去年的黄金周长假，多地景区客流“井喷”。从故宫远超历史纪录的单日客流量18.2万人次，到“华山爆棚事件”，“假日渴求”的背后，人们对一些文物旅游景点的文保问题产生担忧。

Last year's golden week holiday,More passenger flow of the scenic spot"blowout".Far off from the Palace Museum record one-day transported 182000 passengers,To the"Huashan peaks events","Holiday for"Behind the,For cultural relics of some tourist attractions Wen Bao concerns arise.

　　昨天，全国政协委员、文化部副部长、国家文物局局长励小捷接受本报独家专访时透露，今年国家文物局将组织专家，督促制定文物旅游景点的游客承载标准，必要时采取限流措施。励小捷呼吁，应在损坏文物案件处理中引入公益诉讼。

yesterday,The CPPCC national committee/Vice minister of culture/Director of state administration of cultural heritage wound small jie an exclusive interview with this newspaper revealed,State administration of cultural heritage experts will be organized this year,Supervise the tourists carry standards for cultural relics tourist attractions,Current limiting measures when necessary.Cherry small jie called for,In the damage of cultural relics should be introduced in public interest litigation case treatment.

　　国家文物局提出要求，无论博物馆还是整个文物系统内部人员，不得以职务身份到社会上进行有偿鉴定。但是鼓励和提倡文博单位以普及文物知识为目的，为大众进行免费鉴定。

State administration of cultural heritage has demanded,Both museum and the cultural relics within the system,Shall not be paid on the duty to the society.But to encourage and promote wenbo unit in order to popularize knowledge of cultural relics for the purpose,Carry out free evaluation for the masses.

　　不高于50万元的罚款数额与建设项目投入相比，违法成本低，这就使得责任单位有恃无恐，有限的经济处罚手段不足以对破坏文物的违法行为形成威慑。

Is not higher than 500000 yuan in fines compared with the construction project investment,The illegal cost is low,This makes the responsibility unit is operated,Limited economic punishment means to the destruction of cultural relics of the illegal act a deterrent.

　　文物景点管理 Scenic spots and control of cultural relics

　　

热门景点将核定日承载量 Hot spots of the bearing capacity

　　京华时报：很多文物景点目前在超负荷运转，因为人流压力不堪重负。这方面今年将开展哪些工作？

Beijing times:A lot of cultural relics sites in the overload operation,Because of congestion.What kind of work does this aspect will be carried out this year?

　　励小捷：今年国家文物局将选出亟待保护的文物旅游景点率先组织专家核定景点日承载量。这项工作非常必要，老祖宗留下的文化遗产，不仅仅这代人要享用，我们的后代要永续享用。

Excitation small jie:This year the state administration of cultural heritage to protect the cultural relics tourist attractions will be selected to take the lead in organizing expert verification sites daily capacity.The work is very necessary,The cultural heritage of the ancestors left behind,Not just this generation to enjoy,Our grandchildren to enjoy forever.

　　京华时报：游客会不会不理解？

Beijing times:Tourists can not understand?

　　励小捷：承载量的核定是事关文化消费、文化旅游的大问题，绝不会关起门来展开，一定会广泛吸取公众的意见，获取社会理解。

Excitation small jie:Bearing capacity the verification is a matter of cultural consumption/Cultural tourism,Not behind closed doors,Will learn from the advantages of public opinion,To obtain social understanding.

　　京华时报：这项工作有没有大概的时间表？

Beijing times:Did the work about schedule?

　　励小捷：近期就将出台景点承载量核定的工作方案。

Excitation small jie:Recent work programme will introduce attractions of bearing capacity for approval.

　　京华时报：核定涉及面有多广？全国的文物景点都要核定承载量吗？

Beijing times:Approved to have more wide range?Cultural relics sites across the country to check and ratify capacity?

地接团：乌镇千岛湖3日游

To group:Wuzhen thousand island lake. 3

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酒店最销魂的床

Hotel is the most amazing bed

日本人眼中的中国游客

Japan in Chinese tourists

虚无缥缈的不只有雾霾

By not only mist haze

全球神秘蛇文化

Mysterious snake culture around the world

　　励小捷：我们将根据文物旅游景点类型、矛盾突出程度选择第一批核定景点。比如故宫的紧迫程度可能比长城的紧迫程度强，要分情况。

Excitation small jie:We will depending on the type of cultural tourist attractions/Degree of contradiction choice approved the first batch of scenic spot.Such as the imperial palace of the urgent degree may be better than the degree of urgency of the Great Wall,Will divide the situation.

