新加坡作为东南亚一个发达国家，现代都市发展的典型范例，拥有“花园城市”之美称。其中，健全发达的交通网络和运输系统、具有前瞻性的交通管理与调节政策、规划性的土地使用和城市扩展、人性化的设施和环保理念的普及等条件，更为“花园国家”增色不少。其公共交通系统被国民、甚至是曾经到过新加坡生活旅游的、来自世界各国的人民所称赞。

Singapore as the southeast Asia a developed country,Modern urban development of typical examples,have"Garden city"Good name.the,Perfect developed traffic network and transportation system/Forward-looking traffic management and control policy/Planning of land use and urban expansion/Humanized facilities and environmental condition such as the concept of popularization,more"Garden country"Graces many.The public traffic system is national/Even have been to Singapore life tourism/From all over the world people's praise.

　　在昆明将建设“公交都市”的今天，如何借鉴新加坡优良的公交系统模式，便成为了一个值得探讨、研究的话题。

The construction in kunming"Bus urban"today,How to draw lessons from Singapore good bus system model,Become a worthy to be discussed/Research topic.

人口众多 公交发达 Population bus developed

　　新加坡是东南亚的一个国家，是全球最为富裕的国家之一，属于新兴的发达国家。它是亚洲重要的金融、服务和航运中心之一，是一个国际金融中心，是东南亚唯一跻身发达国家行列的岛国。

Singapore is a country of southeast Asia,Is the world one of the most rich countries,Belong to the emerging of the developed countries.It is Asia important financial/Service and shipping centers of the world,Is an international financial centre,Is southeast Asia's only among the ranks of the developed countries island.

　　新加坡国土面积714.3平方公里，人口531万，也就是说，每平方公里就需容纳人口超7257个，可谓相当拥挤。在这样地少人多的情况下，却拥有一个发达、畅快的公交系统。据统计，新加坡机动车总量破72万辆，其中私人小汽车有41.4万辆，占了总数的57.7%。由于新加坡水陆交接、地理位置优越，政府又大力鼓励和扶持运输业，使得新加坡成为国际航运中心、世界的十字路口之一。横穿整个新加坡，从东至西不过几十公里，但公路总里程却有三千多公里，其中高速公路150公里，如果把整个新加坡的所有车道长度加合，总里程可达7000公里，相当于新加坡到泰国曼谷5倍的距离。新加坡公路占地面积已超过全国土地的10%，几乎等同于该国住房面积。

Singapore's land area of 714.3 square kilometers,A population of 5.31 million,That is,Per square kilometer will need to hold the population of over 7257,Is quite crowded.In this less people number of cases,Have a developed/Lightsome bus system.According to the statistics,Singapore total vehicle break 720000 cars,The private cars has 414000 vehicles,Accounted for 57.7% of the total.Because Singapore amphibious handover/The geographical position is superior,The government and to encourage and support transportation,Make Singapore become an international shipping center/The world one of the intersection.Across the entire Singapore,From east to west but a few tens of kilometers,But highway total mileage has more than three thousand kilometers,The highway 150 kilometers,If the whole Singapore all lane length adduct,The total ranges of 7000 km,Equivalent to Singapore to Bangkok 5 times the distance.Singapore highway covers an area of more than 10% of the national land,Almost equivalent to the country's housing area.

　　目前，新加坡公路干线长度超过3300公里，全岛已经构筑起一个犹如蜘蛛网般的高度发达的交通网络，以地铁和巴士为主线，以轻轨和的士为辅助。地铁和巴士系统的日常运作交由SMRT和新捷运负责，这两家公司也同时经营轻轨和的士业务，以保证各种公共交通服务的有效结合。公共交通系统实行统一票价，成人车资，每一趟由0.73到2.3新元不等，所有系统均接受EZlink卡或零钱付款，持卡乘车可享有车资优惠。

At present,Singapore arterial highway length of more than 3300 kilometers,The island has build up a is like a spider's web of highly developed traffic network,To the subway and bus as the main line,With light rail and taxi for auxiliary.The subway and bus system daily operation to SMRT and new the MRT is responsible for,The two companies also business light rail and taxi business,To ensure that all kinds of public transportation service effective combination.The public transport system unified fare,Adult fares,Every trip from 0.73 to 2.3 that inequality,All systems are accept EZlink card or change payment,Bus CARDS can enjoy preferential carfare.

