深度解读 Depth interpretation

　　国际上通行的三种监管模式 International practice three supervision mode

　　世界卫生组织和联合国粮农组织曾联合发布《保障食品的安全和质量：强化国家食品控制体系指南》，总结了目前不同国家三种主要的监管模式：一是单一机构监管模式；二是多部门监管模式；三是综合监管模式，由独立的机构进行综合管理，并由多个部门分别监管执法。我国目前的监管体制，比较接近于第三种模式。

The world health organization and the United Nations food and agriculture organization have jointly issued《Guarantee food safety and quality：Strengthening national food control system guide》，Summed up the present different countries three main regulatory model：One is a single agency regulatory model；2 it is more department supervising mode；Three is comprehensive supervision mode，By independent institutions for the comprehensive management，And by many departments regulatory enforcement respectively。Our country at present the regulatory system，More close to the third kind of mode。

　　权威声音 Authoritative voice

　　解决食品安全需抓源头 To solve the food safety catch source

　　韩长赋(农业部部长)：解决食品安全，包括农产品的质量安全问题，最重要的有两条：第一，加大农产品质量安全监管力度，完善相关法律法规，健全监管体系，严厉打击，绝不宽容；第二，推进农业标准化生产，只有使农产品生产过程可控、流通过程可追溯，才能从根本上提高农产品的安全水平。

HanChangFu(Department of agriculture minister)：Solve the food safety，Including the quality and safety of agricultural products，There are two of the most important：The first，Increasing the quality and safety of agricultural products supervision，Perfect the relevant laws and regulations，Sound supervision system，Crackdown on，Never tolerant；The second，We will promote standardization of agricultural production，Only make agricultural production process is controllable、Circulation process traceable，Radically improve the safety level of agricultural products。

　　-2012年，国家食品药品监督管理局将对餐饮服务单位的食品安全情况进行量化评级，其中动态等级分为优秀、良好、一般三个等级，分别通过大笑、微笑和平脸三种卡通形象向消费者公示，未张贴食品安全等级公示牌的餐饮单位将被曝光。

-2012，The state food and drug administration for catering service unit to food safety situation of quantitative rating，Among them are rated excellent dynamic、good、Generally 3 grade，Respectively through the laugh、Smiling face three peace cartoon image publicity to consumers，Not food safety level GongShiPai posted the catering units will be exposed。

　　-2011年10月，国家食品安全风险评估中心成立，承担国家食品安全风险评估、监测、预警、交流和食品安全标准等技术支持工作。目前，已构建以31个省级和312个县级监测点为基础的全国食品安全风险监测网络。

-October 2011，The national food safety risk assessment center was established，Take the national food safety risk assessment、monitoring、warning、Communication and food safety standards and other technical support work。At present，Already construct with 31 provincial level and 312 points at the county level on the basis of the national food safety risk monitoring network。

　　企业第一责任怎样落实 Enterprise first responsibility how to implement

　　谁生产谁负责，谁经营谁负责，乃天经地义。企业是食品的生产经营主体，也是食品安全的责任主体。《食品安全法》明确规定，提供安全放心的食品是企业的第一责任。

Who produce who is in charge，Who is responsible for business who，Is perfectly justified。Enterprise is food production operators，Food safety is the main responsibility。《Food safety》Specific provision，Provide safe food is enterprise's first responsibility。

　　食品安全，既是消费者的“生命线”，也应成为食品企业的“生命线”。当出现问题食品时，企业不仅会被政府部门依法处理，也会受到市场惩罚。“三聚氰胺”致三鹿破产、“瘦肉精”让双汇元气大伤、黄曲霉毒素使蒙牛股价大跌，都表明保障安全对于企业是何等重要。

Food safety，Is both consumers“lifeline”，Should become the food enterprise“lifeline”。When a problem when food，Enterprise will not only be the government departments to deal with，Also will be affected by the market punishment。“melamine”To SanLu bankruptcy、“Lean lean fine”Let shuanghui weakened、Yellow aspergillus toxin that Mongolian cow stocks tumbled，That guarantee the safety for enterprise is so important。

