自凤凰古城实行一票制收取“进城费”以来，公众对不断高涨的景区门票价格的关注度再度被拉高。

自凤凰古城实行一票制收取"Congestion charge"since,Public awareness of rising scenic spot ticket prices up again.

　　4月25日，中国首部旅游法经十二届全国人大常委会第二次会议审议通过，将于10月1日起实施。

4月25日,China's first proposals by the second session of the twelfth session of the standing committee of the National People's Congress examined and approved,Will come into effect on October 1.

　　针对景区门票价格过高的问题，旅游法作出了明确规定，强调景区门票价格不能说涨就涨。有舆论认为，随着旅游法的出台，景区门票过快上涨势头将得到遏制。

针对景区门票价格过高的问题,Tourism law has made specific provision,Emphasis on scenic spot ticket prices can't say it was.The public opinion thinks,As the tourism law,Scenic spot tickets rise rapidly momentum will be contained.

　　

过分依赖门票收入 Rely too much on ticket sales

　　“纵观目前的旅游景点，从过去6年调整的幅度看，张家界从158元调到248元；莫高窟从80元调到160元，黄山从130元调到230元。在过去的两轮调价周期中间，我国世界遗产类景区门票的价格整体调高了65.42%。”2012年，中国旅游研究院院长戴斌接受媒体采访时说。

"Throughout the current tourist attractions,Adjust the size of the watch from the past 6 years,Zhangjiajie from 158 yuan to 248 yuan;The mogao grottoes from 80 yuan to 160 yuan,Huangshan from 130 yuan to 230 yuan.In the past two rounds of adjustment cycle,World heritage sites in China class scenic spot ticket prices raised by 65.42% as a whole."In 2012,,The China tourism academy dean dai bin told media.

　　“中国的景区分为公共资源景区和商业性景区。利用公共资源建设的景区是政府指导价，因为它要体现公益性；商业景区则由市场自由调节。”北京大学旅游研究与规划中心主任吴必虎对《法制日报》记者介绍道。

"China's scenic area is divided into public resources and commercial area.Use of public resources construction of scenic spot is the government pricing,Because it must manifest the public welfare;Commercial area are free to adjust by the market."Beijing university of tourism will tiger wu, director of the center for research and planning[Legal daily]The reporter said.

　　吴必虎认为，国内各大景区过分依赖门票收入的现象既正常又不正常。说它正常，是因为中央政府对国有景区每年财政拨款很少。因此，地方政府不但不愿为资源保护和建设景区投资，反而期待从景区经济中获得财政收入，所以对门票经济有很强的依赖。

吴必虎认为,Rely too much on the domestic each big scenic spot tickets of phenomenon is normal and not normal income.Says it is normal,Because the central government of national scenic area little funding each year.so,Local governments are reluctant to invest for resources protection and construction of scenic spots not only,Instead of looking forward to get the revenue from scenic spots in the economy,So the tickets economy has a strong dependence.

　　说它不正常，是因为国内景区的旅游产业链不够长，没有形成住宿、餐饮、娱乐、零售等一条龙的产业链，导致了国有景区太依赖门票收入。其实如果产业链延长，收入会增加更多。杭州西湖系列景区全部免收门票但城市整体效益反而提升就是最好的例证。

说它不正常,Because domestic scenic area tourism industry chain is not long enough,No formation of accommodation/Food and beverage/entertainment/零售, etc.一条龙的产业链,Led to the state scenic areas depend too much on ticket sales.In fact if extend the industrial chain,Income will increase more.Series of hangzhou west lake scenic area of all free tickets but city overall efficiency ascension instead is a prime example.

　　浙江省杭州市旅游委员会的数据显示，2013年一季度，杭州市实现旅游总收入285.88亿元，同比增长17.3%，其中主要收费公园景点的门票收入只有2.93亿元。作为全国首个免费的5A级景区，杭州西湖的免费开放无疑是一个典型。

浙江省杭州市旅游委员会的According to data,In the first quarter of 2013,Hangzhou tourism revenue reached 28.588 billion yuan,Up 17.3% from a year earlier,The main park attractions tickets income is only 293 million yuan.As the nation's first free 5 a level scenic spot,Hangzhou west lake is a typical free open to the public.

　　对于国内景区门票价格的合理定价范围，有专家认为，国外许多景区的门票价格占人均月收入的比例一般不超过1%，而国内明显高于这一比例。

对于国内景区门票价格的合理定价范围,Some experts think that,Many scenic spot ticket prices abroad accounts for the proportion of per capita income is generally not more than 1%,And significantly higher than the proportion in China.

　　北京科技大学经济管理学院博士生导师刘澄认为，相比国际平均水准，中国的景区门票确实太高了。在中国，不仅人造的主题公园保持高收费，自然景观和历史遗迹，也被地方拿来作为摇钱树。

北京科技大学经济管理学院博士生导师刘澄认为,Compared with the international average,China's scenic spot tickets really is too high.In China,,Man-made theme park not only keep high fees,Natural landscape and historical sites,Also used by local as a cash cow.

