据《郑州日报》11月19日报道：“黄帝故里拜祖大典筹委会面向全球华人公开征集癸巳年黄帝故里拜祖大典拜祖文。”

According to[Zhengzhou daily]On November 19, reported:"Yellow emperor worship ceremonies of native fathers organising committee for global Chinese public solicitation decyl the third emperor worship ceremonies in hometown fathers worshipped ZuWen."

　　据悉，黄帝祭祀拜祖文征集活动从今年11月19日开始，到2013年1月18日截止。应征作品应围绕拜祖大典的主题，弘扬中华精神，体现黄帝故里拜祖的文化特质、历史底蕴，具有突出的文学特色和强大的感染力、号召力，作品语言为中文，字数不得少于200字，体裁不限。

It is reported,Yellow emperor worship ZuWen solicitation sacrifice from November 19 start,To 2013 January 18 day cut-off.The entries should center around the theme of worship ceremonies of fathers,To carry forward the spirit,Yellow emperor worship embody hometown their cultural traits/History background,Has the outstanding literary characteristics and strong appeal/Rallying point,Work language is Chinese,Words may not be less than 200 words,Any genre.

　　对于征文的评选，该报道称：“黄帝故里拜祖大典筹委会将从应征作品中挑出200件入围作品颁发证书和纪念奖；从200件入围作品中挑选出10件优秀作品颁发证书并给予2万元的奖励；从10件优秀作品中确定一件中标作品，颁发证书并给予5万元的奖励。”

The selection for the essay,The report says:"Yellow emperor worship ceremonies of native fathers from the PC will work to select 200 pieces of works selected certificate and trophy;From 200 pieces in be seleted work selected 10 a outstanding works certificate and give award of $20000;From 10 a outstanding works in a bid to determine works,Certificate and give award of $50000."

　　有关黄帝祭祀、黄帝文化的新闻，每每都会引起众多国人的关注，因为被称为“文明初祖”的黄帝，也是中华民族传统文化中最重要的象征之一。然而，最近以来各地纷起的各种黄帝祭祀活动、黄帝文化产业的打造，却常常在社会上引发许多争论与批评。对此，中国社科院哲学研究所研究员李河表示：“各地争黄帝生日、争出生地、争陵地……争得一片乱象。”

Sacrifice the yellow emperor/Yellow emperor cultural news,Often can cause the attention of many people,Because is called"Early civilization fathers"The yellow emperor huangdi,Is Chinese traditional culture in one of the most important symbol.however,Since the recent across all sorts of yellow emperor worship were struggling/The making of the yellow emperor cultural industry,But often in the society which causes a lot of debate and criticism.this,By the Chinese academy of social sciences researcher at the institute of philosophy LiHe said:"For birthday around the emperor/For birthplace/For ling to……With a piece of the mess."

黄帝祭祀的你争我夺 Yellow emperor sacrifice rat race

　　记者：最近针对各地争办黄帝祭祀活动，公众纷争不断，争议也不少，对此您怎么看？

reporter:Recently all over in vying for the yellow emperor worship,Public battled,Dispute also many,How do you see this?

　　李河：黄帝祭祀的乱象表现在很多方面，很多地方都有祭祀黄帝的活动，争的内容也各有不同，有争黄帝出生地的，比如河南新郑，甘肃天水，如果算上《史记·五帝本纪》的注疏中关于“(黄帝)生于寿丘”的说法，还包括山东曲阜等。此外，有争黄帝生日的，陕西黄帝陵网站依据“二月二，龙抬头”的民谣，声称黄帝诞于农历二月二，“黄帝是条龙”；而河南安徽一些地方则断言黄帝的生日是农历三月三，它的依据也与上述民谣有关，说是“二月二，龙抬头；三月三，生轩辕”因为多出了一句，就把黄帝的生日推后了一个月。最后还有争陵地的，《史记·五帝本纪》有云：“黄帝崩，葬桥山”。在这之后各地出了不少“桥山”，比较有名的是北京西去150公里的河北省涿鹿县的桥山，还有甘肃一带的桥山，自然也包括陕西黄陵县(原名桥山县)的桥山。此外，像北京平谷、河南等地也号称有黄帝陵或冢。

