历时近五年的《国民旅游休闲纲要(2013-2020年)》昨日通过中国政府网全文发布。纲要明确提出到2020年职工带薪休假制度基本得到落实的目标。此外，纲要还提出了地方政府可以探索安排中小学放春假或秋假；鼓励单位引导职工灵活安排全年休假时间等新举措，学者称这体现了国务院针对国民休闲领域给企业和地方放权。

Lasted nearly five years[The national tourism leisure outline(2013-2020)]By the Chinese government network yesterday released the full text.Outline clearly put forward to 2020 workers paid vacation system implemented the basic goal.In addition,Outline also puts forward the local government can explore arrangement of primary and secondary schools put spring or autumn false;Encourage unit guide worker agile arrange annual vacation time waiting for new measures,Scholars said it reflects the national leisure areas for the state council to the enterprise and local decentralization.

　

　几经争议，应时而出 After several disputes,Should sometimes out

　　根据中国政府网，国务院办公厅关于印发该纲要的通知发布于本月2日，但这份《纲要》的起草则始于2008年下半年。当时，国务院批准机构改革方案中赋予国家旅游局引导休闲度假指南的任务。2009年开始，国家旅游局会同国家发改委、中国旅游研究院，并抽调了学术单位专业人士，开始筹备撰写《纲要》，并数度修改，反复征求意见。

According to the Chinese government network,The general office of the state council on printing and distributing the outline of the notice issued this month 2,,But the[outline]Drafting is started in the second half of 2008.At that time,The approval of the state council institution reform in the national tourism administration to guide the leisure vacation guide task.Started in 2009,The national tourism administration in conjunction with the national development and reform commission/China's tourism research institute,And transfer the academic unit professionals,Start to prepare for writing[outline],And a number of changes,Repeatedly for advice.

　　据报道，有关方面几次称要发布《纲要》，这份文件却迟迟未能与公众见面。媒体此前报道，实际上《计划》已于2009年9月呈交国家发改委，但该部门一直对其中的预算数字、经济估值存在质疑。

According to the report,The said several times to be published[outline],The document has struggled to meet with the public.Media previously reported,In fact[plan]Already in September 2009, the national development and reform commission submitted,But the department has the budget figures/Economic valuation existence questioned.

　　作为《纲要》初期起草参与者之一，北京第二外国语学院中国闲暇经济研究中心主任魏翔在接受南都记者采访时表示，在初期磨合阶段，来自其他行业领域的专家和部委有不同的意见，比如汽车、房地产这些强势行业，他们并不认为旅游休闲行业能够成为一个单独的行业，直到2009年年底，我国才提出旅游业为战略支柱性产业，这个行业的重要性才得到承认。

as[outline]One of the early draft participants,Beijing second foreign language institute Chinese leisure economy research center director WeiXiang in accepting SMW reporter to interview said,In the early stage of break-in,From other experts in the field of industry and ministries and commissions have a different opinion,Such as car/These strong real estate industry,They don't think tourism leisure industry can be a single industry,Until the end of 2009,Our country to propose for the tourism industry of its business strategy,The importance of this industry to get admitted.

　　魏翔同时表示，如今这份纲要能够顺利发布，从经济学角度看，其中一个重要原因是由于我国目前经济发展速度放缓，正是国家推动休闲旅游类行业的最好时机。

WeiXiang also said,Now the outline can be released smoothly,From the perspective of economics,One of the important reason is because our country is current economic development speed slow,It is national promote leisure tourism industry class the best time.

　　中国社会科学院旅游研究中心副主任刘德谦则从休闲旅游主体分析称，闲暇时间和收入的增加，政府的休闲服务供给增多和个人休闲意识和技能提高是出台的必要因素。

The Chinese academy of social sciences, deputy director of the tourism research center is LiuDeQian from leisure tourism subject analysis says,The increase of leisure time and income,The government's leisure service supply increase and personal leisure consciousness and skills is on the introduction of the necessary factors.

