新华网北京2月19日专电

Xinhuanet Beijing on February 19 special telegram题：灰霾之“慌”－－七问“大气灰霾溯源”项目组报告执笔人王跃思 problem:Gray haze of"panic"- seven asked"Atmospheric gray haze traceability"The project team report penner WangYueSi

　　新华社“中国网事”记者赵仁伟、倪元锦

The xinhua news agency"China net matter"Reporter ZhaoRenWei/NiYuanJin

　　近日，一则“京津冀灰霾检出大量危险有机化合物”的报道引发网民广泛关注，而报道来自中科院“大气灰霾追因与控制”专项组之“大气灰霾溯源”项目组相关科研成果。项目组报告执笔人、中科院大气物理研究所研究员王跃思19日接受中国网事记者独家专访，解答网民对灰霾天气的七大疑问。

recently,a"Beijing-tianjin-hebei gray haze detection a lot of dangerous organic compounds"Report users caused wide attention,And reports from the Chinese academy of sciences"Atmospheric gray haze chase for and control"Special group of"Atmospheric gray haze traceability"The project team related scientific research.The project team report penner/Chinese academy of sciences researcher at the institute of atmospheric physics WangYueSi 19 to accept Chinese net matter reporter exclusive interview,Answer to ash haze weather users of the seven big question.

疑问一：1月份为何突然出现如此严重的持续灰霾污染天气？ Doubt a:Why suddenly appeared in January so serious continuous gray haze pollution weather?

　　王跃思：今年1月，罕见的连续高强度大气灰霾污染席卷我国，涉及中东部、东北及西南共计10省区市，其中污染最严重是京津冀区域。

WangYueSi:In January,Rare continuous high strength atmospheric gray haze pollution across China,East-central involved/The northeast and southwest of these ten,Which is the most serious pollution of beijing-tianjin-hebei region.

　　究其原因，首先是天气过程少见。受大气环流影响我国中东部偏北地区大气异常稳定，冷空气过程少且弱，湿度大但无降水，造成污染物极易积累叠加。这种天气过程非常少见，30年才发生5次。但内因还是人类污染排放量大，在特殊天气过程下就明显暴露出来，造成PM2.5爆发式增长。

Investigate its reason,The first is a rare weather process.In our country by the atmospheric circulation influence east-central north area atmospheric anomaly stability,The process of cold air less and weak,High humidity but no precipitation,Easily caused by pollutants accumulation stack.This kind of weather process is very rare,30 years occurred five times.But internal or human pollution emissions big,In the special weather process was obviously exposed,Cause PM2.5 explosive growth.

疑问二：中科院大气物理研究所的此次科研背景如何？ Question 2:Chinese academy of sciences institute of atmospheric physics of the scientific research background?

　　王跃思：据中国科学院大气物理研究所监测数据统计，今年1月京津冀共计发生5次强霾污染过程，整个1月份北京只有4天晴好天气。中科院大气物理所“大气灰霾溯源”外场观测项目组对1月份强霾污染过程进行了全程追踪观测分析，并对最严重的第二次强霾污染过程(1月9日至15日)进行了成因分析研究。

WangYueSi:According to the Chinese academy of sciences institute of atmospheric physics monitoring data statistics,In January of beijing-tianjin-hebei happened five strong haze pollution process,The whole of Beijing in January only four days sunny weather.Chinese academy of sciences WuLiSuo atmosphere"Atmospheric gray haze traceability"Field observation team in January to strong haze pollution process on complete tracking observation analysis,And for the most serious second strong haze pollution process(On January 9 to 15 days)The cause analysis research.

疑问三：根据对第二次强灰霾过程的成因分析，灰霾污染到底有多严重？ Question three:According to the second strong gray haze process cause analysis,Gray haze pollution how serious?

　　王跃思：1月10日至14日，京津冀区域出现本世纪以来最严重的持续空气污染事件。北京地区连续5天空气质量指数级别为1天重度污染和4天严重污染，首要污染物为可入肺颗粒物PM2.5。在此期间，PM2.5超过2016年国家即将实行的一级标准(35微克／立方米)10倍以上。

WangYueSi:On January 10 to 14 days,The beijing-tianjin-hebei region appears as the worst since the continuous air pollution event.In Beijing for five days air quality index level 1 day severe pollution and four days serious pollution,Primary pollutants for into the lung particles PM2.5.During this period,PM2.5 more than 2016 national primary standards that will soon be put into practice(35 micrograms per cubic meter)Ten times more than.

疑问四：第二次强灰霾到底有何成因？ Question four:The second strong gray haze exactly what causes?

　　王跃思：首先是天气过程和局地气象条件极不利于污染物扩散；其次，西北沙尘气溶胶叠加是另一重要原因，京津冀地区以石家庄、邯郸最为严重；其三是北京周边地区的传输；其四是局地排放，各种污染物同步升高、协同作用，导致污染物浓度非线性急剧增长。由于污染排放扩散受阻，北京城区典型的机动车排放源一氧化氮(NO)1月12日夜间一度高达310微克／立方米，是平时的8倍。

WangYueSi:The first is the weather process and local weather conditions to be a great disadvantage for pollutant diffusion;secondly,Northwest dust aerosol stack is another important reason,Beijing-tianjin-hebei region in shijiazhuang/Handan the most serious;A third is Beijing surrounding areas transmission;Its 4 it is local discharge,Various pollutants synchronous rise/synergy,Cause pollutant concentration nonlinear growth spurt.Because of pollution discharge diffusion hindered,The Beijing city typical vehicle emission source nitric oxide(no)January 12, once the night is as high as 310 micrograms per cubic meter,Is at ordinary times eight times.