LiHe:The yellow emperor sacrifice mess performance in many aspects,Many places have sacrifice to the activities of the yellow emperor,The content of the dispute also have each different,Has any of the yellow emperor birthplace,Such as henan xinzheng,Gansu tianshui,If you count the[Shih chi · five emperors and eloquent appraisals appended]About the exegesis"(Yellow emperor)Was born in longevity hill"that,Also includes shandong qufu, etc.In addition,Any yellow emperor birthday,Shaanxi yellow emperor mausoleum site basis"February,dragon-head-raising"folk,The yellow emperor says Christmas in February lunar calendar,"The yellow emperor is a dragon";And henan anhui some places alleges the yellow emperor's birthday is March 3rd lunar calendar,It is also the basis of the relevant folk,say"February,dragon-head-raising;march,Born xuanyuan"For more than 1,The yellow emperor's birthday postponed a month.Finally, there are the for ling,[Shih chi · five emperors and eloquent appraisals appended]A cloud:"Yellow emperor avalanche,Was buried bridge mountain".After this all out of many"Bridge mountain",Comparison of the famous Beijing die 150 kilometers of hebei province ZhuoLuXian bridge mountain,And gansu area bridge mountain,Nature also includes huangling shaanxi(Formerly known as bridge mountain county)Bridge mountain.In addition,Like Beijing pinggu/Henan etc also claims to have yellow emperor mausoleum or mound.

　　记者：那在这些争议之中，您认为哪些观点是比较真实的呢？

reporter:That in these disputes in,What do you think is more true view??

　　李河：上述说法，可以说九成都是言不足征，所有的根据其实都非信史。黄帝本来是个神话时代的形象。千百年来在各个地方口口相传，因而属于不同地域的民间创作和集体创作。但这些集体性创作如果要成为信史，必须经过严肃的历史考古和研究。值得注意的是，今天虽然各地对黄帝属地争得热火朝天，黄帝公祭也闹得沸反盈天，但关于黄帝的严肃考据研究却十分冷。这是很说明问题的。无论黄帝是否存在，关于黄帝存在的严肃证明首先是不存在的。

LiHe:The above statement,Can say nine chengdu is insufficient sign said,All the according to the actually all the historic.Yellow emperor was a age of mythology image.One thousand years in various places of mouth,Thus belong to different regional folk creation and collective creation.But these collective creation if you want to become historic,Must pass a serious archaeological and historical research.It is important to note that,Today, although the territory of the yellow emperor in a fiercely in full swing,Yellow emperor of the zangs become raise hell,But the yellow emperor about serious textual research study is very cold.This is a description of the problem.No matter whether there is yellow emperor,The yellow emperor is a serious about that first is not exist.

李河：黄帝文化莫成村办旅游 LiHe:Yellow emperor cultural mo into village tourism

　　作为历史人物，黄帝或许并不可信，但“黄帝文化”确实是在火热流传。因为，这是一个能够吸引民族目光的大题材。大题材本应大制作，上面提到的严肃研究和考证就是大制作的一部分。然而，现在的许多黄帝祭祀活动，从其文字宣传来看，实在透出一个“小”来。

As a historical figure,Yellow emperor may not credible,but"Yellow emperor culture"It is in the hot spread.because,This is a nation that can attract the eye of the big themes.The big subjects after production,Mentioned above serious research and textual research is part of the production.however,Now many yellow emperor worship,From the word propaganda to see,Really give a"small"to.

　　中国社科院哲学研究所研究员李河认为：“许多黄帝祭祀活动，从仪式设计到网络宣传，都搞得跟"村办旅游"似的。那些黄帝文化的宣传内容，也都跟村办旅游的宣传册似的，充满了齐东野语，堆砌着大量低俗的附会、传说和当代编造。在无数的攀比、争抢之中，黄帝变成了一个笑柄。”

By the Chinese academy of social sciences researcher at the institute of philosophy LiHe think:"Many of the yellow emperor worship,From the ceremony design to network publicity,Up with"Village tourism"like.The yellow emperor cultural publicity content,Also with village tourism brochure similar,Filled with vulgarism,Packing with a lot of four-letter wildly/Legends and contemporary made up.In the numerous bandwagon/Of for,Yellow emperor became a joke."

