用信息技术解决黄金周拥堵难题 Using information technology to solve the golden week congestion problem

　　在这个可谓异常热闹和喜庆的黄金周，出现的一系列“井喷”“爆满”现象貌似符合大家对这个超长黄金周的预期，然而来势却太过凶猛，让各大景区难以招架，原本的应急预案成了纸上谈兵。

In this is a very busy place festival golden week,Appear a series of"blowout""full"Phenomenon seems to accord with all this long the golden week is expected,However oncoming force is too fierce,Let each big scenic spot to introduce,The original emergency plan became be an armchair strategist.

　　相信大部分选择国庆出游的人，都提前做好了心理准备，但还是会被这人山人海的阵势吓到。2008年之前，我们有3个黄金周：春节、“五一”和“十一”。自从“五一”黄金周被取消，变成几个小长假后，长途旅游的重任就几乎全压在“十一”身上：春节是合家团圆的节日，加之又处寒冬，大多景点游客稀少，而那几个3天的小长假根本来不及远游。

Believe most people choose National Day trips,All prepared well in advance,But will still be the people mountain people sea contingents scare.2008 years ago,We have three "golden week" holidays:The Spring Festival/"The May Day"and"eleven".since"The May Day"Golden week is cancelled,Become a few small long vacation,The burden of the long-distance travel is almost total pressure in"eleven"body:The Spring Festival is a family reunion festival,And in winter,Most tourists attractions scarce,And that a few 3 days of small long vacation travel fundamental too late.

　　再加上今年中秋节与国庆节相连，8天长假机不可失，大伙儿一窝蜂地出游，各大景区日均接客量超历史纪录自然在意料之中。如果，仅仅把“景区崩溃”的责任全推在中国人“喜欢凑热闹，不会玩”上，未免不太公道。但既然每个景点可承载的最大客流量是已知的，景点为何不预警限制客流呢？

Add this year Mid-Autumn festival and National Day connected,8 seven-day holiday take time by the forelock,Guys jumping on travel,Each big scenic spot daily amount of radiator period record natural in surprise.if,only"Scenic spot collapse"Responsibility all push in Chinese"Like to join in the fun,Won't play"on,Is not reasonable.But since each scenic spot can be carrying the biggest passenger volume is known,Attractions why not warning limit passenger flow?

5A级景区承担了全国旅游景点一半的客流量 5 a grade scenic spot for the national tourist attractions half of the passenger flow

　　目前，大型景区都有一个经测算的最佳接待人数，这个人数是长期摸索得出的结果，意即超过这个人数，景区内的游客就无法达到最佳游览状态。但全国除了布达拉宫设有最高接待人数的上限，其他知名景区都没有强制性的“最高接待人数”。

At present,Large scenic spot has a according to the calculation of the number of the best reception,This number is the results of groping for a long time,Which means more than this number,Scenic tourists cannot reach the best state visit.But the national in addition to the potala palace has received the highest number of upper limit,Other famous scenic spot are not mandatory"Received the highest number of".

　　游客露宿街头无处栖身、景区人满为患滞留严重，这些情况基本都只发生在5A景区。全国有1万多个景区，根据最新数据，5A级景区有137个。国家旅游局发布的《2011年全国A级旅游景区发展报告》显示，2011年，全国A级旅游景区接待旅客达到25.4亿人次，其中接待游客规模前50位基本上都是4A、5A级旅游景区，平均接待规模达752.52万人次，最低也达423.82万人次，前8位A级景区的接待规模都超过1000万人次。5A级旅游景区共接待游客11.88亿人次，营业收入1744.8亿元。也就是说，占比不到1%的5A级景区，承担了全国旅游景点一半的客流量，获得了全国旅游景点近70%的营业收入。如此不均衡的旅游市场，在黄金周的冲击下显得更加失衡。

Visitors to sleep on the street homeless/The serious crowded retention,These basic only occurred in 5 a scenic spot.There are more than 10000 national scenic spot,According to the latest data,5 a grade scenic spot has 137.Issued by the national tourism administration[The 2011 national A level traveling scenic area development report]display,In 2011,The national a-class tourist scenic spot reception passenger to 2.54 billion people,The scale of tourists received 50 top basically all is 4 a/5 a-class tourist scenic spot,Average reception scale up to 7.5252 million people,The minimum is 4.2382 million people,First eight A level scenic area reception scale is more than 10 million people.5 a-class tourist scenic spots received a total of 1.188 billion tourists,Business income is 174.48 billion yuan.That is,Account for less than 1% of the more than 5 a grade scenic spot,Take the national tourist attractions half of the passenger flow,Won the national tourist attractions nearly 70% of operating income.So don't balance of tourism market,Under the impact of the golden week appears more imbalances.

