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　　一边是价格高涨，一边是掺杂使假、以次充好，问题频发的中药材市场似乎“病”得不轻。

On one side is rising prices，On one side is ShiJia doped、shoddy，Frequent problems of Chinese medicinal materials market seems to“disease”Not light。

　　我国中药材市场“疾病缠身”何以屡治不愈？其深层次“病因”何在？如何求得一张“处方”确保其健康发展？记者日前来到素有“药都”之称、全国最大的中药材专业市场所在地河北安国调查采访。

Chinese herbal medicine market“ailing”Why can't cure the repeatedly？The deep“cause”is？How to get a“prescription”To ensure the healthy development？The reporter has come to known as“medicine”said、The nation's largest Chinese herbal medicine professional market research interview school located in hebei province。

　　国家食品药品监管局不久前发出通知，要求各地进一步加强中药材专业市场监管，加大查处力度，严厉打击制假售假、非法加工中药饮片、挂靠过票经营、人工染色增重等违法违规行为。

The state food and drug supervision bureau recently issued a notice，Requires all further strengthen Chinese herbal medicine professional market oversight，Increase investigation dynamics，To crack down on counterfeit、Illegal processing Chinese medicine yinpian、Call a ticket business、Artificial dyeing illegal activities such as weight gain。

　　来自国家监管层的一道严令，向乱象不断的中药材市场发出严重警告。这里交易的原本是可以治愈疾病的药材，但现在自身却顽疾缠身，亟待一纸良方。

From the national regulatory a ordered，To the mess of Chinese medicinal materials market constantly out serious warning。Here is the deal can be cured the disease was medicine，But now their own but with persistent ailment，To be a strategy paper。

　　

多重“症状”—— multiple“symptoms”--

　　

价格飙涨 假货频出 名称混乱 Prices rocketing fake PinChu name chaos

　　记者在河北安国药材市场调查时发现：去年以来，中药材价格涨声一片。

Reporter in hebei school of medicine market survey found：Since last year，Chinese herbal medicine price sound one。

　　“现在价格涨幅最大的可能就是党参了，以前六七块钱一斤，现在卖到40元左右。”安国中药批发商任琼说。

“Now the largest increase prices may be the codonopsis pilosula......，Six or seven dollars before a kilo，Now sells for 40 yuan。”Traditional Chinese medicine school of wholesalers RenQiong said。

　　“大家熟知的名贵中药材三七，2009年时每公斤不到60元，现在已飙升到每公斤600多元！”药商们抱怨。继“蒜你狠”、“糖高宗”、“姜你军”之后，中药材又被他们戏称为“药你命”。

“Known as the rare Chinese herbal medicine sanqi (panax notoginseng)，In 2009, less than 60 yuan per kilogram，Now has soared to 600 yuan per kilogram！”Complain about the drug。the“Garlic you malicious”、“Sugar the emperor”、“Ginger you army”after，Chinese herbal medicine and be they nicknamed the“Medicine your life”。

　　不光是普通中药材，名贵中药材的涨幅也让人瞠目结舌。

Not only is the ordinary Chinese traditional medicine，Rare traditional Chinese medicinal materials have also jumped the astounding。

　　随着近年来“虫草热”席卷全国，不仅引发了青海、西藏等地大面积的挖掘和交易活动，虫草的价格也是节节攀升。广东普宁中药材市场虫草经营商秦先生说：“冬虫夏草在2004年前后每公斤两万五左右，现在要20多万元，七八年间涨了10多倍！”

In recent years, with“Caterpillar fungus hot”Swept across the country，Not only cause in qinghai、Tibet area of the mining and trading activities，The price of Chinese caterpillar fungus is climbing。Guangdong puning Chinese herbal medicine market caterpillar fungus operators said Mr Qin：“Cordyceps in around 2004 twenty-five thousand or so per kilogram，Now more than 20 to ten thousand yuan，Eight years has jumped ten times！”

　　不光价格狂涨，以次充好、以假乱真等质量问题更让老百姓揪心。

Not only prices soared，shoddy、The real ones and the quality problems that common people more anxious。