　　更重要的是，作为中华民族的始祖，黄帝崇拜在现代社会是否还合宜？对此，李河说：“黄帝崇拜和祖先崇拜一样，和宗法、血缘直接相关，是传统时代谈论民族时最重要的标准。但是，这些带有明显前现代特征的符号和标准，在现代社会是否还要强化？”

More important is,As the father of the Chinese nation,Yellow emperor worship in the modern society is still appropriate?this,LiHe said:"Yellow emperor worship and ancestor worship the same,And patriarchal/Blood is directly related to the,Is the traditional time talking about the most important national standard.but,These with obvious characteristics of former modern symbols and standard,In the modern society whether to strengthen?"

黄帝传说的成型 The legend of emperor molding

　　记者：黄帝既然是一个神话时代的传说人物，他的形象又是如何形成的呢？

reporter:Yellow emperor since is a age of mythology legends characters,His image is how to form?

　　李河：这个缺乏具体研究。但从“黄帝”名称的内涵(“黄帝，土德”)以及黄帝传说所附会的一些重要特性来看，黄帝传说应当是“五行学说”成熟后才成型的。我们知道，五行学说作为一个天地人的解释系统，是在战国后期到秦汉时代成形的，在西汉时期获得长足发展。从黄帝传说中的大量内容推断，汉代应是它的繁盛期。

LiHe:This lack of concrete research.But from"Yellow emperor"The connotation of the name("Yellow emperor,Soil DE")And a legend, emperor of some important characteristics to see,The legend of emperor should be"The theory of the five elements"Mature before forming.We know that,The theory of the five elements as a great explanation system,In the warring states period to the qin and han dynasties is the late age forming,In the western han dynasty achieved great progress.From the legendary yellow emperor of that content,Han dynasty should be its prosperous period.

　　记者：那么，黄帝传说究竟是怎样一种文化传统呢？

reporter:so,The legend of emperor what a kind of cultural tradition?

　　李河：文化传统可分为大传统和小传统。所谓大传统是指那些与国家的政治发展有关的文化内容，比如中国汉代以后的“五行学说”，就属于大传统。由此界分，黄帝传说中包含一些大传统的内容，即为后世“立法”的内容。如许多史书讲黄帝“有土德之瑞，故号黄帝”；黄帝战胜炎帝，是土德代替火德。这种传说，显然把黄帝事迹当做“五行相克”解释体系的第一案例。也正是根据这种解释系统，中国历史上许多朝代很关心自己的“五行之德”，并由此生成自己的服色及相关象征物。也正因为这一点，历史上也就有了天子祭祀黄帝的传说，例如汉武帝。但必须看到，黄帝传说中的更大部分内容与许多地域性的小传统有关，比如说黄帝面上有“龙纹”“龙须”、黄帝乘龙归去留下衣冠冢、黄帝四面……这些附会传说古已有之，当代为盛。如今各地争夺黄帝属地，开展祭黄活动，基本上全部依据来自这些小传统。因此这里需要指出，“弘扬传统文化”，并不意味着要大量复活小传统的传说和迷信。更何况这些传说和迷信复活的背后，还充斥着浓烈的功利主义动机。

LiHe:Traditional culture can be divided into the great tradition and the little tradition.The so-called great tradition refers to the country's political development and the cultural content,Such as the han Chinese later"The theory of the five elements",It belongs to the great tradition.The boundary points,The legend of emperor contains some big traditional content,Namely for the later"legislation"content.Like many history speak yellow emperor"Have the red soil DE,The yellow emperor,";Yellow emperor yan victory over,Is soil DE instead of fire DE.This kind of legend,It is obvious that the yellow emperor as deeds"Five line phase grams"The first case interpretation system.It is also the according to this interpretation system,Historically, many dynasties is concerned about his own"The virtue of the five elements",And thus generate their own clad and related symbols.Also because of this,History will have a son of heaven sacrifice to the legend of the yellow emperor,Such as emperor.But must see,The legendary yellow emperor more most content and many regional small traditional relevant,For example the yellow emperor surface"Dragon grain""dragon"/Yellow emperor ChengLong return leave cenotaph/Yellow emperor all around……These ancient legend has a,Contemporary for filled.Now for the yellow emperor all dependency,In offering yellow activities,Basically all basis from these little tradition.So here need to point out,"Carry forward the traditional culture",Is not meant to be a large number of resurrection small traditional legends and superstition.Besides these legends and superstition behind the resurrection,Also filled with strong utilitarian motivation.

