如何打击药品制毒？ How to strike such drugs？

　　感冒药能制造毒品。这不是传说，而是活生生的事实。

Cold medicines can manufacture drugs。This is not legend，But living fact。

　　2011年9月，内蒙古赤峰市一间烟雾缭绕的出租屋内，35岁的席海龙按照从网上学来的办法，用“新康泰克”胶囊提炼出伪麻黄碱，制成了47克毒品甲基苯丙胺。经同伙梁似冰联系，他将其中15克卖出牟利。

September 2011，Inner Mongolia chifeng city a smoky in the article，35 years old from the Internet to learn XiHaiLong according to the measures，with“) the new health”Capsule pseudoephedrine extracts，Make 47 grams drugs methamphetamine。The partner beam like ice contact，He will be sold in 15 grams profit。

　　今年5月间，席海龙、梁似冰被赤峰市红山区法院以贩卖、制造毒品罪判处有期徒刑13年，向他们传授制毒方法的王鹏则获刑3年。

May this year between，XiHaiLong、Like ice was GongShanOu beam chifeng city court in selling、Manufacturing drugs sin sentenced to imprisonment for 13 years，Talk to them about the manufacturing method of the punishment WangPengZe 3 years。

　　近年来，越来越多的不法分子利用“新康泰克”胶囊等麻黄碱类复方制剂提取麻黄碱，将药品变成毒品，从而把吸毒者推向深渊。最高人民法院不久前通报了6起毒品犯罪典型案例，其中与麻黄碱类复方制剂有关的占到半数。

In recent years，More and more of the outlaws“) the new health”Capsule of methamphetamine compound preparations extraction methamphetamine，The drug into drugs，And take the drug addicts into the abyss。The supreme people's court not long ago about six cases of drug crimes typical case，Among them and methamphetamine kind of compound preparations of account for about half。

　　形势严峻，何以应对？最高人民法院、最高人民检察院和公安部日前共同发布《关于办理走私、非法买卖麻黄碱类复方制剂等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》，以最大的力度，从源头打击这类犯罪。

The grim situation，Why should？The supreme people's court、The supreme people's procuratorate, ministry of public security jointly issued recently《For smuggling about、The illegal sale of methamphetamine compound preparations criminal cases such as some issues of applicable law opinions》，With the greatest strength，Against this kind of crime from the source。

　　暴利诱惑，药品成为制毒原料 Profits temptation，Drugs such as raw material

　　这是一个长长的名单：“新康泰克”、“泰诺”、“百服咛”……这些最常见的药品，不断被犯罪分子盯上，成为制毒原料。为什么？因为它们都是麻黄碱类复方制剂，含有微量麻黄碱成分。

This is a long list：“) the new health”、“tylenol”、“Serve the barbs”......The most common drugs，Constantly to be targeting the criminals，Become toxic materials。why？Because they are of methamphetamine compound preparations，Contain traces of methamphetamine composition。

　　麻黄碱俗称麻黄素，它既是“天使”又是“魔鬼”。“天使”的一面是，麻黄碱本身具有减轻鼻粘膜充血、扩张支气管的作用，因而广泛合法用于制药领域，生产各类麻黄碱复方制剂；“魔鬼”的一面则在于，麻黄碱类物质也是制造甲基苯丙胺等合成毒品的主要原料。

Methamphetamine commonly known as ephedrine，It is not only“angel”is“The devil”。“angel”Side is，Methamphetamine itself has reduces the nasal mucosa and congestion、Expand the role of the bronchi，So widely used in pharmaceutical legal field，The production of various kinds of methamphetamine compound preparations；“The devil”Side is，Methamphetamine kind material is also making methamphetamine drug synthesis of main raw material。

　　近年来，我国的毒品犯罪仍处于高发态势，案件数量持续增长。据统计，2011年全国法院审结毒品犯罪案件69244件，比2007年的38500件增长了近80%。今年1月至5月，全国法院审结此类案件23720件，同比又上升了1.38%。在这些案件中，海洛因等传统毒品占比逐年下降，甲基苯丙胺等合成毒品的比例迅速上升，在部分地区甚至已超过海洛因成为最主要的涉案毒品。

In recent years，China's drug crime is still at the cyberworld，The case number continues to grow。According to the statistics，In 2011 the national court accepted drug cases 69244 pieces，More than 2007 in 38500 rose nearly 80%。January to may，The national court accepted such case 23720 pieces，And up 1.38% year-on-year。In these cases，Heroin and other drugs than traditional of declined year by year，The proportion of drug synthesis methamphetamine rapidly rising，In some areas has even more than heroin become the main involving drugs。