　　因而，每个食品企业都应当好第一责任人。必须树立以质取胜、安全第一的理念，坚持诚信为本，自觉守法经营。同时规范生产经营活动，建立健全内部管理制度，如生产经营过程记录制度、出厂强制检验、索证索票制度、从业人员培训和健康管理制度、不合格食品召回和下架退市制度等，规模以上企业还要设置食品安全管理机构。企业负责人和主要从业人员都应接受每年不少于40小时的集中培训。

so，Every food enterprise should be a good first responsibility。Must set up quality win、The concept of safety first，Insist on the good faith for this，Consciously lawful business operation。Simultaneously standard production and operation activities，Establish and perfect internal management system，Such as production and operation process record system、Compulsory inspection factory、SuoZheng cable ticket system、From personnel training and health management system、Unqualified food recall and issue a retreat city system, etc，Over the scale enterprise to set up food safety management institutions。Major responsible person of the enterprise and employees should accept no less than 40 hours a year concentration training。

　　当然，企业作为市场主体，追求利润最大化、成本最小化的天性，决定了仅靠自律难以制止一些不良企业的违法行为。当前食品安全领域最突出的问题，就是不法分子不讲诚信，故意制售有毒有害食品。因而，落实企业第一责任，既靠自律，更靠他律，使食品企业“不敢犯法、不能犯法、犯不起法”。

Of course，Enterprise as the market main body，Maximize profit、The nature of the minimal cost，The decision to stop the self-discipline only on some bad enterprise's illegal behavior。The current food safety field most outstanding problem，Is not good faith criminals，Deliberately and poisonous and harmful food。so，Implement enterprise's first responsibility，Both by self-discipline，More by heteronomy，Make food enterprise“Dare not illegal、Can't illegal、Can't afford to make law”。

　　严格市场准入。目前国家已制定食品生产、销售、餐饮服务三类许可审查制度，近两年清理整顿了一大批企业。以乳制品为例，2011年全国1176家企业中约4成被淘汰，生鲜乳收购站减少34%。今后应继续严格行政许可，严把市场准入关，防止不具备食品安全保障条件的企业进入。同时适度提高门槛，强化证后监管，稳步提升食品企业素质，从源头上减少食品安全隐患。

Strict market access。At present the country has made food production、sales、Food service three kinds of licensing examination system，In the past two years and rectify a large number of enterprise。To dairy products, for example，2011 years of companies across the country about 4 to be eliminated，Fresh milk an article to procure station reduced by 34%。We should continue to strict administrative licensing，Strict control market access，Prevent do not have food security conditions in the enterprise。At the same time moderately increasing threshold，Strengthen supervision after card，Steadily improved food quality of enterprise，From the source to reduce food safety problems。

　　建立追溯制度。为食品配备“身份证”，记录“前世今生”，是实现全程监管的基础性工作。从2010年开始，商务部试点肉菜流通追溯体系建设，初步建立中央和城市两级追溯管理平台。应进一步完善食品追溯体系，既延长追溯环节，从流通延伸到生产、加工环节；又拓宽追溯领域，从肉菜延伸到食品主要品种，做到源头可追溯、流向可跟踪、责任可追究。

Tracing system established。For food equipped with“Id card”，record“Past this life”，Is the basic work of supervision realization。From 2010 to，The ministry of commerce pilot meat dishes circulation trace system construction，Initially established a central and city level two trace management platform。We should perfect food tracing system，Both extend back link，From circulation extended to production、Processing link；And broaden back field，From meat dishes extended to food main varieties，Do source traceable、Flow can be tracking、Liability can be investigated for。

　　完善信用体系。“业无信不兴。”目前工信部已出台食品工业企业诚信评价体系，开通诚信信息公共服务平台，其中婴幼儿乳粉企业100%建立诚信管理体系。下一步将全面建立各类食品生产经营单位的信用档案，建立诚信信息共享机制和失信行为联合惩戒机制，完善激励约束政策，使失信者“一处失信、寸步难行”。

Perfect credit system。“Industry without a letter。”At present the work letter has already issued the food industry enterprise credit evaluation system，Opening credit information public service platform，One infant powder enterprise 100% establish credit management system。The next step will set up overall all kinds of food production and business operation entities credit files，Establish credit information sharing mechanism and discreditable behavior joint punishment mechanism，Perfect incentive and restraint policy，Make paper“One place faithless、stuck”。