　　河北省安国市中药材专业市场在检查中发现，一些不法商户为逃避监管偷偷进行“地下交易”和“场外交易”，在交易大厅的摊位上摆放真药，但在大厅外的库房里存储、出售的却是大宗假药。

AnGuoShi Chinese herbal medicine specialized market in hebei province during the inspection found，Some illegal merchants to escape from regulatory secretly“Underground trade”and“over-the-counter”，In the trade lobby put stall in true medicine，But in the hall outside the warehouse storage、The sale of fake drugs is large。

　　“目前，我国各大中药材市场仍然存在个别不法商户为了一己私利，对中药材进行染色、人为增重、掺杂使假的行为。”河北安国市副市长谷雄军说。

“At present，Our country each big Chinese herbal medicine market still exist individual illegal merchants to selfish interests，For Chinese herbal medicine dyed、Artificial weight increase、Doping ShiJia behavior。”Hebei AnGuoShi vice mayor GuXiongJun said。

　　“中药真伪优劣的鉴别是一门专业性很强的学科，需要有相关的基础知识，如植物学、矿物分类学、药用植物学等，还需长期鉴别经验的积累。”河北省食品药品检验院主任中药师孙宝惠说。

“Traditional Chinese medicine authenticity identification of quality is a professional strong discipline，Need to have the relevant basic knowledge，As the botanical、Mineral taxonomy、Pharmaceutical botany, etc，Still need long time to identify the accumulation of experience。”Hebei province food and drug inspection, director of the ZhongYaoShi SunBaoHui said。

　　记者了解到，药材的质量优劣受到种质、产地、种植技术、采收加工、炮制、储存条件等诸多因素的影响，即使是从事中药鉴定工作的专业人员，有时也很难鉴别真伪，对于普通消费者而言，更是不易识别。

The reporter understands，Medicinal materials by the quality germplasm、origin、Planting technology、Recovery processing、processing、Storage conditions and the influence of various factors，Even if is engaged in the work of Chinese medicine identification of professionals，Sometimes it is difficult to identify authenticity，For ordinary consumers，Is not easy to identify。

　　老百姓在使用了伪劣中药饮片后，轻者没有治疗作用，贻误疾病治疗，重者可能会给健康带来危害。

Common people in use and shoddy Chinese medicine yinpian，Light person no treatment function，Delay disease treatment，The person that weigh may bring harm to health。

　　记者在药材中心交易大厅里还看到，中药材命名混乱的问题也不同程度存在着。有药商直接将具有减肥功效的中药材贴上“减肥药”的标签。

Reporter in medicinal materials center the trading floor also saw，Chinese herbal medicine named chaos of the problem there are also different degree。Drug companies have direct will have effect reducing weight with Chinese traditional medicine“Medicine reducing weight”label。

　　“能这么叫吗？”记者请教。

“So that you can？”The reporter consulted。

　　“这不规范。”孙宝惠说。随意起名字，肯定会给买药人带来困扰。

“It's not standard。”SunBaoHui said。Casual name，Will certainly bring trouble to buy drugs。

　　据介绍，比较严重的“乱叫”，跟中药材的地区习惯用药有关系。

According to introducing，serious“made”，With the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in drug habits have relations。

　　地区习惯用药是一种同名异物现象，即：具有大致相同功效的药材来源不同。例如，山药这种药材是薯蓣科植物薯蓣的干燥根茎，而在湖南、广西等多个省份，山药则是薯蓣科植物参薯的干燥根茎。地区习惯用药的存在给不法药商制造了很多生产假冒伪劣中药材的机会，消费者也可能由于误食某类同名药危及身体健康。

Habit is a drug in the same phenomenon of foreign bodies，namely：Have approximately the same effect of the materials of different sources。For example，Yam this drug is dry, d. d. plant roots，And in hunan、Guangxi provinces，Yam is subtropical plants and the potato diosgenin rhizome dry。The existence of the drug habit area for illegal drug made by many produce fake Chinese herbal medicine of opportunities，Consumers may be due to the ingestion of with some kind of generics risk their health。