缺少现代意识的祭祀 The lack of modern consciousness of sacrifice

　　记者：黄帝祭祀表现的文化民族主义内涵又是什么呢？

reporter:Yellow emperor ritual performance of cultural nationalism connotation?

　　李河：不管是黄帝生日、出生地、陵地等各种黄帝之争，到底争的是什么呢？争的是“中华民族的根”发源于哪儿，争的是圣地或圣域资源，争的是正统。这是因为，黄帝虽然是个上古传说，但却是一个涉及民族之根的传说。也正因为这样，它成为塑造民族主义认同的最大题材，由此会围绕着这个传说形成一系列仪式，最终形成了祭祀传统。如果说黄帝存在与否还有待考证，那么不容否认的是，关于黄帝的祭祀传统确实是存在的。前面提到，统治者出面祭祀的事例，古有大搞“封禅”祭祀的汉武帝，近代也有革命者如孙中山，此外，1937年黄帝祭祀，当时的延安也派出代表参加。这些祭祀都有一个相同的地方，即都处在特殊的时代，需要民族凝聚力的时代。汉武帝是征匈奴，孙中山为“驱除鞑虏”，抗战时期祭祀黄帝陵，其含义更是不言自明。

LiHe:Whether the yellow emperor birthday/birthplace/Ling to wait for all sorts of yellow emperor rivalry,For what is what?Against is"The root of the Chinese nation"Originate from where,The dispute is holy or saint area resources,Against the orthodox is.This is because,Yellow emperor although is a ancient legend,But it is a national roots in the legend.Also because of this,It became the biggest shaping nationalism identity theme,This will be around the story form a series ceremony,Eventually formed traditional sacrifice.If the yellow emperor exist or not remains to be proven,It is undeniable,The yellow emperor about sacrifice to traditional really exists.mentioned,The ruler to sacrifice examples,Ancient great make"FengChan"Sacrifice to the emperor,Modern also have revolutionaries such as sun yat-sen,In addition,In 1937, the yellow emperor sacrifice,The yanan also sent representatives to participate in.These sacrifice there is a the same place,Or in a specific era,Need the era of national cohesion.Emperor is sign huns,Sun yat-sen as"Lustrate Da lu",The Anti-Japanese War the mausoleum of sacrifice,Its meaning is self-evident.

　　记者：为什么在今天黄帝祭祀活动上会有这么多的争议呢？

reporter:Why the emperor worship today will have so many disputes?

　　李河：虽然所有的黄帝祭祀都打着弘扬传统文化的旗号，但其动机大多是利益的。由于这个原因，这些祭祀在对传统内容进行现代化转化方面缺乏意识。比如过于夸张民族“同根同系”、“血浓于水”等血缘联系观念，过于强化共同祖先的观念。将这些陈旧的民族观念拿到今天，再利用低俗传说包裹上地方政府的功利内核，由此而形成的祭祀，必然缺乏祖先崇拜中那最重要的虔诚。这种不虔诚是所有虔诚的人所不能容忍的。

LiHe:Although all of the yellow emperor is a sacrifice to carry forward the traditional culture flag,But the motivation is mostly interests.For this reason,These sacrifice to the traditional contents in modern transformation of lack of awareness.Such as too exaggerated nation"Cognate homologous"/"Blood is thicker than water"And blood contact idea,Too strengthen the concept of common ancestor.Will these old national concept to today,Reuse pulp legend parcel on local government utility kernel,Thus, in the form of sacrifice,Will the lack of ancestor worship in the most important religious.This religion is all devout man cannot tolerate.

祖先崇拜应该审慎 Ancestor worship should be prudent

　　记者：您觉得基于血缘联系的祖先崇拜是否需要节制一些呢？

reporter:Do you think the ancestor worship based on blood contact if you need some moderation??

