前女子200米蛙泳世界纪录创造者、现任海军游泳队教练 齐晖

Former women's 200 m breaststroke creator world record、The navy JiHui swimming team coach

　　广东省游泳队资深教练 李农战

Guangdong province senior coach LiNongZhan swimming team

　　伦敦奥运会游泳比赛中国“水军”收获5金2银3铜。这是一次历史性的突破，一次积蓄已久的“爆发”。此前，中国游泳队在奥运会上的最好成绩是在1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上的4枚金牌，并且全部来自女子项目。而在伦敦，中国游泳开启了“比翼双飞”的新时代，其成功的奥秘在哪？我们应该怎样理解中国游泳的成功？

The London Olympic Games swimming competition China“navy”Harvest 5 gold, 2 silver and 3 bronze。This is a historic breakthrough，A savings already a long time of“outbreak”。after，Chinese swimming team in the Olympic Games is the best performance in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics four gold MEDALS，And all from women's project。And in London，China opened the swimming“Fly wing to wing”New era，Its successful mystery？How should we understand China swimming of success？

　　高原训练让孙杨成功 Plateau training let SunYang success

　　黄越滔：比赛结束后，我们听到不少中国运动员都提到了高原训练。或许对观众或业余游泳爱好者来说，这是一个陌生的领域。但从专业角度来看，高原训练其实早在20年前就已被很多项目广泛采纳了。但似乎不是所有教练都懂得高原训练的奥秘，也不是每一个运动员都适合去高原训练，这其实也是一个因人而异的训练方式。

HuangYueTao：After the game，We hear a lot of Chinese athletes are mentioned the plateau training。Perhaps for the audience or amateur swimming lovers，This is a strange field。But from a professional point of view，Plateau training actually early 20 years ago, in many projects has been widely adopted。But it seems not all coaches know plateau the mystery of training，Also not every one is fit for athletes to plateau training，It is also a vary from person to person training mode。

　　李农战：从专业角度分析高原训练，那不是三言两语说得清楚的，但有一点即使是外行也很容易理解，就是异地训练对运动员的刺激。因为游泳本身是一个非常枯燥乏味的项目，运动员长时间在一个地方训练，容易出现精神上的疲劳。而高原训练首先就满足了我们异地训练换环境的要求。另外，异地训练，周围的人和事物都有变化，在精神上对运动员来说也是一种刺激。

LiNongZhan：From professional perspective plateau training，It is not in a few words said clear，But have a bit even laypeople is also very easy to understand，Is different training on athlete's stimulus。Because swimming itself is a very boring project，Athletes long time in a place training，Prone to mental fatigue。And plateau training first will meet our training in different environmental requirements。In addition，Different training，The people and things around all have change，In the spirit of athletes is also a kind of stimulus。

　　齐晖：高原训练需要教练员有丰富的执教经验，对运动员的各项机能掌控以及生理状况的观察能力要突出。另外，运动员在高原训练中容易出现身体不适，一旦这种状况影响到训练，那高原训练的作用就大打折扣了。所以，高原训练对教练员来说绝对是对能力的考验。所以，我个人认为，高原训练存在较大风险，如果缺乏经验，年轻教练往往不敢选择高原训练。我认为，中国队目前在高原训练上掌控得最好，研究最透彻的就是孙杨的教练朱自根。并不是因为孙杨在伦敦奥运会上拿到金牌我才这么说。其实，游泳队的人都知道，朱自根早在十几年前就积累了丰富的高原训练经验。包括女子中长距离自由泳世界冠军陈桦、男子吴鹏等，都是朱自根的队员。这些队员也曾经从高原训练中获益匪浅。相对于不同特点的游泳选手，我认为高原训练对中长距离运动员的帮助更明显，因为中长距离对运动员的心肺功能要求更高，而在高原缺氧的环节中训练，运动员这方面的承受能力会有明显进步。至于孙杨的表现，作为一名中长距离的世界顶尖高手，我相信高原训练对他的成绩提高也起到了非常关键的作用，当然这其中的关键人物就是他的教练。

JiHui：Plateau training need coaches have rich experience in coaching，The control function for athletes and physiological condition observation ability to highlight。In addition，Athletes in training in the plateau is easy to appear the body unwell，Once this condition affect training，The plateau training role the big give discount。so，Altitude training on the coach is absolutely is to the test of ability。so，Personally, I think，Plateau training there is a big risk，If lack of experience，Young coach often can't choose plateau training。I think，China is currently in the plateau training best control，The most thorough research is SunYang coach ZhuZiGen。Not because SunYang in the London Olympic Games gold medal I get to say so。In fact，The swimming team knows that，ZhuZiGen as early as ten years ago has accumulated rich plateau training experience。Among women including long freestyle world champion ChenHua、Man WuPeng, etc，Are ZhuZiGen players。The players had also gained from the plateau training。Relative to the different characteristics of the swimmers，I think altitude training on the help of the long distance swimmer in the more obvious，Because of the long distance on the athletes' cardiopulmonary functional requirements higher，And in plateau anoxic link of training，This aspect of the athletes bear ability will have obvious progress。As for SunYang performance，As a long in the world's top player，I believe that altitude training on his grades improve also plays a key role，Of course the key figure is his coach。

　　训练中西结合激发选手 Training Chinese and western combined with excitation player

　　黄越滔：走出去、请进来是中国游泳最近一个奥运周期贯彻落实得最成功的方式之一。其中很重要的一方面是，在中西合璧的训练中，教练员如何结合两种不同训练理念和训练模式。

HuangYueTao：Go out、Please come in and is China's swimming a recent Olympic cycle implementation of the most successful one way。Among them very important one is，In the training of Chinese and western，The coach how to combine two kinds of different training idea and training mode。