每站点15分钟来趟车 Each site 15 minutes to train

　　新加坡的公共交通特色在于建立了完整有效的道路交通网络，包括普通道路、城市快速路、地铁系统、轻轨系统。据最新统计，新加坡已建成3000公里以城市快速路为主干、普通道路为主线的道路交通网络，而现在新加坡每天的出行人数多达1000万人次，预计到2020年将增长至1400万人次。

Singapore's public traffic characteristic lies in the establishment of a complete effective road traffic network,Including ordinary road/Urban expressway/Subway system/Light rail system.According to the latest statistics,Singapore has been built 3000 km of urban expressway to give priority to dry/Ordinary road as the main line of the road traffic network,And now Singapore daily travel number as many as 10 million people,It is estimated that by 2020 will grow to 14 million people.

　　道路交通网络的效率是通过先进的智能交通系统来完成。目前，快速轨道中轻轨与地铁共计128公里，92个车站；公共汽车三千多辆，出租车超过1.8万辆，共计250条运营线路。

Road traffic network of efficiency is through the advanced intelligent transportation system to complete.At present,Rapid rail of the light rail and subway totaling 128 kilometers,92 the station;Bus three thousand cars,Taxi more than 18000 vehicles,Article 250 a total of operating line.

　　在新加坡，公共交通网十分成熟和发达。全国形成了以83千米地铁线为中轴、两百多条巴士线为辐射、三千多个站点为扩散的公共交通网。每个站点的来车数为十五分钟一趟，早到站和迟到站时间在一至两分钟之间，从任何地方出来，400米以内必有一个站点。四通八达的交通网络支撑着新加坡的车流控制，保证了居民的良好出行环境，在出行不便的情况下，选择公共交通的人越来越多，道路上的机动车就相对减少，良性循环保障了道路的通畅。

In Singapore,Public traffic network is very mature and developed.The national formed a 83 km subway lines for axial/More than two hundred bus line for radiation/More than three thousand sites for diffusion of public traffic network.Each site to car number 15 minutes for a trip,As early as late arrivals and standing time in one to two minutes between,From any place out,Within 400 meters there will be a site.A transportation network extending in all directions supporting the Singapore's traffic control,Ensure the residents travel good environment,In the travel inconvenient case,Choose public transport are more and more people,Road motor vehicle decreases relatively,Benign cycle guarantee the road unobstructed.

　　小刘曾在新加坡留学，他告诉记者，才到新加坡的时候，每天早上乘坐地铁去学校，很多次都挤不上，他曾抱怨过拥挤的交通根本与这个城市太不相符，但后来他发现，新加坡的公交系统都是由政府补贴的，所有公共交通设施建设都来自于纳税所得，所以越来越多的人去搭乘地铁，那么对于有时的拥挤，他便很理解了。

XiaoLiuCeng study in Singapore,He told reporters,To Singapore's time,Take the subway to school every morning,Many times are all squeezed in,He complained through the crowded traffic fundamental and the city is not consistent,But then he found,Singapore's bus system are made by government subsidies,All public transport facilities construction comes from the tax income,So more and more people go to take the subway,Then for the crowded sometimes,He was very understanding.

