“每逢小长假、黄金周，我总是先万分期待，然后又无限失望，因为假期去哪儿玩都是人山人海，根本玩不尽兴。”在北京某私企工作五年的小张告诉中国经济时报记者，这次“五一”假期，他吸取以往出去旅游人满为患的教训，在家宅了三天，但眼见外面大好春光却享受不成，他又觉得三天假期白白浪费了，心里特纠结。

"Every little long holiday/"Golden week",I always first,Then the infinite disappointment,Because the holiday where to play all is people mountain people sea,Don't play ball."Some private work for 5 years in Beijing, zhang told the China economic times reporter,This time,"The May Day"During the holiday,He learned his lesson ever go travel overcrowded,In the house for three days,But do not enjoy seeing good spring scenery outside,He feel wasted three days holiday,In the heart, entanglements.

　　由于在法定节假日期间，出行过度集中，致使交通堵、景区挤、各种休闲场所爆满，人们不但难以休闲反而会更加烦累。

Because during the holiday,Travel is excessive concentration,Due to traffic blocking/Scenic spots crowded/Full of all kinds of leisure places,People not only difficult to leisure will be more tired tired.

　　理应幸福的假期，正变得如同鸡肋。如何放假才能改变这种现状，让广大劳动者幸福地享受假期呢？众多专家均认为，带薪休假是一剂良方。实际上，早在1995年1月1日实施的《中华人民共和国劳动法》第45条就规定：“国家实行带薪年休假制度”。但在18年后的今天，带薪休假在我国的落实情况仍差强人意，大部分劳动者仍难享受到这一待遇，小长假、黄金周仍是大多劳动者唯一的休假机会。

Should be a happy holiday,Is becoming like a chicken ribs.How to have a holiday in order to change this,To the laborer a happy holiday?Many experts agree,Paid holidays are a welcome antidote.In fact,As early as January 1, 1995[Labor law of the People's Republic of China]Article 45 the provisions is:"State shall practise a system of annual vacation with pay".But after 18 years of today,Paid leave the implementation of security in our country is still poor,Most of the workers are still hard to enjoy this treatment,Small long holiday/Golden week is still the most workers only vacation opportunities.

带薪休假仍难全面落实 Paid vacation is still difficult to implement in an all-round way

　　近年来，每当小长假、黄金周过后，舆论总是习惯性对其弊端进行批评，并提出要落实带薪休假制度。而政府部门也在积极出台各种政策法规来促进带薪休假的落实，但效果并不理想。据日前中国青年报的一项调查显示，50.4%的人直言所在单位不实行带薪休假。

In recent years,Every time a small long holiday/After the golden week,Public opinion is always habitually to criticism of its disadvantages,And put forward to implement the system of paid vacation.And government departments are actively introduced various policies and regulations to promote the implementation of paid vacation,But the effect is not ideal.According to a survey, according to a China youth daily,50.4% of people say place unit not paid vacation.

　　针对带薪休假的具体落实情况，中国经济时报记者在“五一”假期期间采访多位就职于国家机构、事业单位、国企、外企以及私企的员工后发现：带薪休假制度在国企普遍落实良好；但在一些外企、私企以及机关事业单位则因工作性质不同，落实情况存在较大差异；而在中小型私营企业，落实情况则普遍较差。

According to the specific implementation of paid vacation,China economic times reporter in"The May Day"Interview a number of working for state institutions during the holiday/Business unit/State-owned enterprises/Found after foreign enterprises and private sector employees:Paid vacation system in state-owned enterprises to carry out the good;But in some foreign companies/Private sector and is due to the different nature of work in government institutions,The implementation is put in bigger difference;In the small and medium-sized private enterprises,Implementation is generally poor.

　　中国广东核电集团的某员工告诉本报记者，他所在单位的带薪休假制度很好，员工申请休年假只需和部门领导沟通，领导批准后，在单位内部网站走一个简单的流程即可，并且申请通常都能被批准。另外，因特殊原因未能休年假的员工，单位还会补发一些钱。

China guangdong nuclear power group, a staff told reporters,He place unit of paid vacation system is very good,Employees apply for Hugh annual leave only communicate and department leaders,After the leadership for approval,In the unit interior site walk can be a simple process,And usually can be approved.In addition,Due to special reasons failed to Hugh annual leave of employees,Unit will reissue some money.

　　而某市交警队的一位交警在接受中国经济时报记者采访时则表示，虽然单位有带薪休假政策，但领导并不鼓励他们休假。“由于工作量大、人手不够，单位往往用多发工资的方式鼓励我们放弃休假，有时多发的工资是休假时间段应得工资的三倍到四倍。”他说。

As a city JiaoJingDui traffic police in an interview with China economic times reporter said,Although units have paid vacation policy,But leadership don't encourage them to leave."Because of heavy workload/Manpower is not enough,Units tend to use the way of extra pay encourages us to give up vacation,Sometimes more paid vacation time deserve it three or four times."He said.

