“舌尖上的癌症”红遍微博 “The tongue of the cancer”Before the micro bo

酒精最危险？含糖饮料最清白？看专家给你细细分说 Alcohol's most dangerous？The most innocent of sugary drinks？See specialist, he has "carefully

　　“舌尖体”已经红了一段日子，最近又一个“舌尖家族”成员红遍微博，只是这个“新成员”的名头有点吓人，因为它叫“舌尖上的癌症”。

“The tip of the tongue body”Already red for some time，Recently a“The tip of the tongue family”Before the members of the Po，Just this“New members”The title is a little scary，Because it is“The tongue of the cancer”。

　　微博上的这一张《舌尖上的癌症：那些增加或降低肿瘤风险的食物》图谱，在短短几天就被转发近千次。在图谱中，作者一共列举了近20种食物和15种癌症的关系，并且分别用红色、黄色、深蓝和浅蓝色分别显示该种食物增加或降低某种癌症风险的可能性，这其中有大家熟知的致癌风险物比如黄曲霉菌，也有一些一直以来被当成健康元素的营养素“中枪”，比如高钙饮食和β胡萝卜素就被提出，可能有致前列腺癌和肺癌的风险。

The blog of this one《The tongue of the cancer：The increase or reduce the risk of tumor food》map，In only a few days will be sent on nearly one thousand times。In the atlas of，The author's cited nearly 20 kinds of food and 15 kinds of cancer of the relationship，And with red respectively、yellow、Dark and light blue respectively show the food increase and decrease the possibility of some kind of cancer risk，There are known as the risk of cancer things such as yellow aspergillus species，Some have long been as health elements of nutrients“Shot in the”，Such as high calcium diet and beta carotene is put forward，May have prostate cancer and lung cancer risk。

　　我们拿着这张图走遍了南京4家三级医院和一所大学，采访了多位肿瘤医生和营养专家。看到这样一张图，专家们基本上都肯定了它的科学性，不过，有一些地方说的也不算严谨，得重新分析。

We take this picture around the nanjing four level 3 hospital and a university，Quizzed cancer doctors and nutrition experts。See such a figure，Experts basically all it sure scientific nature，but，There is some place of said is not precise，Back analysis。

　　闲话少说，就让我们一起“读图”，研究下这份舌尖上的肿瘤图。

Cut short，Let's“Map reading”，Under the tongue of the research tumor figure。

酒精“中枪”最严重 被指控和6种癌症关系密切 alcohol“Shot in the”The most serious charges and six cancer was closely

　　在这张肿瘤图里，红色标识的是“已确证增加肿瘤风险”，而黄色标识“可能增加风险”。这里面，最让人感到触目惊心的莫过于酒精——它被标明起码和6种癌症关系密切，分别是口腔癌、食管癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、绝经前乳腺癌和绝经后乳腺癌。

In this piece of tumor picture，Red logo is“Already confirmed increase cancer risk”，And yellow identification“May increase the risk”。there，The most let a person feel shocking than alcohol-it was marked at least 6 kinds of cancer and close relationship，Respectively is oral cancer、esophageal、Liver cancer、Colorectal cancer、Premenopausal breast cancer and post-menopausal breast cancer。

　　酒精伤肝，这个中国人都知道，但是酒精还可能增加如此之多的肿瘤风险吗？专家们说：有可能。

Alcohol hurt liver，The Chinese know that，But alcohol may also increase so many cancer risk？Experts say：may。

　　南京市第一医院肿瘤外科专家曹秀峰说，酒精对肝脏的伤害，主要发生在酒精吸收后的代谢过程里，但酒精本身就是一种刺激性很强的液体，在它从口腔进入、经过一系列消化通道的时候，创伤就已经出现。这一方面是酒精的物理刺激性，一方面则是酒精成分带来的化学刺激，两种刺激一交叠，会引起一种慢性炎症反应。“现在医学界很关注慢性炎症反应和肿瘤的关系。因为存在炎症，肌体就要修复，在修复过程中就可能出现增生。一开始还是炎性增生，这个好逆转；等到发展到异性增生特别是重度异性增生，要逆转就难了。大概2/3以上的重度异性增生是无法逆转，反而可能往肿瘤发展。”