　　刘澄表示，这就是著名的门票经济，这是最为广大游客所诟病的。

刘澄表示,This is the famous tickets economy,The tourists are the most reviled.

　

　门票经济根源何在 门票经济根源何在

　　2009年，国务院出台《关于加快发展旅游业的意见》，明确提出“把旅游业培育成国民经济的战略性支柱产业和人民群众更加满意的现代服务业”。

2009年,The state council issued[Opinions about accelerate the development of tourism],Clearly put forward"To develop tourism into a strategic pillar industry of national economy and people's modern service industry more satisfied".

　　也因此，许多地方政府以旅游业搭台唱戏来拉动本地经济。

也so,Many local governments to act in an opera in tourism plays to boost the local economy.

　　国家旅游局的一项统计数据显示：2011年，全国国内旅游人数26.41亿人次、国内旅游收入19305.39亿元人民币；国内旅游出游人均花费731.0元。

国家旅游局的一项统计According to data:In 2011,,The national domestic travel in 2.641 billion/Domestic tourism income is 1.930539 trillion yuan;Domestic tourism travel cost 731.0 yuan per capita.

　　如此庞大的旅游市场，谁都想从中分一杯羹。

如此庞大的旅游市场,Who wants to share.

　　吴必虎认为，所谓地方政府依赖门票经济，更直接地说是那些负责管理某种类型的景区的政府部门依赖门票经济，门票收入主要是由这些利益部门所支配。部门趋利，门票收入与部门利益密切相关，必然导致国有景区的门票价格不断上涨。

吴必虎认为,So-called local governments rely on tickets for the economy,More directly, who is responsible for the management of a certain type of scenic spot tickets for government departments rely on in the economy,Ticket sales are mainly dominated by the interests.Department who,Ticket revenue is closely related to the departmental benefit,Bound to lead to state scenic spot ticket prices.

　　“现有法律如文物保护法等大多注重保护较少关注如何利用，承担资源管理的部门作为事业单位列入财政预算，也不太关注如何改善管理、延长产业链、提升服务获得更多的经济支持。这些法律的不够完善，也使得中国的旅游产业收入主要依靠门票经济。”吴必虎说，如果文物法等相关法律对如何合理利用资源同时加以界定，就可以避免坐吃山空、手捧金饭碗要饭的现象。文物保护并非一定要求排他性保护，在不妨碍保护的前提下，可以允许多种用途的现代使用，提高国有资源的利用效率，扩大其服务社会的户外教育功能。

"现有法律如文物保护法, etc.大多注重保护较少关注如何利用,Taking resource management department as the institutions included in the budget,Don't too concerned about how to improve management/Extend the industrial chain/Improve service for more financial support.The laws of the imperfect,Also make China's tourism industry revenue economy relies mainly on the tickets."Wu will say tiger,如果文物法, etc.相关法律对如何合理利用资源同时加以界定,You can avoid dissipate/Iron rice bowl in hand begging phenomenon.Cultural relics protection does not have to claim the protection of the exclusive,Under the premise that does not get in the way of protection,Allows multiple USES of the modern use,Improve the utilization efficiency of state-owned resources,To expand its outdoor education serve the society function.

　　据了解，各地门票涨价的理由，无外乎是景区运营维护成本上升。

据了解,Ticket prices around the reason,Br is scenic spot operation and maintenance costs.

　　如此次凤凰县围城收费，凤凰县政府提出收取门票的理由便是，从门票中征提的税费要用于古城日常管理维护；古城文化修缮；包括沱江河水体治理、供水排污设施的完善；沱江风光带及古城夜景打造；探索古城特色民居保护管理补偿机制。并称，收费远不足投入所需。

如此次凤凰县围城收费,Collect tickets fenghuang county government is the reason,) from the ticket of taxes and fees to be used for the ancient city of daily management of maintenance;The ancient city of culture to repair;Including the tuojiang river water body management/The improvement of the water supply drainage facilities;Sight and the ancient city of tuojiang river at night;To explore characteristics of the ancient city of residence protection management compensation mechanism.And said,Charge is far less than input required.

　　对此，旅游法起草者之一、北京第二外国语学院法政学院副教授王天星认为，规范景区管理不是景区收费涨价的理由。如果想更好地提升景区的服务质量，景区应当主动加大软硬件投入，如进一步整修旅游景观、增设服务设施等。景区收费和景区规范管理之间，看不出存在什么逻辑关系。

对此,One of the drafters of proposals/Beijing second foreign languages institute, an associate professor at hosei college Wang Tianxing thought,Specification scenic area management is not charging. The reason that rise in price.If you want to better improve the quality of service of scenic spots,The scenic area should take the initiative to increase investment in hardware and software,As further renovation of landscape/增设服务设施, etc..The scenic spot between charges and the scenic area management,Can't see what there is logic relationship.