　　在调查中，本报记者还了解到，在一些规模较大的私营企业，平时年假落实情况良好；但到了年末，常因业务繁忙，申请休假通常不被批准。另外，对于某些特殊岗位的劳动者来说，年假更是遥不可及。在某私企担任操盘手的赵先生对中国经济时报记者感叹道：“我们几乎没有年假，这也怪不得公司，我们的假期必须跟着股市走，随机性很强。”

In the survey,Our reporter also learned,In some of the larger private enterprises,At ordinary times the annual leave to implement in good condition;But in the late,Often due to the busy business,Don't usually asking for leave is approved.In addition,For some special workers in jobs,Annual leave is far beyond reach.At a private traders of Mr Zhao to the China economic times reporter said:"We almost have no annual leave,This also no wonder that the company,Our holidays must follow market,Randomness is very strong."

　　而在中小型私营企业，带薪休假的落实情况普遍较差。本报记者在采访中发现，由于不愿增加用工成本，企业一般不主动提出让员工休年假；另一方面，员工由于害怕影响自身发展，也不敢向企业提出休假要求。

In the small and medium-sized private enterprises,On paid leave is generally poor.Our reporter in the interview findings,Due to the reluctance to increase labor costs,Companies are generally not offered to let Hugh annual leave of employees;On the other hand,Employees for fear of affect their own development,Also dare not to ask leave enterprise.

　　对于带薪休假难落实，国务院发展研究中心东方文化与城市发展研究所所长刘锋在接受中国经济时报记者采访时表示，带薪休假现在的执行力度确实不足，这跟我国所处的发展阶段有关系，有其客观必然性。

For paid vacation is hard to implement,Under the state council development research center of eastern culture and the urban development institute LiuFeng said in an interview with China economic times reporter,Paid vacation now enforcement is inadequate,This has something to do with our country's stage of development,Has its objective necessity.

　　此外，刘锋认为，对经济效益的追逐也是带薪休假难落实的重要原因。一方面，地方经济唯GDP至上的观念使得地方行政机关的各级工作人员无暇休假。“大家都是"五加二、白加黑"，哪里还能休息呢？到了节假日都还在加班，带薪休假更无从谈起。领导都不休，下面更不敢休。”另一方面，经济效益不高的偏远地区中小企业，为谋求利润，也不会鼓励员工带薪休假。

In addition,LiuFeng think,Pursuit of economic benefits is paid vacation is difficult to carry out the important reasons.On the one hand,The local economy is GDP supreme concept makes local administrative organs at all levels of staff too busy to leave."Everyone is"Five plus two/White and black",Where I can rest?The holidays are still in overtime,Paid vacation is more impossible.Leaders are endlessly,The following more dare not to take."On the other hand,Economic efficiency is not high in the remote areas of small and medium-sized enterprises,To seek profits,Don't encourage employees paid vacation.

　　与此同时，刘锋表示，当前，对不落实带薪休假的用人单位，处罚起来比较难，又不好重罚，于是形成了长期以来的“有法不依、执法不严、违法不究”的情况，更不利于落实带薪休假制度。

At the same time,LiuFeng said,The current,To unit of choose and employ persons does not implement the paid vacation,Punishment is harder,Heavy penalties and bad,So formed for a long time"impotence/Law enforcement is lax/WeiFaBuJiu"In the case,More conducive to implement the system of paid vacation.

带薪休假空档期，专家建议实施长周末制度 Paid vacation time period,Experts suggest that implementation of the system of long weekend

　　虽然我国《劳动法》早在1995年就对带薪休假制度作出规定，并且还于2008年1月1日起施行《职工带薪年休假条例》。但这些年来，带薪休假制度并未得到真正落实。新近颁布的《国民旅游休闲纲要》则提出，到2020年，职工带薪年休假制度才能基本得到落实。现在算起来，至少还需要7年时间。

Although our country[Labor law]As early as 1995 on the system of paid vacation,And also take effect on January 1, 2008[The worker regulations of annual vacation with pay].But over the years,Paid vacation system has not been really implemented.The newly enacted[The national tourism and leisure programs]The proposed,By 2020,Worker is basic system of annual vacation with pay can be implemented.Now up to,Also need at least 7 years.

　　那么，在带薪休假制度尚未全面落实的空档期，我国劳动者该如何更好、更幸福地享受他们的假日休闲权利呢？

then,In the system of paid vacation a gap year hasn't been fully implemented,Our workers how to better/More happily enjoy their holiday leisure, right?