　

　纲要核心是“放权” Outline core is"decentralization"

　　在中央筹备调研的同时，广东、江西、山东等地方政府也先后出台相关文件。其中，广东率先于2009年2月推出国民旅游休闲计划，这份计划中便已经提出了“弹性安排休假时间”、“学生旅学”等新举措。刘德谦称，地方实践为中央文件的出台提供了良好的经验和范例。

In the central preparatory research at the same time,guangdong/jiangxi/Shandong province and other local governments also have issued relevant documents.the,Take the lead in guangdong in February 2009 launch of the national tourism leisure plan,This plan has been put forward"Elastic arrangement vacation time"/"Students learn a"New measures such as.LiuDe QianChen,Local practice for the documents issued provides a good experience and example.

　　魏翔分析称，这次中央出台的纲要实际上体现的核心是“放权”，无论是鼓励企业灵活安排假期还是地方政府可以探索安排中小学放春假或秋假，都是体现中央政府把权利下放给企业和地方政府。

WeiXiang analysis says,The central on the introduction of the outline of the core is actually reflect"decentralization",Whether encourage enterprises to agile arrange holiday or local government can explore arrangement of primary and secondary schools put spring or autumn false,The central government is reflected the right down to the enterprises and local government.

　　刘德谦也同意这种看法，他表示，在《纲要》实施过程中，地方政府的能动性尤其显得重要。往远一些说，就在国家旅游局早期开始着手准备起草《纲要》时，一些地方政府也着意安排了对本地居民休闲的推动。

LiuDeQian also agree with that,He said,in[outline]Implementation process,Local government initiative is especially important.Went to far some said,In the national tourism administration early start working on the draft[outline]when,Some local governments also attempts to arrange the local residents to promote leisure.

　　除此以外，魏翔表示，小组初期在起草这份文件时希望这份《纲要》能够提升中国人的生活质量，而最终衡量这份《纲要》的效果，首先要看这份《纲要》是否有效地激发了国民生产效率；另一方面，《纲要》重要的目的是增加这一领域的就业，这是非常重要的衡量目标。而“放权”本身就是提高效率很好的方法。

In addition,WeiXiang said,The early group in drafting the document hope this[outline]To improve the quality of life of the Chinese people,And the final measure of this[outline]effect,First of all to see this[outline]Whether effectively inspire the national production efficiency;On the other hand,[outline]Important objective is to increase the field of employment,It is very important to measure target.and"decentralization"Itself is a good way to improve efficiency.

　

　争议 dispute

　　“带薪休假”取代“黄金周”？ "Paid vacation"replace"Golden week"?

　　

目前落实存在难点，专家建议每年增加两天假日满足出行需求 At present there implementation difficulties,Experts suggest increase annually by two days holiday travel to meet demand

　　自2008年我国第一次取消“五一黄金周”后，一场关于究竟是要“带薪休假”还是“黄金周”的争论一直持续至今。

Since 2008, the first time in our country to cancel"The May Day holiday week"after,A what is about to"Paid vacation"or"Golden week"Debate continues to this day.

　　作为力主以“带薪休假”取代“黄金周”的学者，清华大学政治经济学研究中心主任蔡继明曾表示，若每个人都要求一个统一的时间放假，就是一场灾难，如果每个人要放长假，但应该是错开放假。

As argued that to"Paid vacation"replace"Golden week"scholars,Tsinghua university political economics research center director CaiJiMing has said,If everyone requires a unified time off,Is a disaster,If everyone will have a long holiday,But should be staggered off.

　　魏翔也表示，在休假总天数不变的情况下，劳动者可以根据自身的情况，灵活地安排休假时间，这有效地减少了“黄金周”时旅游休闲带来的巨大的人流冲击。

WeiXiang also said,Total number of vacation in the same circumstances,Workers can according to their own situation,Agilely arrangement vacation time,This effectively reduced"Golden week"When leisure tourism brings the huge Numbers of impact.