　　加大惩处力度。“禁奸止过，莫若重刑。”只有严字当头、重典治乱，才能真正起到警示和震慑作用。2011年通过的《刑法修正案(八)》，将食品安全犯罪处罚从“五年以下有期徒刑”，提高到可判处“死刑”，并且取消了罚金数额的限制，为加大惩处力度提供了一把利剑。今后必须按照从严从快原则，严厉查处食品安全违法违规案件，让不法分子付出高昂代价，使其不敢以身试法。

Increase punishment。“Ban crafty ceased，MoRe looters。”Only strict character overhead、Heavy revolution Canon，Is really good for warning and deterrent effect。The 2011《Criminal law amendment(eight)》，Will the food safety crime from punishment“Five years imprisonment”，Can be sentenced to up to“The death penalty”，Canceled the amount of the fine restrictions，To increase punishment provided a sword。According to the principle of strict in the future must fast action，Severe investigate food safety violations of the case，Let the outlaws pay a high price，Make it can't fall foul。

　　专家点评 Experts comment on

　　安全的食品是生产出来的 Safe food is made

　　陈君石(国家食品安全风险评估专家委员会主任委员、中国工程院院士)：安全的食品是生产出来的，不是靠监管出来的，更不是检测出来的，食品生产经营者是第一责任人。理想的状态是过程管理，而不是终端产品的抽样检测，因为最后查到有问题已经晚了。

ChenJunShi(The national food safety risk assessment experts committee the chairman of the committee、Academician of Chinese academy of engineering)：Safe food is made，Not by supervision to come out，More is not detected，Food production operator is the first person。The ideal state is the process management，Not the end product sampling inspection，Because the last check to have problems are already late。

　　社会公众如何积极参与 The social public how to actively participate in

　　俗话说：“众人拾柴火焰高。”保障食品安全，是政府的责任、企业的责任，同时也需要社会公众积极参与。2011年食品安全案件的查处，90%的线索来自群众举报或消费者投诉。

As the saying goes：“Many hands make light work。”Guarantee food security，Is the obligation of government、The responsibility of the enterprise，At the same time also need the social public participation。2011 years of food safety case investigation，90% of the clues from the masses or consumer complaints。

　　人人需要安全食品，人人维护食品安全。为此，《食品安全法》专门对相关的社会各方作出了鼓励性或义务性规定。具体来说，就是普通群众、新闻媒体、行业协会等共同参与，发挥各自优势和作用，形成维护食品安全的合力。

Everyone needs food safety，Everyone maintenance food security。For this，《Food safety》Special to related social parties made encouraging or voluntary regulation。Specific for，Is the general public、News media、Industry associations, and other common participation，Play to their respective advantages and role，Form of food safety, maintenance resultant force。

　　广大群众积极举报。2011年7月，国务院食品安全办出台《关于建立食品安全有奖举报制度的指导意见》，各地也相继出台具体实施办法，设立专项奖励资金，上海、湖北、江西等地还开通统一举报电话。有关部门正在继续完善鼓励措施，包括健全首接负责制、提高举报线索核查效率、发展群众信息员和志愿者队伍等。我们每个人都应积极行动起来，投身到这场“保胃战”中，压缩不法分子的生存空间。

The masses of positive reports。July 2011，The state council food safety do come《On the establishment of a food safety reporting system prize guidance》，Also have issued around specific measures for implementation，Set up a special financial incentives，Shanghai、hubei、Jiangxi also opened unified report calls。The authorities are now continue to improve the encourage measures，First take responsibility system includes a perfect、Improve the efficiency of the verification report clues、The development team, volunteers and feedback。Each of us should actively to action，Join in the“The stomach war”in，Compression outlaws living space。

　　新闻媒体加强监督。媒体已成为披露食品安全违法现象的重要渠道。2011年共披露560余条消息，特别是“瘦肉精”的曝光直接引发了一年多的专项整治。新闻媒体应进一步加强舆论监督，敢于揭露食品安全违法活动。同时，食品安全问题“燃点低”，容易引发公众恐慌，舆论监督应坚持客观、公正，避免失实报道引起负面影响。