　　据统计，中国药典收载的中药材品种有539种，其中有近30%的品种存在地区习惯用药情况。

According to the statistics，China pharmacopoeia of Chinese medicinal materials posted 539 varieties，There are nearly 30% of the existing varieties in drug habit。

　　

复杂“病因”—— complex“cause”--

　　

游资炒作 监管缺位 标准缺失 Hot money hype regulatory absence lack standard

　　中药材市场患上价格飙涨、质量下降等顽疾的“病因”究竟何在？

Chinese herbal medicine market have prices rocketing、The decline in the quality of the persistent ailment, etc“cause”What on earth？

　　针对目前中药价格飙涨的问题，记者专门询问了保定市食品药品监管局局长徐顺通，他认为除了自然灾害导致供需不平衡价格上涨外，部分游资囤积居奇也是中药材涨价的一大原因。

In view of the current up prices for traditional Chinese medicine，Reporters asked the special city, the secretary for the food and drug administration XuShunTong，He thinks that in addition to natural disasters unbalanced supply and demand of the prices，Part of the hot money hoarding is Chinese herbal medicine prices one big reason。

　　记者调查发现，中药材种植有地域性，游资常常在一个地区买断某个品种的药材，囤积一定的时间，待这种药材因短缺而价格上扬时，高价卖出，获取高额利润。冬虫夏草等名贵中药材就常常以这样的方式被炒作。

A survey revealed that，Chinese herbal medicine plant have regional，Hot money often in a variety of herbs in a buyout，Hoarding some time，For this drug because of shortages and rising prices，Sell high，Up profits。Wait for rare Chinese caterpillar fungus often in this way is hype。

　　而购进渠道的混乱导致中药材质量无保障。

And the channel of the disorder to cause the Chinese herbal medicine purchase quality is guaranteed。

　　中药材市场出售的是从全国各地收购来的中药材，属农副产品，作为原材料由饮片加工企业及制药厂购进后，经过检验、加工，才能作为中药饮片销售到用药单位。

Chinese herbal medicine market from all over the country of purchase to Chinese traditional medicine，Of agricultural and sideline products，As a raw material processing enterprise and pharmaceutical factory by slices after purchase，After inspection、processing，Can be used for Chinese medicine yinpian sales to drug use unit。

　　“而现在的情况是，部分购药单位因中药材市场价格较低，就直接从市场购进，而不是从饮片加工企业等合法渠道购进饮片，导致饮片质量无法保障，也无法实现可追溯性，给生产假冒伪劣中药材的药商提供了空间。”谷雄军分析。

“And now the situation is，Buy medicines because the unit of Chinese herbal medicine market price is lower，Directly from market purchase，Not from yinpian processing enterprise legal channels were purchased，Cause yinpian unable to safeguard the quality，Also can't achieve can be traceable，To produce the fake Chinese herbal medicine drug dealer provide space。”GuXiongJun analysis。

　　据记者调查发现，目前中药材市场存在经营规模小、从业人员数量多且专业素质低等现象，再加上认定假药的相关法律不够健全、药典标准不一等原因，给中药市场的监管带来了一定的难度。而监管的不到位，就会使假药横行。

According to the reporter survey found，At present Chinese herbal medicine market has the small scale of the operation、Employees more than the number of professional quality and lower phenomenon，Plus the related law that fake drugs are unsound、Pharmacopoeial standards such as different reasons，Traditional Chinese medicine market supervision to bring some difficulty。And supervision is not in place，Can make the fake horizontal line。

　　目前，假药的认定依据是《药品管理法》第四十八条，主要是针对药品的化学成分进行判别。但中药材有它的特殊性，至今大多数中药材有效成分不清，这就给假药材的鉴别带来困难。

At present，The cognizance of the fake drugs are based on《The pharmaceutical administration law》Article 48，Mainly is aims at the chemical composition of drugs for discrimination。But because of the special characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine，So far most Chinese herbal medicine effective component is not clear，This will give false identification of medicinal materials difficult。