　　本报记者在采访中发现，在带薪休假制度落实较差的企业，员工普遍希望能有更多集中的公众假期。据中国青年报的一项调查显示，55.8%的人表示，与其指望充满不确定因素的带薪休假，不如统一增加黄金周的休假时间。

Our reporter in the interview findings,In the system of paid vacation to carry out the poor business,Employees hope to have more focus on public holidays.According to a China youth daily survey,55.8% of people said,Rather than counting on paid leave full of uncertainties,As unified increase golden week vacation time.

　　对此，最早提出落实带薪休假、取消“五一”黄金周建议的全国人大代表、清华大学政治经济学研究中心主任蔡继明在接受中国经济时报记者采访时表示，落实带薪休假是一个势在必行的长期过程，但短期确实需要合理可行的放假安排。

For this,First suggested to implement paid vacation/To cancel"The May Day""Golden week" proposed the National People's Congress/Political economics research center, tsinghua university, director of Mr. CAI said in an interview with China economic times reporter,Implementation of paid vacation is an inevitable process for a long time,But short-term needs reasonable holiday arrangement.

　　蔡继明建议，在经过充分论证和广泛征求民意的基础上，取消小长假制度，即不再挪用或调休双休日，而参照美国和欧洲国家的经验实行长周末（LongWeekend）制度，即把双休日与前后（或期间）为期1天的法定节假日自然连接（或补休）成为期3天的长周末。

Mr. CAI suggested,After full argument and on the basis of widely soliciting public opinion,Cancel the small long holiday system,That is no longer appropriate or paid leave double cease day,And with reference to experience a long weekend in the United States and European countries(LongWeekend)system,Is the double cease day and before and after(Or during the)1 days of legal holidays natural connection(Or not busy)Become a period of 3 days long weekend.

　　长周末不同于小长假：前者是保持双休日不动，将其与法定节假日自然连休；后者是将双休日挪到法定节假日前后连休。

Differs from that of small long holiday long weekend:The former is to keep the double cease day still,With the legal holiday in the nature;The latter is the double cease day to a statutory public holiday in the country.

　　蔡继明表示，实施长周末制度，取消小长假制度，能够有效地防止双休日被挪动，从而避免连休7天—8天之后，又连续工作7天—8天的情况发生。

Mr. CAI said,Implementation of the system of long weekend,Cancel the small long holiday system,Can effectively prevent double cease day be move,To avoid in the 7 days to 8 days after,And continuous work 7 days, 8 days.

亟待建立带薪休假机制 To be paid vacation system is established

　　尽管改进现有公众假期安排，可在一定程度上改善劳动者休闲质量，但要从根本上保障劳动者的休闲权益，还需尽快全面落实带薪休假制度。

Although improving existing public holiday arrangement,Can to a certain extent, improve laborer quality leisure,But fundamentally guarantee the leisure rights and interests of workers,Still need to full implementation of paid vacation system as soon as possible.

　　蔡继明表示，要保障带薪休假在7年之内能够在我国全面落实，亟待建立带薪休假机制。他提出，一方面，可在全国范围内实行带薪休假旅游消费券制度，实现利益相关各方共赢；另一方面，赋予劳动者集体诉讼权利，通过工会系统和法律诉讼保障带薪休假权利的落实。

Mr. CAI said,To guarantee paid vacation within seven years can be fully implemented in our country,To be paid vacation system is established.He put forward,On the one hand,But nationwide shall practise a system of paid vacation travel vouchers,Realize win-win interests of related parties;On the other hand,Empower laborer class-action lawsuits,Through the trade union system and the legal guarantee of litigation right to paid leave.

　　对于带薪休假旅游消费券制度，蔡继明介绍说，可由财政部、国家旅游总局、全国总工会共同设立全国带薪休假福利基金，其资金来源于国家旅游税收收入的返还，以及重要旅游地区的新增旅游收入的提成以及旅游相关交通部门的捐献（如机票或车票优惠券）等渠道。带薪休假福利基金应包括两部分，一是旅游消费券基金，二是企业奖励基金。旅游消费券基金用于发给带薪休假的职工，企业奖励基金用于奖励执行带薪休假的企业。结构上应该以旅游消费券基金为主。由国家旅游局牵头，全国总工会以及会同重要旅游景点城市财政部门，参照我国劳动者就业人数以及相对应的应该休的带薪假期总天数，确定一个旅游消费券的总规模和地域结构。由工会的各级组织落实向各企事业单位发放带薪休假的旅游消费券，最终由企事业单位的工会发给休假职工，并且尊重员工的选择 （如休假期间不愿进行旅游，可自行转让旅游消费券）。企业可以制定较为灵活的发放办法，用于表现突出的职工。企业需对领取消费券的休假职工进行登记，报上一级工会组织。全国总工会及其地方机构可以根据企业执行带薪休假的情况，从企业奖励基金中提取资金，对企业进行奖励。