疑问五：如何看待“京津冀灰霾检出大量危险有机化合物”？ Question five:How to treat"Beijing-tianjin-hebei gray haze detection a lot of dangerous organic compounds"?

　　王跃思：根据我们的检测，北京城市大量的机动车排放是造成氮氧化物大气浓度上升的原因，其危害不只是生产了无机硝酸盐，与以往不同的是生成了大量的含氮有机颗粒物。

WangYueSi:According to our test,Beijing city a large number of vehicle emissions are caused by nitrogen oxides atmospheric concentration rising reasons,The damage is not only the production of inorganic nitrates,Different is to generate a large amount of nitrogen organic particles.

　　利用颗粒物化学成分解析技术，有机物被识别出了4类有机组分：(1)氧化型有机颗粒物(OOA)，主要来自于北京周边输送；(2)油烟型有机物(COA)，主要来自局地餐饮油烟排放；(3)氮富集有机物(NOA)，(光)化学产物；(4)烃类有机颗粒物(HOA)，主要来自于汽车尾气和燃煤。

Using particle chemical composition analysis technology,Organic compounds were identified four kind of organic component:(1)Oxidation type organic particles(OOA),Mainly comes from the surrounding Beijing delivery;(2)Lampblack type organic matter(COA),Mainly from local catering lampblack emissions;(3)Nitrogen organic matter enrichment(noA),(light)Chemical product;(4)Hydrocarbon organic particles(HOA),Mainly comes from the car tail gas and coal.

　　我们认为，本次污染过程最危险的信号是大量含氮有机颗粒物的检出，它们是美国南加州上世纪光化学烟雾的主要成分之一，是大量二氧化硫、氮氧化物和挥发性有机物或颗粒物中有机组分相互反应，共同产生的有机含氮细颗粒污染物。

We think,The pollution process of the most dangerous signal is a large number of nitrogenous organic particle detection,They are the last century southern California is one of the major components of photochemical smog,Is a large number of so2/Nox and volatile organic compounds or particulate organic components in mutual reaction,Common produce organic nitrogen fine particle pollutants.

疑问六：灰霾天气在部分人群中产生恐慌，如何正确认识灰霾天气的危害？ Doubt six:Gray haze weather in some people panic,How to correctly understand the harm of dust haze weather?

　　王跃思：今冬灰霾天气之多历史少见，很多市民防护意识差，造成呼吸道病人成倍增加。空气污染在短期难以治理的情况下，科学认识、积极正确的防护尤为重要。　　最好的防护办法是严重灰霾天气不要外出，也不要开窗换气，尤其是敏感人群，包括老人、儿童、感冒患者、哮喘病患者、灰尘过敏者等。

WangYueSi:Winter grey haze weather history of rare,A lot of citizens protection consciousness difference,Cause respiratory patients fold increase.Air pollution in the short term is difficult to control the situation,Scientific understanding/Positive right protection is particularly important.The best protection method is serious gray haze weather don't go out,Don't open the window ventilation,Especially sensitive crowd,Including the old/children/Cold patients/Asthma patients/Dust allergy, etc.

　　二是暂停一切户外锻炼，因为运动量加大会吸入更多的污染空气，会对呼吸道造成更大伤害

The second is suspended all outdoor exercise,Because of increasing breathe more polluted air,Will cause more damage to the respiratory tract

　　三是外出戴口罩防护要有选择性，年轻人可选戴对PM2.5过滤效率较高的口罩，但对心肺功能较差的人群不一定适用，尤其是老年人，会影响心肺供氧，易引发其他疾病。老年人可选用通透性较强的多层纱布口罩，利用气流在纱布层之间的迂回，呼出的水汽就会粘附大部分颗粒物，尤其是能够溶于水的硫酸盐、硝酸盐和含氮有机颗粒物，用过的口罩及时洗净放暖气上烤干。

Three is to go out wearing a mask protection be selective,Young people can choose to wear on PM2.5 filtration efficiency higher mask,But for cardiopulmonary function poor people could not be applied,Especially the elderly,Will affect cardiopulmonary oxygen,Easy cause other diseases.The elderly can choose permeability strong multilayer gauze mask,Use of air in the gauze layer between the detour,Breathe out of water vapor will adhere to most of the particles,Especially to water soluble sulfate/Nitrate nitrogen and organic particles,Used in the mask wash put on heating dry up.

疑问七：您对城市应对灰霾天气有何建议？ Question seven:You to the city to gray haze weather any suggestion?

　　王跃思：就北京而言，机动车为城市PM2.5的最大来源，约为四分之一。其次为燃煤和外来输送，各占五分之一。因此，防止北京及京津冀强霾污染事件的发生，北京市重点要解决机动车道路拥堵问题；周边区域重点解决燃煤的脱硫、脱硝和除尘及其挥发性有机物排放的控制。要高度关注柴油车排放和油品质量。

WangYueSi:In Beijing,Motor vehicle for city PM2.5 the biggest source,About a quarter.Followed by coal and foreign transport,The one 5.so,Prevent Beijing and beijing-tianjin-hebei strong haze pollution incident happened,The key to solve the vehicle road congestion problem;Surrounding area is mainly to solve the desulfurization of coal/Denitration and dust removal and volatile organic compounds emissions control.To high attention diesel vehicle emissions and oil quality.

　　此外，油气挥发和餐饮排放近年来有快速上升趋势，应加紧控制，工业和地面扬尘应进一步改善。

In addition,Oil and gas volatile and catering emissions in recent years have fast rising trend,Should intensify control,Industrial and ground dust should further improve.