2020年公交出行率70% 2020 bus travel rate 70%

　　有报道显示，2006年，新加坡公路交通管理局进行了一次广泛的综合性调查，收集了公共交通领域包括乘客、司乘人员和管理层等广大公众对现有公交政策的意见和反馈，并据此于2008年出台了一部交通总体规划，决定全力打造一个以人为本的交通体系。该规划的战略性主旨就是，使公交成为人们出行的首选。2008年，新加坡的公交出行率就已高达59%，高于世界上绝大多数国家。而新加政府并不满足于此，他们计划到2020年，把公交出行率提高到70%。

The report says,In 2006,,Singapore highway traffic administration conducted a wide range of comprehensive survey,Collect the public traffic fields including passengers/Company by personnel and management and the general public to existing bus policy comments and feedback,And then in 2008 introduced a traffic planning,Decided to create a people-oriented transportation system.This planning strategic purport is,Make bus become people the first choice of travel.In 2008,,Singapore's bus travel rate has been as high as 59%,Higher than most countries in the world.The new JiaZhengFu is not satisfied with this,They plan to 2020,The bus travel rate increased to 70%.

　　大容量快速轨道交通地铁或轻轨，就是由公路交通管理局负责开发和管理的。早在上世纪80年代初，新加坡就开建了东西线和南北线两套具有里程碑意义的轨道交通系统。新加坡的轨道交通长度目前已达到148公里。

Large capacity rapid rail transit subway or light rail,Is the road traffic administration shall be responsible for the development and management.In the early 1980 s,Singapore is open to build something line and the line two sets of landmark rail transit system.Singapore's rail transit length has reached 148 kilometers.

　　为了保证轨道交通在公共交通系统中的骨干地位，新加坡将继续投入巨资建设相关基础设施。从《人民公交》的报道中可以看出，2008年新加坡推出的交通总体规划中，很重要的一部分就是开建新的地铁线路并扩建现有线路。到2020年，地铁线路总长将增加一倍，达到278公里。地铁线网密度将增加为每百万人51公里。这将超越香港和东京，与纽约、伦敦等城市相媲美。关于交通建设，小刘补充到：“我曾经去过新加坡的一个公交公司实习，当然不是去开车，是去学财务做账，一段时间后我发现，一些公交车常年闲置在那里，是因为公司招不够人，但是公交司机的待遇并不低，后来知道这是政府根据民意调查多设置出来席位，因为在新加坡，一些人拥有大车驾驶执照但是不愿开车，这些空闲的位置就是为了这些有执照的人而准备的。”

In order to ensure that rail transit in the public traffic system of key position,Singapore will continue to invested hugely related infrastructure.from[People's bus]Reports can be seen in,In 2008 Singapore launch of the overall planning of traffic,An important part of open is building new metro lines and expansion of the existing line.By 2020,The subway line presidents will be doubled,Up to 278 kilometers.Subway lines network density will increase for every one million people 51 kilometers.This will surpass Hong Kong and Tokyo,And New York/London and other cities comparable.About traffic construction,Xiao liu added:"I have been to Singapore's a bus company practice,Of course not to drive,Is to learn the financial accounts,After period of time I found,Some bus perennial idle there,Because the company recruit enough people,But the public transportation driver treatment is not low,Then know this is the government according to opinion polls more seats set out,Because in Singapore,Some people have cart driver's license but don't want to drive,These free position is to the license and prepared."

交通规划方便出行 Traffic planning convenient travel

　　目前，主要开展的铁路项目有环线和市区线剩余路段，2007年开建的市区线将在2016年全面完工。该项目完成后，将极大提升周边地区前往中央商务区和滨海湾的出行效率。除了建设新线外，对现有地铁基础设施也在逐步改善。通过信号调整和增加发车次提升地铁承载能力，以满足人们日益增长的出行需求。据新加坡《联合早报》报道，新加坡正倾力打造一体化公共交通系统，把公交换乘、轨道交通和商业站点连接起来。2020年，地铁线路长度增加一倍后，出行环境将大为改善。日渐密集的快速公交网络也会方便更多的人，确保每400米或步行5分钟就能到达一个地铁站或快速公交站台。另外，还通过“强制为公交让路计划”，给予它们更多的道路、信号优先权，以提高公交车速，使运营更加通畅。

At present,The main development of railway project has loop and the city line residual sections,2007 open built the city line is in 2016 comprehensive completion.This after the completion of the project,Will greatly improve surrounding area to the central business district and offshore bay travel efficiency.In addition to the new construction,The existing subway infrastructure also gradually improve.Through the signal adjustment and increase the departure time ascending subway bearing capacity,To meet the increasing demand of travel.According to Singapore[United morning post]reports,Singapore is the integration of lean strength to make public transport system,The bus transfer/Rail transit and business site link.In 2020,,The length of the subway route after double,Travel environment will greatly improve.Increasingly crowded bus rapid transit network will also convenient more people,To ensure that every 400 meters or walk 5 minutes to reach a subway or bus rapid transit platform.In addition,Also through the"Compulsory for bus way plan",Give them more road/Signal priority,In order to improve the bus speed,Make operation more unobstructed.