　　京华时报：一旦承载量核定了，如何根据这个数字去执行？

Beijing times:Once you load for approval,How to perform according to this number?

　　励小捷：在承载量确定之后，有关部门将采取配套执行措施。对于这一点，以前一些景点曾经尝试过总体人数限流的措施，比如故宫，但试行当中人流不断聚集，并产生不满情绪，为了稳定起见，总体人数限流的措施无奈被迫放弃。执行核定的日承载量需要在实践中探索合适的方式方法，比如团队预约、游客疏导等。

Excitation small jie:In the bearing capacity was determined,Relevant departments will take enforcement measures.On this point,Some scenic spots before ever tried to total number of current limiting measures,Such as the Palace Museum,But on a trial basis of flow concentration,And feelings of resentment,For stability's sake,Total number of current limiting measures but was forced to give up.Perform daily capacity needs to be approved in practice to explore suitable ways,Such as team to make an appointment/Tourist guidance, etc..

　　文物鉴定乱象 The cultural relics appraisal mess

　　禁止系统内人员有偿鉴定 Ban paid staff appraisal system

　　京华时报：现在随着收藏热、拍卖热的升温，鉴定乱象问题很严重。对于这个问题会否展开治理？

Beijing times:As the collection hot now/Auction hot temperature,Identification of chaos is a big problem.To this question will be whether governance?

　　励小捷：这种乱象确实存在。目前社会上名目繁多的鉴定“专家”、鉴定中心等机构没有一个是国家文物局批准的。从中央层面讲，国家批准的只有国家文物局的国家文物鉴定委员会。这个委员会有着严格的职能规定，他们不面向社会个人进行鉴定。

Excitation small jie:This mess is real.Various identification in society at present"experts"/Appraisal center institutions such as no one is approved by the state administration of cultural heritage.From the central level,Only approved by the national cultural relic identification committee of state administration of cultural heritage of the country.There are strict rules the functions of the committee,They are not geared to the needs of society for identifying individuals.

　　京华时报：他们主要做什么？

Beijing times:They mainly do?

　　励小捷：国家交给他们三项任务：代公立博物馆收藏文物进行鉴定；司法鉴定，辨别涉案文物的真伪；确定某件文物能否出境。有的由地方成立一个委员会效仿此种模式，也有部分地方批准成立文物鉴定中心，但这些机构主要以技术手段鉴定为主，不以“眼学”为主。

Excitation small jie:State three tasks assigned them:Generation of public identification museum of cultural relics;Judicial authentication,To identify the authenticity of cultural relics involved;Determine a relics can leave the country.Some of the local set up a committee to follow such a pattern,Set up and approved parts of the cultural relics appraisal center,But these institutions mainly technology appraisal,Don't to"ophthalmology"Give priority to.

　　京华时报：我们看到一些博物馆等社会机构的专家也会到社会上去鉴定文物。对此国家文物局是什么态度？

Beijing times:We see some museum of social institutions such as cultural relics experts will also to the social identification.State administration of cultural heritage is what attitude?

　　励小捷：应该说社会上确实有这种需求，国家文物局提出要求，无论博物馆还是整个文物系统内部人员，不得以职务身份到社会上进行有偿鉴定。但是鼓励和提倡文博单位以普及文物知识为目的，为大众进行免费鉴定。此外，今年国家文物局还将与工商等部门联合对文物市场加强管理，治理鉴定乱象。

Excitation small jie:It should be said that the society does have this need,State administration of cultural heritage has demanded,Both museum and the cultural relics within the system,Shall not be paid on the duty to the society.But to encourage and promote wenbo unit in order to popularize knowledge of cultural relics for the purpose,Carry out free evaluation for the masses.In addition,This year the state administration of cultural heritage will also work with industrial and commercial departments and so on market to strengthen the management of cultural relics,Identification of chaos.

　

　政协会议提案 CPPCC proposal

　　损坏文物应引入公益诉讼 Damage of cultural relics should be introduced to public interest litigation

　　京华时报：您今年准备的提案有哪些？

Beijing times:What are you preparing proposals this year?

