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世界遗产旅游 不是一个简单命题--亲稳舆论引导监测室
2012-08-15


  “世界遗产旅游”这个概念进入我们的社会话语系统,当然得益于《世界遗产公约》的成功实施。因执行该公约而诞生的世界遗产目前已达936项,分布于全球153个国家。这些世界遗产地集中了文化和自然方面的精华,体现着公约所强调的“突出的普遍价值”。 “The world heritage tourism”This concept into our social discourse system,Of course benefit from《The world heritage convention》Successful implementation of。In the execution of the convention and the birth of the world heritage has 936 items,The global distribution of 153 countries。The world heritage site focused on the culture and the essence of nature,Embodies the convention emphasizes“Outstanding universal value”。

  由于是源于规范的法律执行,所以,世界遗产旅游亦为一个伴随着法律执行而成长起来的规范的概念,包含规范的内容及方式,而并非“去世界遗产地旅游”那么简单。它以公约的文化尊重和环境持续发展宗旨为纲,带动相关理念的普及和旅游思路、手段的跟进,并融入旅游产品的设计和施行之中。

Because is from standard law enforcement,so,The world heritage tourism is also a with law enforcement and grow up normative concept,Include standard content and way,not“To the world heritage tourism”So simple。It with convention cultural respect and environmental sustainable development tenet as the key link,Promote the popularity of relevant concepts and tourism ideas、Means of follow up,And into the tourism product design and implement of。

  那么,相对于普通意义上的旅游,世界遗产旅游的独特价值体现在何处,又如何体现呢?

so,Compared with common sense of tourism,The world heritage tourism unique value in where,And how to reflect?

  其一,不可替代的惟一性。一座迪斯尼乐园,可以在东京、巴黎、香港、上海及更多的城市同质化地加以复制,而每一项世界遗产却是独一无二的,具有不可替代、不可复制、不可再生的特质,并标示遗产在文化多样性、生物多样性方面的最高价值。遗产一旦复制,价值全无;遗产一旦消失,即是永别。

one,Irreplaceable only sex。A Disneyland,Can in Tokyo、Paris、Hong Kong、Shanghai and more urban homogeneity to copy,And every world heritage is unique,Has irreplaceable、duplicated、Nonrenewable trait,And mark heritage in the cultural diversity、The highest value of biodiversity。Heritage once copy,Value none;Heritage once disappear,Farewell is。

  其二,公共财富的均衡共享性。根据公约的基本精神,具有“突出的普遍价值”的世界遗产,均依照法定标准和程序而产生,有着人类共同遗产的共享性质。体现在旅游的权利上,人人共享。

The second,Public wealth equilibrium sharing。According to the basic spirit of the convention,has“Outstanding universal value”World heritage,In accordance with the legal standards and procedures are produced,Have common human heritage Shared properties。Reflected in tourism on the right,Everyone sharing。

  重要的是,这些属于世界遗产旅游的独特价值应在实际的旅游行为当中得以渗透,并使之显性地体现出来。这需要在理论和实践两方面均做到位。

Important is,These belong to the world heritage tourism should be unique value in actual tourist behavior to infiltration of,And make explicitly reflected。This requires in theory and practice both do a。

  理论方面,目前,关于世界遗产旅游的研究的国际前沿话题主要集中在若干热点上:世界遗产旅游的管理、世界遗产旅游产品的设计思路、怎样促进世界遗产旅游的正确发展、当地性与全球性的平衡对世界遗产旅游的影响、如何使外来者更好地理解当地文化、对生态与文明负责任的旅游等。

theory,At present,About the world heritage tourism research international frontier topic mainly concentrated in some hot spots:The world heritage tourism management、The world heritage tourism products design、How to promote world heritage tourism correct development、Local and global balance to the world heritage tourism influence、How to make the outsiders better understand local culture、On the ecological and civilized responsible tourism, etc。

  而在实践层面上,旅游产品的设计者、提供者,应将世界遗产内容准确充足的线路系统建立起来,使得旅游者能够在消费这种产品的过程中接受关于世界遗产的知识,感知世界遗产的基本价值和精神内涵,懂得这些地方不可替代的特质,而不仅仅是有着“世界遗产”名牌标志的门票高昂的景点。

However, in practice level,Tourism product designer、provider,The world heritage content should be accurate enough line system set up,Makes the tourists to this product in consumption in the process of the knowledge about the world heritage to accept,Perceive the world heritage of the basic value and spirit connotation,Know these places irreplaceable trait,Rather than just has“The world heritage”Famous brand mark tickets high spots。

  举例来讲,挪威政府推出的一种名叫“果壳里的挪威”的旅游产品,设计精致,操作成熟,可谓极具代表性。其中深受外国游客欢迎的西挪威线路,包含了山地火车、汽车、游轮、步行的方式,将挪威境内7项世界遗产中的3项(卑尔根的布吕根城区、西挪威峡湾、奥尔内斯木质教堂)囊括其中,一整天的行程,充实、合理而有效。身在“果壳”载体之中的旅游者,追寻当地宗教文明、城市文明、商业文明的发展脉络,感受挪威特有的地理风貌及生态文明,领会世界遗产在文化、自然方面的无可取代的最高价值自是水到渠成。

For example,The Norwegian government launched a name“Fruit shell in Norway”Tourism products,Design delicate,Operation mature,Is the most representative。The foreign visitors welcome by the west Norway line,Contains a mountain train、car、Cruise ship、Walking way,Norway will be seven world heritage within the territory of the three items(Bergen cloth LvGen city、West Norwegian fjord、ORR antunes wooden church)Ranging from,Schedule for the day,full、Reasonable and effective。Body in“Fruit shell”Carrier of tourists,After the local religious civilization、Urban civilization、Commercial civilization development context,Feel Norway unique geographical features and ecological civilization,Understand the world heritage in culture、Natural aspects of irreplaceable highest value naturally follow。

  有些世界遗产则适合于专门性的实地观察,一遗产地一游亦不啻为好的产品,这也是世界遗产的特点所决定的。如工业世界遗产,像标志大工业文明进程的英国塞文河谷铁桥峡、德国南部的费尔克林根钢铁厂;又如监狱世界遗产,像南非的曼德拉服刑18年的罗宾岛监狱、波兰的奥斯威辛比克瑙(集中营),均属此种情况。

Some of the world heritage is suitable for special field observation,A heritage a visit also considered to be a good product,This is also the world heritage to the special features of。Such as industrial world heritage,As mark the industrial civilization process of British plug wen river railway bridge canyon、In southern Germany fil kling root steel plant;And as prison world heritage,As South Africa's mandela serve 18 years LuoBinDao prison、Poland Nao bick auschwitz(camp),All belong to the situation。

  随着世界遗产旅游的发展和壮大,当然会有无限多的延伸问题出现,需要适时地解决。比如,年内有西方学者撰文质疑芬兰的世界遗产芬兰堡,为了方便游客而在芬兰堡内建儿童乐园和多个餐馆,违背了世界遗产的基本原则。世界遗产有核心区和缓冲区之分,依照规则核心区内不得有商业设施。因而,这样的质疑有理有据,也提示着世界遗产旅游不是一个简单的命题。

As the world heritage tourism development and expansion,Of course there will be unlimited extension problems,Need to timely solve。For example,Years writing a western scholars question the Finnish world heritage fort Finland,For the convenience of tourists in Finland and fort built in children's park and multiple restaurant,Violate the basic principles of the world heritage。The world heritage have core area and buffer the points,In accordance with the rules of the core area there shall be no commercial facilities。therefore,Such a question found,Also suggest the world heritage tourism is not a simple proposition。

 



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