　　2010年7月，新加坡开始采用“定距”票价体系，在规定的距离内随意换乘公交车或者轨道交通等，不再额外收费。这样一来，乘客便可以自主选择最佳线路出行。该体系对于提升公交运营效率意义非凡，也极大地方便了人民群众。

In July 2010,Singapore began to use"distance"Fare system,In the provision of range random transfer bus or rail transportation etc,No extra cost.so,Passengers can independently choose the best line travel.This system to improve the running efficiency of special significance,Also great place! People.

至前年地铁里程达170公里 To the year before last subway mileage of 170 kilometers

　　南洋理工大学土木工程学院王修山博士曾在其文章中提到新加坡地铁建设的历史情况。新加坡的地铁系统大量建造于上世纪80年代，是由东向西的主干线与南北环绕线组成，系统将新建设的城镇与市中心连成一个整体，每天运送客流量可达100万人次，成为新加坡最主要的陆路交通。

Nanyang technological university civil engineering college WangXiuShan doctor was in the article mentioned the construction of subway Singapore historical situation.Singapore's subway system a lot of built in the 1980 s,Is from the east to the west and north and south of the main line around the wire,The new system will be the construction of central towns and joined a whole,Every transfers of up to 1 million people,Be Singapore's most main road traffic.

　　近几年开始修建的轻轨系统，多处于偏远的新城，是与地铁系统相连接的高架轨道客运系统，王修山也表示：“轻轨是地铁系统廉价的延伸方式，有效地扩大了地铁系统的服务范围，较大优点是高效且无噪音污染。”在1996年，新加坡政府出台了交通白皮书，根据新加坡的国情确定了交通发展的四大支柱性政策：协调土地利用与交通系统、优先发展公共交通、强化道路基础设施建设、加强交通需求管理。

In recent years the light rail system began to build,Many in remote new town,Is connected with the subway system of the elevated rail transit system,WangXiuShan also said:"Light rail subway system is the extension of cheap way,Effectively expand the service scope of subway system,Bigger advantage is effective and no noise pollution."In 1996,Singapore government issued a white paper traffic,According to Singapore's national conditions to determine the traffic development of the four of its policy:Coordination of land use and transport system/Giving priority to the development of the public transportation/Strengthening the construction of road infrastructure/Reinforce the traffic demand management.

　　王修山说：“这个发展战略与政策具有重要的社会意义与推广价值，它进一步印证了综合解决城市交通问题，从土地利用、交通结构、道路科学网，供给需求，战略政策的规划建设等层面来着手解决问题。”

WangXiuShan said:"The development strategy and policy has important social meaning and value of popularization,It further confirm the comprehensive solving urban traffic problems,From the land use/Traffic structure/Road science network,Supply and demand for,Strategic policy planning construction level to set out to solve the problem."

电子警察遍布大街小巷 Electronic police around the streets

　　劳斯莱斯、法拉利、保时捷这样的豪车在新加坡很常见，但是这些车却不会在宽阔的马路上狂奔，因为新加坡对车辆的行驶速度控制非常严格，所有的商用车都会在车尾标注限速，这不仅提示了驾驶员还告知了周遭的路人。

Rolls-Royce/ferrari/Porsche such house car is very common in Singapore,But these cars but not in a wide road dog,For Singapore to vehicle speed control is very strict,All of the commercial vehicle in the rear of the car will mark the speed limit,This not only hint the driver also told the stranger around.