　　中国旅游研究院院长戴斌认为，这其实是大众旅游发展初级阶段所形成的一个现象：“从统计数据上看，每年景区收入占全国旅游收入的31%，这个比例相当大，而其中绝大部分来自门票收入。从景区来说，最佳容量是一个比较宽松的旅游环境，其测量标准的划定还处于一个探索的过程，游客之间间隙为一个拳头或者间隔5米是不同的容量标准，而最大容量更是很难计算。在门票收入成为主要收入的现实情况下，景区必然选择增加游客量，以提高景区收入。”

China's tourism research institute President dai bin think,It is the primary stage of mass tourism development formed a phenomenon:"From the statistical data to see,Every year scenic spot of the national tourism income 31% of revenue,The proportion is quite large,And for the most part from tickets income.For from the,The best capacity is a more comfortable travel environment,The measurement standard defined also are in a process of search,Gap between visitors for a fist or interval 5 meters are different capacity standard,And the maximum capacity is difficult to calculate.In the ticket income as the main income the real condition,The necessary choice for tourist visitors increase,In order to improve the income."

政府应该加强公共信息的引导 The government should strengthen the guidance of public information

　　“每次黄金周长假都会毫无悬念地发生拥堵的情况，很少有人愿意直面的是这种拥堵实际上是被媒体舆论夸大了。”中国社科院旅游研究中心特约研究员刘思敏说，“全国有数万家景区，门庭冷落的不在少数，真正在黄金周期间发生拥堵的、火爆的，实际上也只有100多家景区，也即最具全国性价值、最具观光价值、最具独特性的旅游景区是拥堵的。把全国最顶尖景区的拥堵放大为全国景区的拥堵，这是典型的以偏概全。即使今年首次因为收费公路对小客车免费引发自驾游热潮导致的公路拥堵，也主要发生在长三角、珠三角和北京周边地区，北京城区前所未有的畅通无阻，中国西部地区更是如此。”目前，大部分景区对游客的有效疏导、人流信息的有效发布等能力相对不足，也是造成过度拥堵的原因之一。游客大多知道在国庆期间旅游会遭遇扎堆儿，但并不一定了解景区拥挤到了何种程度。

"Every time the golden week holiday will be no suspense in the situation of traffic congestion,Few people are willing to face this kind of congestion is actually by the media opinion exaggerated."The Chinese academy of tourism research center special researcher LiuSiMin said,"There are thousands of the scenic spot,There's not few swing left out in the cold,In the golden week really happened during the congestion/fiery,In fact only more than 100 home scenic spot,Namely the most national value/The most sightseeing value/The most unique tourist scenic spot is heavy.The country's top scenic spot congestion amplification for the national scenic spot congestion,This is typical of halo effect.Even for the first time this year because of the toll road to car free cause leading to boom road congestion,Also mainly in Yangtze river delta/The pearl river delta and the surrounding areas of Beijing,The Beijing city unprecedented unimpeded,China's western region is even more so."At present,Most of the scenic spot to visitors effective dredge/The effective information flow by relative shortage of ability,Is also one of the reasons caused by excessive congestion.Most tourists know in National Day period will encounter ZaDuiEr tourism,But do not necessarily know the crowded to what extent.

　　戴斌说：“目前，彻底解决上述问题的方法还处于摸索阶段。试想，如果游客到达了景点不让进，那势必会爆发新的冲突；如果限票又容易孳生"黄牛党"等现象。因此，今后政府应该加强公共信息的引导，特别是利用好手机、互联网等工具及时向游客发布相关信息。”

Dai bin said:"At present,Thoroughly solve the above problem method is still in the exploratory stage.Just think,If visitors arrived at the sites don't let into,That surely will be a new outbreak of the conflict;If limit ticket and easy to breed"HuangNiuDang"Wait for a phenomenon.therefore,In the future the government should strengthen the guidance of public information,Especially the use of mobile phones/In time, such as the Internet tools to tourists released relevant information."

减少消费者旅游的盲目性，智慧旅游是大势所趋 To reduce the blindness of tourism consumers,Wisdom tourism is the trend of The Times

　　对大部分上班族或市民而言，能够与家人一起共同享受的长假，一年也就那么几次，因此，即便知道会堵在路上，也不得不在这难得一次的长假中出游。在不能从根本上改变这一现状的情况下，从技术手段上缓解拥堵，则显得更为重要。

For most workers or for citizens,Can together with family to enjoy the holiday,A year is so several times,therefore,Even know will plug on the road,Also had to in this rare in a long holiday travel.In cannot fundamentally change the current situation of the case,From the technical measures ease congestion,It appears more important.