　　但就目前现实来看，带薪休假实施状况却不尽如人意。根据我国2008年起施行的《职工带薪年休假条例》规定，职工连续工作一年以上可以享受带薪年休假。但根据《人民日报》2012年底推出的题为《今年你休假了吗？》的调查文章统计，有65.7%的受访者由于单位执行不利而没有休带薪假期。

But for now to see reality,Paid vacation implementation status is not satisfactory.According to our country in 2008 the effect[Regulations on paid annual leave for employees]provisions,The worker work for more than one year can be entitled to annual vacation with pay.But according to[People's Daily]By the end of 2012, introduced[You go on vacation this year?]The statistical survey,65.7% of the respondents due to adverse execution unit without Hugh paid holidays.

　　有学者认为，无法充分落实的原因多样，其中包括企业的认识问题，技术上的可操作性问题以及公众维护自身权利意识的问题。而最根本的是需要消除在劳动过程中产生的各种不平等现象。

Some scholars think that,Unable to fully implement the various reasons,Including enterprise problem of understanding,Technical operability and public awareness of right to safeguard their own problems.And the most fundamental is to eliminate in the labor process to produce a variety of inequality.

　　对此，刘德谦则持不同观点。他对记者表示，带薪休假制度不但在中国难以实施，在国外也存在同样的问题，一些经济和技术上的问题很难克服。因此，他建议在不断推行带薪休假的同时，每年增加两天的假期，继续保留黄金周。

this,The LiuDeQian holding different views.He told reporters,Paid vacation system not only in China is difficult to implement,In foreign countries also has the same problem,Some economic and technical problem is difficult to overcome.so,He suggested that in continuous paid vacation at the same time,Increase annually by two days of holiday,Continue to keep the golden week.

　　旅游专家、中国社科院旅游研究中心特约研究员刘思敏则更为明确地说在中国“带薪休假”取代“黄金周”根本不现实。作为曾经主张“取代论”的学者之一，刘思敏表示，经过几年的研究和观察，他认为带薪休假需要经济结构发展到一定程度才能较好地推行，在目前中国的现实情况中，一般企业，特别是私营企业不具备完全推行带薪休假的条件，甚至对于带薪休假有抵触情绪，因此，带薪休假的落实存在难点。改革传统节日的放假办法与恢复五一黄金周双管齐下，才是目前最有效的方法。

Tourism experts/The Chinese academy of tourism research center special researcher LiuSiMin is more specifically in China"Paid vacation"replace"Golden week"Don't reality.As ever claim"Replace theory"Scholars of,LiuSiMin said,After years of research and observation,He thinks that paid vacation need economic structure development to a certain degree to better implement,In the present China's real cases,General enterprise,Especially the private enterprises do not have the complete implementation of the paid vacation conditions,Even for paid vacation have outlaw motion,so,Paid vacation to carry out the existing difficulties.The reform of traditional festival holidays approach and recovery the May Day holiday week work along both lines,Is the most effective method.

　

　焦点 focus

　　1 1

　　高校可调整寒暑假，中小学可放春秋假 The summer and winter vacation can be adjusted,Primary and middle school can put the spring and autumn period and the false

　　纲要：在放假时间总量不变的情况下，高等学校可结合实际调整寒、暑假时间，地方政府可以探索安排中小学放春假或秋假。

outline:At the same time under the condition of the total amount,Higher school can be combined with the actual adjustment/Summer vacation time,The local government can explore arrangement of primary and secondary schools put spring or autumn false.

　　刘德谦：这种提法此前在地方已经有过探索，也是强调自主性，但是根据地方的经验来看，对于中小学的举措，安全问题必须考虑进来。

LiuDeQian:This formulation had in place there have been exploring,Also emphasize autonomy,But according to local experience,In elementary and secondary action,Security must be into account.