　　曾在新加坡旅游部门工作过一段时间的管小姐，对于新加坡的私车管理很是赞赏：“在新加坡，交通系统是很发达的，私车的售价跟国内差不多，豪车的价格也差不多，但是牌照费却很贵，差不多要六万新币，在租住区也能看到很多的私车，丰田车是最受欢迎的类型。停车费是自购单，停半小时即要放一张单在车窗前，如果夹得不够多就会被扣罚单，一个月的停车费大概一百来块。”

Worked in Singapore tourism department after a period of time GuanXiaoJie,For Singapore's private cars management is very appreciate:"In Singapore,The traffic system is developed,The price of private cars with domestic almost,Howe car price also almost,But the licence fee is very expensive,It's about sixty thousand Singapore dollars,In respect of the area can also see a lot of private cars,Toyota is the most popular type.Parking fee is the single purchase,Stop half an hour is to put a single in the front window,If clamp enough will be subtracted ticket,A month of parking fee about one hundred to block."

　　电子警察遍布大街小巷、十字路口和主要干线，若是被电子眼拍下违纪，那么被罚款是绝对的事。新加坡的城市主干道都有公共汽车专用道，公交车在高峰期及规定时段内有优先通行权，但十字路口的公交专用道允许其他车辆借过通行，目的是为了加强路口通行能力。新加坡的单行线随处可见，街道上几乎有一半都是单行线，即使是有五个车道的大路也不例外。在每个十字路口，红绿灯的排序都高低错位，这便考虑到了每一辆车、每一个行人都从不同角度来看指示灯。

Electronic police around the streets/Crossroads and main trunk,If be electronic eye take discipline,So be fined is absolute things.Singapore's main city have bus lanes,The bus in the rush hour and a prescribed period of time has priority right of way,But intersection buses only allow other vehicle borrowed a passage,The purpose is to strengthen the intersection capacity.Singapore's one way street can be seen everywhere,The streets almost half of them are one way street,Even if there are five lane highways is no exception.In each intersection,Traffic lights sorting is high and low dislocation,This was considered every car/Each a pedestrian from different point of view lamp.

出行凸显人性化管理 Travel to highlight the humanized management

　　当然细节上的人文关怀更是值得一提，在新加坡的一些公交车上，前后门都设有一块黄色挡板，这个板子在停车时可以拉出车外，形成一个可供上下的小坡，这就是专门为轮椅使用者提供的。

Of course details on the humanistic care is worth mentioning,Some of the bus in Singapore,QianHouMen has a piece of yellow damper,The board in the parking can pull out,Form a small slope for up and down,This is designed for wheelchair users.

　　管小姐为记者提供了一个例子：“我很多次去坐公交都见到这块小板，说个例子，排队上车的时候，一个推轮椅的年轻人本来排在最前面，但是他如果把这块板子放下来将轮椅推上公车后又收回，那么就会浪费后面排队人的很多时间，所以在他将轮椅推上公车后，会自动排到了队伍的最后，最后一个上车的他又把刚开始放下的板子收回来，节省了大家很多时间。”

GuanXiaoJie for reporter provides an example:"I so many times to sit bus all see the small plate,Said example,When you get on line,A push the wheelchair young man was in the front row,But if he put the board down will wheelchair on the bus and recovery,It will waste in the line of people a lot of time,So he will be pushed the wheelchair after the bus,Can automatic exhaust to the end of the team,The last bus and he made just began to put down the board back,Saves you a lot of time."

　　在新加坡，地铁、公交、都按颜色区分线路，地铁里不论什么提示，都用马莱文、中文、英文、印度文四种文字标识。而在地铁里不准许携带的物品都有明码标价罚款数额，折合人民币以后发现，在地铁里抽烟会被罚5000元，吃饭喝水罚2500元，携带易燃物品罚2.5万，榴莲也是不准携带的物品之一，但是没有处罚标价。（实习记者张星宇报道）