The news media supervision。The media has become the disclosure of the phenomenon of food safety illegal important channel。2011 a total of more than 560 news disclosed，especially“Lean lean fine”A direct result of exposure to more than a year of special regulation。The news media should further strengthen the supervision of public opinion，Dare to reveal food safety illegal activities。At the same time，Food safety problems“Flash point low”，Easy to cause the public panic，The supervision of public opinion should adhere to the objective、justice，Avoid inaccurate reports cause negative influence。

　　行业协会主动引导。行业协会是入会企业的“婆家”，是政府和企业之间的桥梁。西方发达国家都十分注意发挥行业协会的作用，很多国家食品安全标准都是从行业标准而来的，法国零售行业协会在整个食品安全管理过程中扮演着非常重要的角色。实践证明，行业协会良好的自律机制可有效减轻政府的监管压力，有利于食品安全管理工作的开展。我国各类食品行业协会也应发挥贴近企业的优势，加强行业内部约束，引导企业加强自律、遵守法律，杜绝“行业潜规则”，清除行业中的“害群之马”，促进行业持续健康发展。

Industry association active guide。Industry association is the enterprise“Husband's family”，Is the bridge between the government and the enterprises。The western developed countries have paid much attention to play the role of the trade association，A lot of the national food safety standards from the industry standard，The French retail trade association in the food safety management process plays an extremely important role。Practice proves，Industry association good self-discipline mechanism can effectively reduce the government's regulatory pressure，For food safety management work development。China's various types of food industry association also should play the advantage of press close to enterprise，Strengthen the industry's internal control，Guide enterprises to strengthen self-discipline、Abide by the law，Put an end to“Industry unspoken rules”，Clear in the industry“black sheep”，Promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the industry。

　　改革开放以来，我们用30多年时间解决了人民吃得饱的问题，我们也一定能够解决人民吃得好、吃得安全的问题。随着各项法律政策的完善和监管力度的加强，从田间到餐桌，从牧场到厨房，食品“进口”安全之路会越走越顺畅。

Since the reform and opening，We use 30 years to solve the people eat satisfied，We must also can solve people eat well、Eat too safe problem。As the legal policy to improve and strengthen the supervision，From the field to the table，From a ranch in the kitchen，food“import”The road safety will be more walk more smoothly。

　　政策传真 Policy fax

　　有奖举报范围 Report range prize

　　1.在农产品种植、养殖、加工、收购、运输过程中使用违禁药物或其他可能危害人体健康的物质的。

1. In the agricultural planting、breeding、processing、acquisition、The transport process using drugs or other may endanger human body health material。

　　2.使用非食用物质和原料生产食品，违法制售、使用食品非法添加物，或者使用回收食品作为原料生产食品的。

2. Use the edible material and raw material to produce food，Illegal and、Illegal use of food additives，Or recycled food as raw materials to produce food。

　　3.收购、加工、销售病死、毒死或者死因不明的禽、畜、兽、水产动物肉类及其制品，或者向畜禽及畜禽产品注水或注入其他物质的。

3. Acquisitions、processing、Sales ill、Poison or unknown cause of fowl、livestock、beast、Aquatic animal meat and its products，Or to livestock and poultry and livestock and poultry products or other material into the water。

　　4.加工销售未经检疫或检疫不合格肉类，或未经检验或者检验不合格肉类制品的。

4. Processing and sales without quarantine or quarantine unqualified meat，Or without inspection or inspection unqualified meat products。

　　5.生产、经营变质、过期、混有异物、掺假掺杂伪劣食品的。

5. Production、Business metamorphic、expired、Mixed with foreign body、Doping and low-quality food quality。

　　6.仿冒他人注册商标生产经营食品、伪造食品产地或者冒用他人厂名、厂址，伪造或者冒用食品生产许可标志或者其他产品标志生产经营食品的。

6. Fake the registered trademark of food production and operation、Forge or falsely use another producer name food production area、site，Forge or falsely use another producer food production license marks or other products production and business operation of food in the sign。

　　7.未按食品安全标准规定超范围、超剂量使用食品添加剂的。

7. Not according to food safety standards beyond、The dose of the use of food additives。

　　——摘自《关于建立食品安全有奖举报制度的指导意见》

-from《On the establishment of a food safety reporting system prize guidance》