　　励小捷：全部是关于加强文物保护的，比如呼吁在损坏文物案件的处理中引入公益诉讼。

Excitation small jie:Is all about strengthening the protection of cultural relics,Such as called for in the cases of damage to cultural relics of the introduction of public interest litigation.

　　京华时报：我们知道因为未经批准，擅自超范围施工，史家胡同51号院章士钊故居的修缮施工被处以行政处罚20万元；“梁林旧居”被拆，开发单位被处以50万元罚款……文物部门是不是没有更高的权力？

Beijing times:Because we know that without approval,Beyond the construction without authorization,Historian hutongs 51 yuan ZhangShiZhao residence renovation construction administrative penalties was sentenced to 200000 yuan;"The Liang Lin lives"Be hurt,Was fined 500000 yuan development unit……Cultural relics departments don't have a higher power?

　　励小捷：确实，文物主管部门由于缺乏行政强制力，提出的改正违法行为措施往往得不到落实，只能对责任单位处以5万元至50万元的罚款。不高于50万元的罚款数额与建设项目投入相比，违法成本低，这就使得责任单位有恃无恐，有限的经济处罚手段不足以对破坏文物的违法行为形成威慑。

Excitation small jie:indeed,Cultural relics departments because of the lack of administrative compulsion,Put forward measures to correct illegal behavior often get implemented,Only the responsibility unit to a fine of 50000 yuan to 500000 yuan.Is not higher than 500000 yuan in fines compared with the construction project investment,The illegal cost is low,This makes the responsibility unit is operated,Limited economic punishment means to the destruction of cultural relics of the illegal act a deterrent.

　　京华时报：以往都是行政处罚，是不是力度不太够？

Beijing times:As administrative penalty,If power is not enough?

　　励小捷：在执法实践中，破坏文物后的行政纪律责任追究困难重重，处罚力度明显不足。在2013年1月1日修订实施的《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》中新设了公益诉讼制度。国有文物属于社会公共利益范畴，损坏国有文物应当适用公益诉讼。

Excitation small jie:In the law enforcement practice,After the destruction of cultural relics of the administrative disciplinary responsibility shall be investigated for the difficulties,Penalties inadequate obviously.On January 1, 2013 revision[The civil procedure law of the People's Republic of China]New set up public interest litigation system.State-owned cultural relics belong to the category of social and public interests,Pil shall apply damage state-owned cultural relics.

　　京华时报：您在这个提案中有哪些建议和呼吁？

Beijing times:You what advice and called for in this proposal?

　　励小捷：我呼吁加强文物违法行为行政纪律责任追究的同时，请最高人民法院研究出台具体司法解释，明确将损害国有文物的案件纳入公益诉讼受理范围，各级文物行政主管部门等法律规定的有关机关和组织，可以作为本行政区域内损害国有文物案件的诉讼主体。

Excitation small jie:I calls for strengthening the cultural relics of the illegal act of administrative disciplinary responsibility at the same time,Please study the supreme people's court issued specific judicial interpretation,The clear will damage state-owned cultural relics into public interest litigation cases accepted range,Cultural relics administrative departments at all levels and other laws and regulations of relevant departments and organizations,Can be used as a damage cases of state-owned cultural relics within their respective administrative areas of litigation subject.

　　京华时报：这在现实中意味着什么？

Beijing times:What does this mean in reality?

　　励小捷：就是说文物管理单位或者所有权人可以通过民事诉讼途径，对损害文物行为主张权利，对于维护文物权益无疑增加了一重保障。通过民事诉讼，可以要求责任人恢复文物原状或者为损害文物支付相应经济赔偿。法院判决有司法保障，更容易得到执行。相比行政处罚最高限额仅仅50万元、文物部门出具的行政处罚文书往往得不到执行来说，适用民事诉讼对惩治文物违法行为更有力度，无疑有利于文物保护。

Excitation small jie:That is cultural relics management ownership of the unit or person may through civil litigation,Behavior of any claim for damage of cultural relics,In maintaining cultural relics of the rights and interests definitely add a heavy security.Through civil litigation,May require responsible to restore the original state cultural relics, or pay economic compensation for the damage of cultural relics.Court has the judicial guarantee,Is easier to perform.Compared to administrative punishment according to the maximum amount RMB 500000 only/Cultural relics department issued by the administrative punishment documents not perform,Apply to civil litigation to the punishment of illegal ACTS more powerful cultural relics,No doubt conducive to the protection of cultural relics.