　　中国社会科学院旅游研究中心特约研究员王健民对《法制日报》记者表示，不只是凤凰古城，平遥、丽江等地都有这样的问题。地方政府考虑到自身利益，为了发展经济、发展当地旅游业，不断提高景区门票价格，因为门票经济是增加GDP的一项重要内容。

中国社会科学院旅游研究中心特约研究员王健民对[Legal daily]reporters,Not only the ancient city of phoenix,pingyao/丽江, etc.地都有这样的问题.Considering the interests of local government,In order to develop economy/Development of local tourism,Constantly improve the scenic spot ticket prices,因为门票经济是增加Gross domestic product的一项重要内容.

　　

景区应体现公益性 The scenic area should reflect the public welfare

　　王健民告诉记者，对于利用公共资源建设的景区应该体现其公益性，即逐步取消门票，因为公共资源是全体公民所有。这也是多数专家持有的观点。

王健民告诉记者,For the use of public resources construction of scenic spot should reflect its public welfare,The tickets have been phased out,Because of public resources is all all the citizens.It is also most experts point of view.

　　王健民认为，在我国，由于对旅游的认识理念有偏差，认为旅游就是赚钱，理念不清导致了景区只顾收门票，而忽略了游客的权利，即旅游权。

王健民认为,In our country,Due to the understanding of tourism concept have deviation,Think that travel is making money,Concept is not clear led to the scenic spot admission,While ignoring the rights of tourists,The tourism right.

　　为了控制景区门票的上涨势头，2007年，国家发改委出台规定，景区门票涨价间隔不得少于3年。但结果却是，3年大限一到，各地纷纷上涨门票价格，景区门票3年不涨变为3年必涨。

为了控制景区门票的上涨势头,In 2007,,The national development and reform commission issued rules,Scenic spot ticket price interval shall not be less than 3 years.But the result is,A to the end of 3 years,Admission prices are rising,Scenic spot tickets are not up to 3 years 3 years will go up.

　　刘澄认为，单一的门票收入，促使旅游景区只能把收入增长寄托在不断提价的门票身上。不断上涨的门票令游客望而却步，即使游览，也是来去匆匆，无非是在景区拍几张照片而已，停留时间非常短暂。而景区收取的其他收入，像住宿、餐饮的收入就相对很少了，更加依赖于门票了。由此，门票经济使中国旅游形成了恶性循环。

刘澄认为,A single ticket sales,Keeps scenic spots can only put the income growth on price tickets.Rising ticket makes the tourists away,Even if the visit,Is in a hurry,Is in the scenic area take a few photos,Residence time is very short.And scenic area for other income,As accommodation/The income of the restaurant is relatively few,More depends on the ticket.thus,Tickets economy to make China's tourism has formed the vicious circle.

　　

如何破题门票经济 How to presentation tickets economy amplification

　　即将实施的旅游法规定：门票及其他另行收费项目实行政府定价或者政府指导价，严格控制价格上涨；拟收费或者提高价格的，应当举行听证会；景区提高门票价格应当提前六个月向社会公布。

即将实施的旅游法规定:Tickets and other fees separately on the government pricing or government guidance prices,Strictly control the prices;To charge or raise prices,Should hold a hearing;The scenic area increased ticket prices should publish to the society for six months in advance.

　　旅游法能否打破门票经济的怪圈，是各界关心的问题。

旅游法能否打破门票经济的怪圈,Is the concern from all walks of life.

　　“希望旅游法的出台能规制景区门票随意涨价的问题，既然有了法律，消费者在今后的维权过程中，就有了一个可以利用的武器。还国有景区的使用权于公众，这是我们必须迈过的一道门槛。”吴必虎说。

"Hope proposals introduced can regulate scenic spot ticket prices at will,With the law,Consumer rights protection in the process in the future,There is a can use the weapon.Also state-owned scenic area of access to the public,This is we must move beyond a threshold."Wu will say tiger.

　　采访中多数专家均认为，旅游法为景区门票乱涨价作出了明确规定，让公众对如何破解门票经济看到了希望。但事关门票涨价的听证会，专家们期待不要走过场，不要让听证会变成涨价的论证会和说明会。

采访中多数专家均认为,Proposals for scenic spot ticket prices made specific provision,The public on how to decipher the tickets economy offers grounds for hope.But is a matter of the tickets rise in price hearing,Experts expect not to go through the motions,Don't let the noise of hearing into a price discussion meeting and presentation.

　　吴必虎建议，应通过法律、条例等将公共资源的景区门票价格与国民月人均收入的比例挂钩，严格规定门票不能超过月人均收入的某个百分比，这样也可打破门票经济的怪圈。(记者廉颖婷)

吴必虎建议,Shall be determined by the law/条例, etc.将公共资源的景区门票价格与国民月人均收入的比例挂钩,Strict rules on tickets cannot be more than a percentage of the per capita income,It also can break the tickets economy circle.(The reporter LianYingTing)

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