　　实际中，对一种假中药材，药品检验部门出具的检验报告无法写清成分，只能注明组织构造。但公安部门认为，这种检验结论不能作为假药的定性依据，这就使得药监部门认定的典型假药案，公安部门却不能追究其刑事责任，执法力度因而大打折扣。

practice，A false to Chinese traditional medicine，The pharmaceutical inspection department issue inspection report can't write the composition，Can indicate the organization structure。But the public security departments that，This conclusion can be used as the inspection of the fake qualitative basis，This makes the drug agency that JiaYaoAn typical，The public security department shall be investigated for his criminal responsibility but can't，Law enforcement and sell at a discount greatly。

　　另外，中药材和中药饮片还存在界定标准问题。

In addition，Chinese herbal medicine and traditional Chinese medicine yinpian there are defined standards。

　　市场销售的中药材，应该是未经切制的。但有相当一部分药材在产地就做了趁鲜切片晒干的初加工，否则会烂掉。对于这类产品属于饮片还是药材，各地说法不一，致使市场监管不易把握。如按饮片管理就要进饮片厂加工生产，但众多药材产在深山、边远地区，建厂客观上存在很多困难；如按药材管理又容易造成市场上销售中药饮片的乱象。

The market of Chinese medicinal materials sales，Should be made without the cut。But a number of medicinal materials in origin did while fresh slice of dry vegerable，Otherwise it will rot。To this kind of product is prepared or medicine，Explanations all over，The market supervision is not easy to grasp。If press yinpian management will into yinpian factory processing production，But many medicinal herbs production in the deep mountains、Remote areas，There are many difficult objectively factory；If press management and easy to cause the medicinal materials market of traditional Chinese medicines into ready-to-use forms the mess。

　　

探求“处方”—— To search“prescription”--

　　

统一标准 提高门槛 严加惩处 Unified standards improve clamping down on the threshold

　　在“病症”已现，“病因”已知之后，治愈中药材市场“顽疾”的这张处方需要多味“良药”。

in“disease”Has now，“cause”After known，Heal the Chinese herbal medicine market“Persistent ailment”Of this prescription need more flavor“Good medicine”。

　　遏制中药材已经出现的质量滑坡，首先要有统一明确的质量评判标准。

Contain Chinese herbal medicine has appeared quality landslide，The first to have unified clear the quality evaluation criteria。

　　“建议国家有关部门尽快制定栽培中药材的质量标准，以便引导农民的种植，也使市场监管有据可依，使优良品种得到发扬，不良品种被淘汰。”谷雄军表示，还应及时修订与药典重名的地区习惯用药的中药材品种，以防假冒。

“Suggestions to the relevant departments of the state for the quality of the Chinese herbal medicine as soon as possible cultivation standard，In order to guide peasants cultivation，Also make the market according to the regulation in，To get to carry forward the fine varieties，Bad varieties have been eliminated。”GuXiongJun said，Should also revised timely and pharmacopoeia of the drug habit in heavy of Chinese medicinal materials varieties，In case of fake。

　　记者在调查中发现，目前中药材监管人员的专业素质仍然不高，甚至还发生叫错、认错药名的现象。

Reporters in the survey found，At present Chinese herbal medicine supervision's professional quality still is not high，Even happen that wrong、Admit the phenomenon of the drug。

　　“安国中药材市场存在很多因名称错误造成的假冒中药材现象，例如将关黄柏叫成黄柏，将理枣仁叫成酸枣仁，将槲寄生叫成桑寄生，将小通草叫成通草等。”谷雄军说。

“There are many Chinese school of market because of the name of the mistake that fake Chinese herbal medicine phenomenon，For example will shut cortex phellodendri call into golden cypress，Richard jujube kernel will call zi，The mistletoe call into mistletoe，The small TongCao call into TongCao, etc。”GuXiongJun said。

　　为此，河北省加大了对中药材、中药饮片高级鉴别师的培训，先后举办了16期培训班，共有10778人次参加了培训，有7498人通过培训考试合格取得了中药材中药饮片高级鉴别师资格。