　　作为易制毒化学品，麻黄碱类物质及其单方制剂在我国受到严格管控。2009年，随着最高法院、最高检察院和公安部联合发布《关于办理制毒物品犯罪案件适用法律若干问题的意见》，非法买卖、走私麻黄碱类物质及其单方制剂的行为遭到更为严厉的打击。但在毒品犯罪产生的暴利面前，许多不法分子仍不惜以身试法。麻黄碱类物质及其单方制剂难以直接获得，他们转而就盯上了更易获取的麻黄碱类复方制剂，经过加工提炼，将其作为制毒原料。

As a precursor chemicals，Ephedrine and its prescribed preparations kind material in our country under strict control。2009 years，As the Supreme Court、The supreme procuratorate jointly issued by the ministry of public security of and《Such items for criminal cases about some issues of applicable law opinions》，Illegally trading、Smuggling of ephedrine and its prescribed preparations material actions were more severe blow。But in front of the profits generated drug crime，Many of the outlaws at still fall foul。Ephedrine and its prescribed preparations kind material to get directly，They, in turn, is pursuing are more likely to get the methamphetamine kind of compound preparations，After processing and refining，As a manufacturing materials。

　　最高法院刑五庭庭长高贵君告诉记者，麻黄碱类复方制剂是常见的非处方药，药店都能买到。“尽管国家规定一次最多只能买五盒，但犯罪分子往往雇佣多人反复购买，也有的钻空子和漏洞，直接从药品企业大量购买。”

The Supreme Court five court chief judges GaoGuiJun punishment told reporters，Methamphetamine kind of compound preparations is common over-the-counter medications，Enterprise can be bought。“Although the national regulations a most can only buy five boxes，But the criminals often hire people buy again and again，Also some loopholes and loophole，Directly from drug companies buy in large quantities。”

　　药品流入非法渠道，规模巨大 Drugs into illegal channels，Of large scale of

　　麻黄碱类复方制剂大量流入制毒渠道，正在成为毒品犯罪的一个新趋势。

Methamphetamine class compound preparations such large inflow channel，Drug crime is becoming a new trend。

　　最高法院新闻发言人孙军工介绍，当前，麻黄碱类复方制剂的流失方向主要有两个。一是直接流入制毒渠道。他透露，我国近年来查获的制造甲基苯丙胺犯罪中的制毒原料一半以上是麻黄碱类复方制剂，部分地区已形成“非法买卖麻黄碱类复方制剂→加工、提炼麻黄碱类物质→制造甲基苯丙胺”的完整产业链。二是流入制毒物品交易市场。随着司法机关对制造毒品犯罪打击力度的加大，部分犯罪分子不再直接实施制造毒品犯罪，转而利用麻黄碱类复方制剂加工、提炼出麻黄碱类物质后进行走私、贩卖。据统计，全国20多个省、市、自治区曾破获涉麻黄碱类复方制剂犯罪案件。2009年至2011年，全国缴获流入非法渠道的麻黄碱类复方制剂达120.47吨。

The Supreme Court spokesman SunJunGong introduced，The current，The loss of methamphetamine kind of compound preparations have two main direction。One is directly into such channels。He revealed，In recent years in China making methamphetamine seized more than half of the crime such material is methamphetamine kind of compound preparations，Part of the region has formed“The illegal sale of methamphetamine compound preparations and processing、Refining methamphetamine kind material, making methamphetamine”Complete industry chain of。2 it is such items into market。Along with the judicial organs manufacturing drug crimes against intensified efforts，Part of the criminals no longer direct implementation manufacturing drugs，Instead of using methamphetamine compound preparations processing、Extracts methamphetamine kind material on smuggling、selling。According to the statistics，More than 20 province、city、Autonomous regions have uncovered a methamphetamine kind of compound preparations in criminal cases。From 2009 to 2011，The national captured the channel of the illegal methamphetamine kind of compound preparations of 120.47 tons。

　　“麻黄碱类复方制剂大量流入非法渠道，不仅加剧了制造毒品和制毒物品犯罪的蔓延趋势，甚至在个别地方导致药品脱销，扰乱了正常的药品供应秩序，影响了群众正常用药。”孙军工说。

“Methamphetamine class compound preparations massive inflow illegal channels，Not only exacerbated the manufacturing drugs and manufacturing goods the spread of the crime trend，Even in some local lead to drugs out of stock，Disturb the order of drug supply，Affect the normal drug use。”SunJunGong said。

　　为防止麻黄碱类复方制剂流入非法渠道，行政主管部门采取了一系列强化监管措施。据了解，在一些地方，购买“新康泰克”等药品需要进行实名登记。也有专家建议，将麻黄碱类复方制剂纳入处方药目录，加强管理。

To prevent ephedrine kind of compound preparations into illegal channels，The competent administrative departments to take a series of measures to strengthen supervision。According to understand，In some places，buy“) the new health”Drugs such as to new registration。Experts suggest，Will of methamphetamine compound preparations into prescription drugs directory，To strengthen management。