　　10月2日，北京故宫博物院游客量迎来井喷，一举突破18万人次，比去年同期增加6万多人次，刷新了最大日接待量纪录。据悉，在近年来“黄金周”等旅游高峰，故宫每天接待的游客量几乎都突破了10万人次。人头攒动、摩肩接踵已成为形容“黄金周”期间故宫的最贴切的词语。相对于故宫门前现场购票的拥挤，提前在网上预约参观门票的观众可以随到随入，大大提高了参观效率。为此，故宫院方提醒计划前往参观的游客，可提前登录故宫博物院票务预订系统在线订票，以省去现场排队的烦恼。

On October 2,,Beijing Palace Museum visits welcomed blowout,Every breakthrough 180000 person-time,Increase than the same period last year more than 60000 people,Refresh the largest day receive the record.It is reported,In recent years"Golden week"Peak tourist season, etc,The imperial palace day to receive tourist visitors are almost broke the 100000 passengers.Crowded at/Cheek by jowl has become describe"Golden week"The Forbidden City is the most appropriate during the words.Relative to the imperial palace door tickets crowded field,In advance online booking tickets to the audience can follow with into,Greatly improve the efficiency of the visit.therefore,The imperial palace the hospital remind plans to visit tourist,Can log in the Palace Museum in advance ticket reservation system book tickets online,To save the trouble of the queue.

　　2011年，国家旅游局提出我国将争取用10年左右时间，初步实现基于信息技术的“智慧旅游”。“智慧旅游是大势所趋。”中国旅游研究院杨彦锋博士说，“智慧旅游”的发展，将极大地提高旅游企业管理、服务、营销的效率以及游客出游的便利性，推动旅游产业转型升级。

In 2011,The national tourism administration put forward our country will strive for 10 years with time,Preliminary realization based on information technology"Wisdom tourism"."Wisdom tourism is the trend of The Times."China's tourism YangYanFeng research institute, "said dr,"Wisdom tourism"development,Will greatly improve the tourism enterprise management/service/Marketing efficiency and the convenience of tourists to travel,To promote the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry.

　　不少业内人士表示，黄金周期间景区拥堵，除了各种原因导致的旅游需求爆发超过预期之外，基本上各景区都完全没有客流预约及人数上限预警机制，导致不少景区出现超额接待的情况。

A lot of people in the industry say,During the golden week scenic spot congestion,In addition to all causes of travel demand outbreak outside than expected,Basically each scenic spot are no passenger booking and limit the number of early warning mechanism,Lead to many scenic spots appear excess reception situation.

　　针对这一状况，携程旅游业务部常务副总经理何勇认为可以从三个方面来改善：“一、各景区要建立预警机制。过量客流显然会影响到真正有消费能力客人的出行意愿及景区的口碑。二、快速入园流程。今后的趋势应该是，大部分客人通过网络和手机预订，在景区可刷手机、身份证直接入园。三、建立类似酒店的预付价格机制。通过价格区隔引导游客的选择，预付更便宜，现付略贵，现场买票价格更高，以引导预约购票，也可事先检测客流情况。”何勇认为，通过网络预约更方便，同时，通过网络建立景区客流的人数上限预警机制，以期适度调控景区拥堵情况。

According to the situation,Ctrip tourism department executive vice general manager HeYong think can from three aspects to improve:"a/The scenic area to establish early warning mechanism.Excessive passenger flow will obviously affect the real consumption ability the guest's travel intention and the reputation.two/Fast into the process.The future trend should be,Most of the guests through the network and cell phone book,In the scenic spot can brush mobile phone/Id card directly into the garden.three/Establish similar hotel advance price mechanism.Through the price segmentation guide the choice of tourists,Prepaid cheaper,Now pay slightly expensive,The ticket prices higher,To guide booking tickets,Also can advance detection passenger flow situation."HeYong think,Through the network booking more convenient,At the same time,Through the network to establish the number of passenger flow limit warning mechanism,In order to control the moderate congestion.

　　戴斌也认为，加强发挥信息技术在旅游管理领域的作用，相信能够有效地解决旅游信息不对称的问题，让游客更便捷地了解景区的游客接待状况。而从发达国家的经验来看，利用信息技术，可以开展参观预约服务，让消费者及时得到景区的全面信息，减少消费者旅游的盲目性。

Dai bin also think,To strengthen the information technology in the play the role of tourism management field,Believe that can effectively solve the tourist information asymmetry problem,Let visitors more convenient understanding of the scenic area tourist reception situation.And from the experiences of developed countries to see,The use of information technology,Can carry on the visit booking service,Let the consumer get the timely the comprehensive information,To reduce the blindness of tourism consumers.