　　齐晖：虽然是去投奔外国教练，但绝对不能忽视中国教练的作用。因为在训练中，两国教练之间的沟通非常重要。外教的训练方式和理念更先进，但只有我们自己的教练才真正了解队员的情况。中国运动员和欧美运动员在体能、体质上都存在较大差异，所以中国教练不能依葫芦画瓢式地去复制外籍教练的训练计划。什么时候该上强度，什么时候该调整，这就要靠中国教练的掌控和把握了。也就是说，中国游泳队的成功，更多是依靠我们自己的积累和钻研。虽然我们选择的是走出去、请进来的路，但不是被别人牵着鼻子走。我相信这是中国游泳取得成功的关键因素。

JiHui：Although it is to go to a foreign coach，But absolutely cannot ignore the role of Chinese coaches。Because in training，The communication between the two countries the coach is very important。The teacher's training mode and idea more advanced，But only our own coach didn't really understand the situation。Chinese athletes and the European and American athletes in the physical、The constitution is put in bigger difference，So China coach can't follow suit type to copy foreign coach training program。When the intensity of the，When the adjustment，This will depend on China's coach control and mastered。That is，The success of the Chinese swimming team，More depend on our own accumulation and study。Although we choose is going out、Please come in the way of，But not be nose of others。I believe this is the key factor to the success of swimming。

　　李农战：首先，我还是认为最简单的理解就是异地训练的收益，因为从心理上异地训练就是一种帮助和刺激。出国训练就更不用说了，运动员在国外训练，除了训练，他的生活环境也比较简单，如果说在国内是70%的投入训练，到了国外绝对是95%甚至100%的投入。另外，不同的训练计划对运动员来说也是一种刺激。

LiNongZhan：First of all，I still think the most simple understanding is that different training income，Because from psychological different training is a kind of help and stimulation。Go abroad training is not to mention the，Athletes in training abroad，In addition to training，His life environment is quite simple，If in domestic is 70% into the training，Went to abroad is absolutely 95% or even 100% of the investment。In addition，Different training program for athletes is also a kind of stimulus。

　　中国男子游泳潜力大 The Chinese men's swimming potential

　　黄越滔：伦敦奥运会，我记住的不仅仅是中国游泳队收获的5金2银3铜的成绩，除了看到好的一面，我们还要思考，要有危机感。

HuangYueTao：The London Olympic Games，I remember is not only the Chinese swimming team harvest 5 gold, 2 silver and 3 bronze result，In addition to see the good side，We have to think about，Want to have crisis。

　　齐晖：说到中国队高水平运动员的可持续性，我认为这是值得期待的。首先，我们看到孙杨、叶诗文以及焦刘洋这三名获得金牌的运动员都非常年轻，而且他们的进步都是一年一个台阶。在这三名选手中，我只是对叶诗文的表现有些惊讶。可能因为我曾经也是混合泳选手，叶诗文这次游出来的成绩，以及她在赛场外得到的关注都是我意料之外的。

JiHui：Said China high level athletes sustainability，I think this is worth the wait。First of all，We see SunYang、Leaf poetry and JiaoLiuYang the three gold medal athletes are very young，And their progress is a year to a new level。In the three players，I'm just leaf poetry performance some surprise。Maybe because I was medley player，Leaf poetry the swim out results，And her game outside the get attention all is me unexpected。

　　说到危机感，我担心的是中国队在仰泳和蛙泳项目上出现的差距。尤其是担心下一届全运会后，可能有些老队员会选择退役，这会使我们在个别项目上再次出现滑落和空缺。当然，随着中国游泳整体水平的提升，我们应该也具备了填补空缺的能力。尤其是中国男子游泳水平的整体提高，对中国游泳来说是非常重要的。因为女运动员在训练中必然是比男运动员慢的，而男选手水平的提高，在训练中就能带动女运动员。所以，从可持续性方面来看，我认为中国游泳是值得期待的。

Said to the crisis，I worry about is China in the backstroke and breaststroke appear on the project of the gap。Especially worried about the next after the national games，May be some old players will choose to retire，It makes us in individual projects appear again slipped and vacancy。Of course，With China's swimming overall level of ascension，We should also have the ability to fill the vacancy。Especially the Chinese men's swimming level of the overall increase，Swimming in China it is very important。Because female athletes in training than male athletes must be slow，While the men to raise the level of players，In training can drive the female athletes。so，From the sustainable side，I think that China's swimming is worth looking forward to。

　　李农战：我认为中国游泳的可持续性发展是乐观积极的。首先，中国队在长距离项目上的优势，就证明中国运动员的有氧耐力基础非常好。游泳项目中，中长距离是基础，在这个项目上具备领先优势，就奠定了可持续发展性。另外，我更看好男子项目，因为除了孙杨以外，我们在蝶泳、仰泳和蛙泳项目上都有进入世界前8名的选手，这对中国男子游泳来说是非常积极的好消息。而在男子中长距离项目上，孙杨不是一枝独秀，还有很多年轻选手值得关注和期待。(黄越滔)

LiNongZhan：I think that China's swimming of sustainable development is positive。First of all，China in the long run of the advantage of the project，Is that Chinese athletes aerobic endurance foundation is very good。Swimming project，In long distance is the foundation，In this project have the advantage，It set the sustainable development。In addition，I prefer man project，Because in addition to the outside SunYang，We in the RACES of butterfly、Backstroke and breaststroke projects have to get into the world's top eight players，The Chinese man swimming it is very positive news。And in man long project，SunYang not outshine others，There are many young player is worth attention and look forward to。(HuangYueTao)