　　李河：黄帝崇拜和祖先崇拜一样，和宗法、血缘关系紧密。在传统时代中，人们谈族群，首先关注的是共同的祖先、共同的血缘、共同的地域等。在此背景下，西方早期的人类学在很长时间内曾经就是人种学或种族学，后来在德国纳粹的种族论中达到登峰造极的地步。“二战”以后，人们谈论民族的角度发生重大变化，更强调民族的文化、语言、信仰等方面，而淡化其血缘或种族纯粹的内容。从这个意义看，我们这几十年来围绕伏羲女娲、黄帝炎帝等祭祀而强调的祖先、根系、血缘的观念，确实有些过度了。当然，共同祖先、共同血缘的说法，或许有利于吸引海外华人的向心意识。但由于目前中国各地的“争圣地”之战方兴未艾，许多著名海外华人像是赶场的演员，出席了这个仪式又要赶赴另一个仪式，虽然一个个仪式富丽堂皇，但是总能让人们从中看到些许忙乱。

LiHe:Yellow emperor worship and ancestor worship the same,And patriarchal/Blood relationship closely.In the traditional times,People talk about ethnic,First concern is the common ancestor/Common blood/The common area, etc.In this context,Western early anthropology in a very long time once is ethnics or race to learn,Later, in the German Nazi racial theory attain the highest possible perfection in it."World war ii"later,People talk about the point of view of the national major change,More emphasis on national culture/language/Belief and other aspects,And lessen the blood or racial pure content.See from this meaning,We this for decades around fu nuwa/Yan emperor and sacrifice and emphasizing the ancestors/root/Consanguineous ideas,Do some too much.Of course,Common ancestor/Common blood said,Perhaps is helpful to attract overseas Chinese to heart consciousness.But because it now all over China"Against the holy land"War is in the ascendant,Many famous overseas Chinese like visit numerous actor,Attended the ceremony and will to another ceremony,Although a ceremony magnificence,But always can let people see a little fuss.

　　记者：那黄帝能否被视为中华民族的“共祖”呢？

reporter:The yellow emperor can be regarded as the Chinese nation's"concestor"??

　　李河：这个问题现在真的需要研究。在传统社会，黄帝逐渐成为中原文化的共同象征。为满足这个神话功能，黄帝变成了一个具有强大生殖力的祖先，24个儿子，承袭或获得了十多个姓。这么多子孙，使黄帝的后裔不仅布满中原，也遍及四域。如北魏拓跋氏在入主中原后就宣称是黄帝后裔。《魏书》里面说“黄帝以土德王，北俗谓土为拓，称后为跋，故以拓跋为氏”。不过我们知道，这种宣称其实不过是少数民族进入中原之后，为其获得正统承认所做的文化努力。现在的问题是，黄帝能否成为今天中华民族56个民族的共同始祖？能否得到中华民族各成员的同意？对这个问题要想做出肯定的回答，就必须给出严格的论证；如果回答是否定的，那我们就得考虑，过度消费黄帝文化、共同血缘和共同祖先等这类符号，对于实现中华民族的文化认同究竟是有好处还是有坏处的？此外，还需要特别提出的是，在今天这个中国日渐强大的时代，对于那种强调血缘祖先的民族主义，是应该持审慎态度的。

LiHe:The problem now really need to study.In the traditional society,The culture of the area south of yellow emperor gradually become common symbol.To meet this myth function,Yellow emperor became a strong reproductivity ancestors,24 son,Patrimonial or won more than ten surname.So many children,The seed of the yellow emperor to not only be full of the central plains,Also throughout four domain.Such as the northern wei dynasty TaBaShi while living in the central plains after they claimed to be yellow emperor seed.[Wei book]Inside said"Yellow emperor to soil DE king,North the common soil for "extension,Says after l 'envoi,With the extension epilog to's".But we know,This claim but the minority into the central plains after,For the acquisition of orthodox admitted that do to culture.The question now is,Yellow emperor can become today the Chinese nation 56 ethnic common ancestor?The Chinese nation can get the consent of the members?To this question to make sure of the answer,We must strictly argument is given;If the answer is negative,Then we have to consider,Excessive consumption culture of the yellow emperor/Common blood and common ancestors and this kind of symbol,In the realization of the Chinese nation's cultural identity is what is good is bad or the?In addition,Also need special is proposed,In this era of increasingly powerful China,For that emphasize blood ancestors of nationalism,Should be a prudent attitude.

精神追求要求真 Spiritual pursuit for true

　　记者：以您个人的观点，公众应该怎样对待黄帝祭祀活动才比较合适呢？

reporter:In your personal point of view,The public should be how to treat the yellow emperor worship to more appropriate?