　　“同时，对于导致麻黄碱类复方制剂流入非法渠道的犯罪行为，必须运用刑罚手段加以惩治。”孙军工说，最高法院会同最高检察院、公安部日前联合制定《关于办理走私、非法买卖麻黄碱类复方制剂等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》(简称《意见》)，就是为了进一步加大源头打击力度。

“At the same time，For the cause of methamphetamine compound preparations illegal circulation of the crime，Must use punishment method tries to punish。”SunJunGong said，The Supreme Court, jointly with the supreme procuratorate、The ministry formulated jointly a few days ago《For smuggling about、The illegal sale of methamphetamine compound preparations criminal cases such as some issues of applicable law opinions》(Referred to《opinion》)，In order to further increase the source is enforced。

　　为制毒非法买卖药品，也属犯罪 Such illegal drugs for sale，Is crime

　　麻黄碱类复方制剂性质特殊，在医药领域属于常用药品，一旦流入非法渠道又会被犯罪分子作为制毒原料加以利用。因此，《意见》制定时坚持了两条基本原则：一是依法惩治涉麻黄碱类复方制剂犯罪，遏制麻黄碱类复方制剂流入非法渠道被用于制造毒品。二是严格把握定罪的主客观要件，防止定性不当或者扩大打击面，影响群众用药方便和药品企业的合法生产、经营活动。

Methamphetamine kind of compound preparations special nature，In medical field belong to the most common medicines，Once into illegal channels and will be criminals such as raw material use。so，《opinion》Formulated to the two basic principles：One is to punish methamphetamine in such compound preparations crime，Contain ephedrine kind of compound preparations into illegal channels being used to make the drug。2 it is strictly grasp convicted subjective and objective requirement，To prevent improper or expand qualitative summarized，Influence people use convenient and drug enterprise legal production、Business activities。

　　对实践中较为突出的走私、非法买卖麻黄碱类复方制剂等行为的定性，《意见》明确：有证据证明行为人以制造毒品或者走私、非法买卖制毒物品为目的，对麻黄碱类复方制剂实施走私、非法买卖、加工提炼等行为的，分别按照制造毒品罪、走私制毒物品罪、非法买卖制毒物品罪定罪处罚。

To practice more prominent smuggling、The illegal sale of methamphetamine compound preparations of qualitative, etc，《opinion》clear：There is evidence to prove that the behavior person to manufacture drugs or smuggling、Illegal drug trade items for the purpose，Methamphetamine to such compound preparations implementation smuggling、Illegally trading、Abstraction process, etc，Respectively according to the drug manufacturing sin、Drug smuggled goods of sin、Illegal drug trade items shall be convicted and punished sin。

　　对于共同犯罪的认定范围，《意见》作出限定：明知他人利用麻黄碱类复方制剂实施毒品犯罪活动，而提供相应帮助的，才能够认定为共同犯罪。

The cognizance of the scope for a joint crime，《opinion》Make limited：Knowingly using methamphetamine kind of compound preparations implementation drug crime，And to provide corresponding help，Before it can be recognized for a joint crime。

　　对于制毒物品数量的认定，为保证量刑科学性，《意见》要求对麻黄碱类复方制剂中的麻黄碱类物质进行含量折算，并明确了定罪数量标准。例如，涉案麻黄碱类复方制剂中含麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、消旋麻黄碱及其盐类5千克以上不满50千克；含去甲麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱及其盐类10千克以上不满100千克，即构成走私制毒物品罪或非法买卖制毒物品罪。达到这些数量标准上限的，认定为刑法上的“数量大”。

The number of such items for that，To ensure the sentencing the scientific nature，《opinion》Requirements of methamphetamine to the compound preparations methamphetamine kind material for content convert，And clearly the condemned the quantity standard。For example，Involved in the compound preparations of methamphetamine containing methamphetamine、pseudoephedrine、Spin and salts away methamphetamine 5 kg and less than 50 kg；Contain to a methamphetamine、Methyl methamphetamine and its salt 10 kg but less than 100 kilograms，Such items is formed namely smuggling crimes or illegally trading sin such items。To achieve these quantity standard of the upper limit，Recognized as criminal“amount”。

　　孙军工强调：“药品企业合法生产、经营、进出口麻黄碱类复方制剂以及个人出于药用目的，购买或者携带少量麻黄碱类复方制剂进出境的，都不会被追究刑事责任。”他表示，《意见》的出台，将有力惩治涉麻黄碱类复方制剂犯罪，对从源头上打击毒品犯罪起到积极作用。(记者 王逸吟)

SunJunGong emphasize：“Pharmaceutical enterprise legal production、business、Import and export ephedrine kind of compound preparations and personal for medicinal purposes，Buy or carried a small amount of methamphetamine compound preparations of inward and outward，It will not be, be investigated for criminal responsibility。”He said，《opinion》Come on stage，Strong punishment of methamphetamine in the compound preparations crime，From the source to fight drugs have a positive role。(Reporter WangYiYin)