For this，Hebei province to increase the Chinese traditional medicine、Chinese medicine yinpian senior identify division of training，It held a 16 phase of the project，A total of 10778 people took part in the training，There are 7498 people through the training examinations made Chinese herbal medicine Chinese medicine yinpian senior identify qualification。

　　如今，监管人员素质、能力、水平的逐步提高，为规范市场起到了非常重要的作用，假冒中药材由此大幅减少。

now，Regulators quality、ability、The gradual improvement of the level，To regulate the market has played a very important role，Fake Chinese traditional medicine which is greatly reduced。

　　除去提高人员专业素质外，监管部门对制假售假者的惩处力度也在加强。

Remove enhancing personnel professional quality outside，Supervision department of ShouJiaZhe counterfeiting of punishment in strengthening also。

　　6月14日，安国市药监局查处了安国市恒益药材行出售劣药红花，没收其全部劣药，并处500元罚款。

June 14,，The administration's AnGuoShi AnGuoShi dealt with constant profit medicinal materials do sell inferior drugs red flowers，Confiscated all of its inferior drugs，Impose a fine of RMB 500 yuan。

　　记者在调研时发现，与之类似的其他11起制售假劣药品案件所涉及生产经营企业及个人的相关信息，被公示在安国市药材交易大厅前的一块小黑板上，据安国市食品药品监管局局长李亚欣介绍，这是安国实行的“黑名单”制度。

The reporter found in research，Anything like the other 11 up and JiaLie drug cases involving production management enterprise and personal information，Be AnGuoShi medicinal materials trading publicize in the hall before a small，According to AnGuoShi food and drug supervision bureau chief LiYaXin introduced，This was the kingdom for carrying out“blacklist”system。

　　“今年4月以来，我们每周都会对黑名单公示栏进行更新，给购药企业和消费者提个醒。”安国市食药局市场监管科负责人韩士凯说。

“Since April this year，Every week we to blacklist GongShiLan updates，To buy drug the enterprise and the consumer caution。”The food and drug administration AnGuoShi market supervision of families HanShiKai said。

　　记者了解到，以前个别单位销售假药的行为，只能受到经济处罚，触动不了根本利益。如今，销售假药单位和个人会被公示在网络、交易大厅广场公示栏、电子滚动屏幕上，很多消费者就会质疑其质量信誉，不再与其发生业务关系。这样的处罚，与单纯罚款相比，更严厉，也更有效。

The reporter understands，Before the behavior of the individual unit sales fake drugs，Only by the economic penalties，Touches the fundamental interests。now，Selling fake drugs unit and individual will be fair show on the network、The trade lobby GongShiLan square、Electronic rolling screen，Many consumers will be questioned the quality reputation，No longer happen with business relations。That punishment is，Compared with the pure fines，More stringent，And more effective。

　　与“黑名单”制度并行的还有严格的备案准入制度。

and“blacklist”Parallel and strict system of record access rules。

　　根据《安国市人民政府中药材市场准入制度(试行)》的规定，凡是今年5月1日后申请进入药材中心交易大厅经营的商户，必须先向管理单位登记备案中药材仓储地点、库房数量和库存中药材品种等信息，经食品药品监管局验收合格后签订《中药材经营质量保证书》，才能获得药城管理局颁发的摊位许可证和工商部门颁发的营业执照。

According to《The people's government AnGuoShi Chinese herbal medicine market access system(trial)》Provisions of the，All this year after May 1 apply to the trade lobby of medicinal center management merchant，Have to talk to the registration and management of Chinese herbal medicine storage place unit、Warehouse and inventory quantity of Chinese information，The food and drug administration bureau signed after acceptance《Chinese herbal medicine management quality guarantee》，To get YaoCheng permit issued by the administration for industry and commerce and the booth from the department of the business license。

　　“在日常监管中，如果发现与备案不符的经营行为，就可以依法规查处，增强了监管执法的针对性。”李亚欣说。(富子梅 邹雅筠)

“In the daily supervision，If found and the business activities of the record is not，In accordance with the laws and regulations can be investigated，To enhance the supervision of the law enforcement targeted。”LiYaXin said。(FuZiMei ZouYaJun)