，But each time the mining would say problem”。

　　不用力是失责，太用力是伤害。同样，记录了200万年人类演进史的泥河湾的未来，也握在这一代人的手中。

Don't force is responsibility，Too hard is hurt。The same，Record the 2 million human evolution mud coving future，Also held in the hands of this generation。