In Singapore,subway/bus/According to color divisional line,The subway no matter what tip,With marais reclaimed wen/Chinese/English/India wen four languages identification.And in the subway is not allowed to carry items had plain code marks a price fines,After converted into renminbi found,In the subway smoking will be fined 5000 yuan,Eat food nor drink water penalty 2500 yuan,Carry inflammable goods sent 25000,Durian is one of the things are not permitted,But did not punish price.(Internship reporter yu reported the picture)

新闻背景 News background

昆明试点： Kunming pilot:全国首批“公交都市” The first one of the"Bus urban"

　　全国城市公共交通工作会议近日公布了全国首批“公交都市”试点城市名单，昆明市被列为全国“公交都市”建设示范工程第一批15个城市之一。去年昆明在申报“公交都市”试点城市时已经制定了《昆明市创建国家“公交都市”四年行动计划》，目前该方案还在完善中。按照计划，昆明市将在“十二五”期间启动创建“公交都市”，而且预计各项指标还会略高于国家要求。

The national urban public transport work conference has released the first batch of national"Bus urban"Pilot city list,Kunming is listed as national"Bus urban"Construction demonstration project the first batch of 15 cities.Last year in the declaration of kunming"Bus urban"Pilot city have been made[Kunming create countries"Bus urban"Four years action plan],The plan is still in the perfect.According to the plan,Kunming will be in"1025"Start create during"Bus urban",And each index is expected to also may be slightly higher than national requirements.

　　据了解，昆明自1993年与瑞士苏黎世市签订国际交通规划合作协议以来，历届昆明市委、市政府始终坚持城市公共交通优先发展战略。2011年7月，昆明启动了“公交都市”试点城市申报工作，今年3月，向交通运输部及国家“公交都市”评审专家组汇报时，获得了交通运输部领导和评审专家组的一致好评。近日获得全国首批“公交都市”试点城市称号。

It is understood,Kunming since 1993 and Zurich, Switzerland, city sign international transportation planning since cooperation agreement,Successive kunming municipal party committee/The municipal government always adhere to the urban public transport priority development strategy.In July 2011,Kunming launched"Bus urban"Pilot city declaration work,In march this year,To the department of transportation and national"Bus urban"A report on the expert group,Get the traffic department of transportation leadership and evaluation expert group's consistent high praise.Recently the first win the national"Bus urban"Pilot city title.

　　昆明实现“公交都市”后，城市主城区70%的人口居住和就业将集聚在公交走廊两侧，公共交通出行分担率（出行总量含机动化出行和自行车出行、不含步行）提高到50%，万人拥有公交车辆达到15标台；都市区公共汽电车专用道里程达到200公里以上，公共汽电车平均运营速度达到20公里；城市建成区公交站点300米覆盖率达到90%以上，主城区500米上车、5分钟换乘；公共交通安全和节能环保水平明显改善，新能源城市公交车辆比例达到8%；公共汽车进场率达到80%以上。

Kunming realize"Bus urban"after,The city zone 70% of the population living and employment will gather in the bus on both sides of the corridor,Public transportation share rate(Total travel with mechanization travel and bike travel/Does not contain the walking)Increased from 50% to,Ten thousand people have bus vehicle hit 15 standard table;The metropolitan area public bus and trolley lanes mileage reached 200 kilometers above,Public bus and trolley average operation speed up to 20 kilometers;Xuzhou city bus station 300 meters rate is above 90%,In 500 meters get on the car/5 minutes transfer;Public transportation safety and energy conservation and environmental protection level obviously improved,New energy city bus vehicle ratio reached 8%;The bus approach rate above 80%.

　　昆明将在“交通供给、交通需求和交通引领”3个方面做文章，最终形成以轨道交通为骨干、城市公共汽车为主体、出租汽车为补充、慢行交通为延伸的“三位一体＋一慢”城市大公共交通服务网络体系，让市民愿意选择公共交通作为首选出行方式。

Kunming will be in"Traffic supply/Traffic demand and traffic lead"Make a fuss about three aspects,Finally formed on rail transportation as the backbone/City bus as the main body/Taxi for added/Slow traffic for extended"Trinity + a slow"Big city traffic service network system,Let people willing to choose public transport as the preferred way to travel.