　　魏翔：这是给地方政府自行安排假期权力的一种尝试。实际上学生的假期也像是一个长的黄金周，在放假时间不变的情况下将两个长的假期分割为四个短的假期，实际上这也是错峰休假的一种。

WeiXiang:This is for the local government to arrange holiday power a try.In fact the student holiday also like a long golden week,At the same time under the condition of two long holiday will be divided into four short holidays,In fact this is a peak holiday.

　

　2 2

　　公共博物馆免费，城市休闲公园限时免费 Public museums free,Urban leisure park free time

　　纲要：稳步推进公共博物馆、纪念馆和爱国主义教育示范基地免费开放。城市休闲公园应限时免费开放。鼓励设立公众免费开放日。鼓励和支持私人博物馆、书画院、展览馆、体育健身场所、音乐室、手工技艺等民间休闲设施和业态发展。

outline:Steadily promoting public museum/Memorial hall and patriotism education demonstration base of free and open.Urban leisure park should be open and free time.Encourage the establishment of the public free Open Day.To encourage and support the private museum/Painting and calligraphy/Exhibition hall/Sports fitness places/Music room/Craftsmanship and folk recreational facilities and business mode development.

　　魏翔：公共的场馆体现的是一种公共服务，我们常说税收要取之于民用之于民，税收用到哪里去了，公共场馆的免费开放就体现了政府对于公众提供公共服务的质量。但私人的博物馆等设施不属于公共服务，它主要的目的是在于提高公众的生活质量，同时与公共服务互为补充。

WeiXiang:Public venues embodies a kind of public service,We often say tax to, by the people,Tax use where go to,Public venues free open reflected the government for the public to provide public service quality.But private museum facilities do not belong to public service,The main purpose of it is to improve the quality of life of the public,At the same time and the public service is complement each other.

　　刘德谦：这一条此前文化部就已经有了相关规定。实际上这次纲要中很多说法此前都已经有了，但纲要只是在一定程度上有约束力，因此究竟最终实施效果如何还要看各地如何根据自己实际的情况进行好的统筹和安排。

LiuDeQian:This one after the ministry of culture will have the relevant regulations.In fact many of the outline that previously had had,But only to a certain extent outline shall be binding upon both parties,So what final effect how to also look at how all according to their own actual situation as a whole and arrangement good.

　

　3 3

　　引导灵活安排休假时间，保障职工休假 Guide the agile arrangement vacation time,Guarantee a worker leave

　　纲要：到2020年，职工带薪年休假制度基本得到落实。鼓励机关、团体、企事业单位引导职工灵活安排全年休假时间，完善针对民办非企业单位、有雇工的个体工商户等单位的职工的休假保障措施。

outline:By 2020,The worker system of annual vacation with pay basic implemented.Encourage institutions/group/Enterprises and institutions guide worker agile arrange annual vacation time,Perfect for people-run non-enterprise units/Have hired worker individual and industrial and commercial door, and other units of the worker leave security measures.

　　魏翔：目前我们的带薪休假制度落实情况不好，我们去调研的时候，发现一些企业对于这方面的认识还有问题，由于我国的优势仍是劳动密集型产业，企业更多关注的是成本而不是效率。实际上“带薪休假”制度提倡的是效率，很多企业没有意识到这种休假方式实际上能够提高员工凝聚力、使得效率更高。

WeiXiang:At present our paid vacation system implementation is bad,We went to the investigation,Find some enterprise to know there is a problem,Because China's advantage is still labor-intensive industries,Enterprise pay more attention to cost not efficiency.In fact"Paid vacation"System advocates efficiency,Many companies are not aware that this way can improve the vacation in staff cohesion/Makes more efficient.

　　南都记者 娜迪娅 发自北京

SMW reporter na di maria from Beijing

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Revelation north Korea female"JingHua"

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Beauty love"Body modification"

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Japanese girls are not afraid of cold in winter?

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Revelation singular wreck file