For paid vacation tourism consumption vouchers,Mr. CAI said,But by the ministry of finance/National tourism administration/The national federation of trade unions jointly established the national welfare funds paid leave,Return of its funds comes from national tourism revenue,As well as important tourist areas of new tourism income commissions as well as the relevant traffic department to donate(Such as air ticket or train ticket coupons)The channel such as.Paid leave welfare fund should include two parts,One is fund of tourism consumption coupons,2 it is enterprise reward fund.Travel vouchers funds sent to paid leave for employees,Enterprise funds for implementation of paid leave the enterprise.Should give priority to with travel vouchers fund structure.Led by the national tourism administration,The national federation of trade unions as well as the city department of finance jointly with the important tourist attractions,With reference to our country laborer employment and the corresponding should take the total number of days to paid holidays,Determine a travel vouchers of total scale and regional structure.By the trade union organizations at all levels to carry out the grant paid leave to all enterprises and institutions of tourism consumption coupons,Finally by the enterprises and institutions of the union to leave worker,And respect employees' choice (Such as reluctant to travel during the vacation,Can transfer of tourism consumption coupons).Enterprises can adopt more flexible way,Performed very well for the worker.Companies need to register to receive coupons vacation worker,In the level of trade union organizations.The national federation of trade unions and its local agencies can according to the enterprise implementation of paid vacation,Extracting money from companies reward fund,Reward for business.

　　对于赋予劳动者集体诉讼权利，蔡继明表示，集体诉讼的主要优点在于，除了首席原告外，其他受害者都不需要直接参加诉讼，甚至都无需知道有这样一个诉讼案的进行。一旦赔偿额确定，各个受害人都会按照比例得到赔偿额。并且，任何不愿参加集体诉讼的成员必须亲自申请退出，否则就算是自动参诉。这样打一个官司，就不需要很多人参与，律师只需要和首席原告交涉就可以了，这样就极大地降低了协调成本。此外，集体诉讼的优点还在于，胜诉才收费，或者叫“诉讼风险”制收费，部分诉讼费用先由首席原告支付，而其他分散的受害者都不需要支付任何费用，这就极大降低了劳动者打官司的成本。并且，由于集体诉讼的标的额足够高，采证较为容易，从而使得律师有积极性主动为劳动者打官司，这就为寻求律师的法律帮助提供了空间。

To empower laborer class-action lawsuits,Mr. CAI said,The main advantage is that the collective action,In addition to the chief of the plaintiff,The other victims don't need to participate in litigation directly,Even don't need to know there is such a case.Once the compensation is determined,The victim will be in accordance with the proportion to get compensation.and,Any member does not wish to participate in collective action must apply in person for exit,Otherwise even automatically v. refs.Such a lawsuit,Don't need a lot of people to participate in,Negotiating with lead plaintiff lawyers need only is ok,Thus greatly reduce the coordination cost.In addition,The benefits of collective action also is,Won only charged,Or call"The risk of litigation"System charges,Part of the litigation costs paid by the chief of the plaintiff,And other scattered victims don't need to pay any fees,It will greatly reduce the cost of laborer is a lawsuit.and,Due to the high enough quantities to collective action,Easier to collect evidence,So as to make the lawyer motivated actively engages in a lawsuit for labourers,It provides a space for the lawyer's legal help.

　　“因此，这种具有惩罚性质的事后的诉讼机制可以使企业主动为劳动者安排带薪休假，是一种较为可行的制度安排。”蔡继明说。

"so,Afterwards the punitive interest litigation mechanism can make the enterprise take the initiative to arrange paid leave for workers,Is a kind of more feasible institutional arrangement."Mr. CAI said.

　　此外，蔡继明还表示，要全面落实带薪休假，还需提高政府、企业、工会对带薪休假制度的正效应和积极意义的认识；增强劳动者维护自己休假权益的意识；政府机构和国有企业及事业单位特别是领导干部要带头执行带薪休假制度；要制定更加具体的实施细则，加大政府相关部门对政府本身及企事业单位落实带薪休假制度的监管力度和违规惩罚力度等。（记者 赵海娟）

In addition,Mr. CAI said,To the full implementation of paid vacation,Still need to improve government/enterprise/Union of paid vacation system is effect and the understanding of the positive significance;Enhance the consciousness of rights and interests of workers to maintain their vacation;Government agencies and state-owned enterprises and institutions, especially leading cadres to implement the system of paid vacation to take the lead;To develop more specific implementation details,Increase the government related department of government and enterprises and institutions to carry out the system of paid vacation supervision and punishment etc.(The reporter Zhao Haijuan)

　　作者：赵海娟

The author:Zhao Haijuan

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