　　李河：首先，地方政府搞这样的活动应该谨慎，不要滥用公权力、公共财政、公共影响力去支持和推动这样的活动。比如说财政问题，这些活动的经费是哪里来的？如说是民间自发筹集的，那自然没有问题。但如果是公共财政支付的，就是纳税人的钱，这些钱的使用又是否经过了必要的程序？此外，要真正彰显黄帝祭祀的文化内涵，对这种活动的“文化”就必须进行认真的梳理和论证。这样才能避免把“文化活动”搞成“没文化活动”，把弘扬传统文化搞成复活小传统的地方迷信传说。

LiHe:First of all,Local governments make such activities should be cautious,Don't abuse of public power/Public finance/Public influence to support and promote such activities.For example financial problems,These programs is where to?If say the folk spontaneous raise,The natural no problem.But if it is public finance payment,Is the taxpayer's money,The use of the money and whether, after the necessary procedures?In addition,To really sacrifice reveals yellow emperor cultural connotation,To this kind of activity"culture"It must carry on serious carding and reasoning.Such ability avoid"Cultural activities"Make into"No cultural activities",To carry forward the traditional culture make into resurrection small traditional local superstitions.

　　记者：虔诚容易理解，但一种文化象征要真正地树立起来，同样需要求真求实的精神？

reporter:Piety easy to understand,But a kind of culture symbol to really set up,Also need the spirit of pragmatic truth?

　　李河：衡量一个民族精神发展的高度，其中一条就是是否追求超越性。而这种超越性需要精确地论证，需要逻辑、事实的支撑，对于超越性的解释，要有求真意识，不仅是逻辑上的真，事实上的真，还包括永恒的真。这就需要不迷信，不崇拜，多追问。如面对炎黄、伏羲女娲一类传说，就需要这样一类追问。当然，有些人会说黄帝祭祀属于信仰范畴，不宜采用求真态度去对待。然而问题恰恰在于，信仰也有不同类型，也有低级和高级之分。从宗教史角度看，中国历史中那些小传统宗教，基本没超出原始宗教、地方迷信的范畴，进化程度较低。如今即使要复苏传统信仰，也需对这些原始题材进行改造升级。否则，让这样的大规模祭祀盛行，能否有益于这个民族的文化认同尚不清楚，但肯定会强化目前民间的迷信气氛，强化官场中存在的“不问苍生问鬼神”的气氛。少一些原始崇拜，对我们现代社会的发展，是有利而非有害的。

LiHe:The measure of a national spirit height of development,Article one is whether the pursuit of transcendence.And this kind of transcendence need precise argument,Need logic/The facts support,For transcendence explanation,Want to have truth consciousness,Is not only the logical true,In fact true,Also include eternal true.This need not superstitious,Do not worship,Many questions.In the face of such as Chinese/Fu nuwa kind of legend,Will need such kind of questions.Of course,Some people will say the yellow emperor sacrifice to belong to the category of faith,Unfavorable use seeking manner to treat.But the problem is just,Beliefs have different types,Also have junior and senior of the points.From the perspective of religion,In the Chinese history the small traditional religion,Basic not beyond the primitive religion/Place the category of superstition,Evolution degree is low.Now even if to resurrect the traditional beliefs,Also need to the original subject matter to carry on the transformation and upgrade.otherwise,Let such a large-scale ritual prevailing,Can be beneficial to the national cultural identity is still not clear,But will surely strengthen current folk superstitions atmosphere,Strengthen existing in officialdom"Don't ask people ask ghosts and gods"atmosphere.Less original worship,For us the development of modern society,Is advantageous not harmful.
　　李河 中国社科院哲学研究所研究员，《世界哲学》(原《哲学译丛》)主编，北京哲学学会理事，《文化蓝皮书公共文化服务发展报告》和《文化蓝皮书国际文化产业发展报告》编委。研究领域包括现象学、解释学、西方政治哲学史、当代国外文化政策研究、中国传统思想研究。

LiHe by the Chinese academy of social sciences researcher at the institute of philosophy,[The world philosophy](original[Philosophy translations])editor,Beijing philosophy association,[Cultural blue book public cultural service development report]and[Cultural blue book international cultural industry development report]editors.Research areas include phenomenology/hermeneutics/Western political philosophy/The contemporary foreign cultural policy research/Chinese traditional thought research.