The first hospital cancer surgery experts nanjing CaoXiuFeng said，Alcohol on the liver damage，Mainly in alcohol absorption after the metabolic processes，But alcohol itself is a kind of excitant strong liquid，In it from the mouth to enter、After a series of digestive channel，Trauma had appeared。On one hand, it is the alcohol physical irritation，On the one hand is to bring alcohol content of chemical stimulation，Two stimulate a fold over，Can cause a chronic inflammation。“Now the medical profession very concerned about chronic inflammatory reaction and tumor of the relationship。Because of the existence of inflammation，Body will repair，In the repair process may appear hyperplasia。A start or inflammatory hyperplasia，This reversal；Wait until development to the opposite sex hyperplasia especially severe hyperplasia of the opposite sex，But difficult to reverse。Probably more than two-thirds of the opposite sex is severe hyperplasia to reverse it，It may go to cancer development。”

　　南京医科大学的莫宝庆教授说，他前不久还在微博上看到有外地的医生感慨，“最近我们一个月又收治了十多个食道癌患者，都是喝酒喝的，然后因为出血来就医。”他说，酒精和肿瘤的关系还是相对比较突出的，当然，这主要是针对大量饮酒而言，况且，除了肿瘤，大量饮酒还可能增加许多疾病的风险。

Nanjing medical university professor of MoBaoQing said，He is not in a blog see have the field of doctor regrets，“Recently we were a month and more than 10 patients with esophageal cancer the，Are you drink，And then for bleeding to go to a doctor。”He said，Alcohol and tumor relationships or relatively prominent，Of course，This is mainly aimed at a large number of drinking is concerned，besides，In addition to the tumor，A large number of drinking may also increase the risk of many diseases。

　　江苏肿瘤医院研究院丁建华说，酒精导致肿瘤的风险，和个人的敏感性有关，存在一定个体差异性。“通俗来说，喝酒脸容易红的人，因为体内的基因多态性决定，更容易因为大量饮酒诱发肿瘤。所以这样绝对不是民间所谓的‘喝酒上脸代表更能喝’，反而说明这类人要更加警惕酒精增加的肿瘤风险。”

Jiangsu tumor hospital research institute DingJianHua said，Alcohol lead to cancer risks，And the sensitivity of the individual concerned，There are certain differences between individuals。“Popular for，Face is easy to drink red，Because the body genetic polymorphism of the decision，More easily because a large number of drinking induce tumor。So it is definitely not folk so-called‘Drink more can drink face representative’，But that this kind of person to more aware of alcohol increases the risk of cancer。”

高盐饮食也会致癌 但鼻咽癌其实不是重头戏 High salt diet will also cause cancer but nasopharyngeal carcinoma is not grand opera

　　高盐饮食和高血压的关系大家都听说过，但高盐饮食和肿瘤的风险也被专门提出。

High salt diet and high blood pressure relationship we all heard about，But high salt diet and cancer risk was also put forward special。

　　在“舌尖上的癌症”中，高盐饮食包括两类，“广式咸鱼”和“盐、咸食”，前者被指增加鼻咽癌风险，后者则是可能增加胃癌的风险。

in“The tongue of the cancer”in，High salt diet includes two kinds，“Wide type salted fish”and“salt、Salty food”，The former is refers to increase risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma，The latter may increase the risk of stomach cancer。

　　广式咸鱼和一般咸鱼制作方法有点区别，它有一个发霉变质的过程，所以是一种特殊的“霉香咸鱼”。科学家在用这种咸鱼喂养大鼠所做的实验中发现，大鼠鼻腔及鼻旁窦癌发生率增加，且是吃得愈多，发生癌症的几率也愈高。含有很高的N-二甲基亚硝胺和N-二乙基亚硝胺，在进一步的模拟实验中也证实，含上述亚硝胺的咸鱼可导致细胞突变；另一个导致鼻咽癌高发的原因是咸鱼中存在一些可以活化EB病毒的化学物质，而感染EB病毒又是世界公认的可以引起鼻咽癌细胞增生的活化剂。

Wide type salted fish and general method of making a little difference between salted fish，It has a gone mouldy process，So is a special kind of“Mildew sweet salted fish”。Scientists in the rats with salted fish feeding make the experiment of discovery，Rats nasal and sinuses cancer incidence increased，And the more is to eat，Cancer are more likely high。Contain very high N-two methyl nitrosamines and N-diethyl nitrosamines，In advance of the simulation experiment also confirmed，With the above nitrosamines salted fish can lead to cell mutation；Another cause the cause of high rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is salted fish has some can activate EB virus chemical，And infection virus is the world recognized EB can cause as an activator of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell hyperplasia。

　　不过，鼻咽癌终究不是高盐饮食引发肿瘤的“重头戏”。曹秀峰说，“广式咸鱼多见于两广地区，当地本身鼻咽癌发病率就相对较高，主要还是与EB病毒感染有关。在江南一带爱吃的咸鱼属于腌渍类食物，这些和其他高盐饮食主要还是和胃癌关系更密切。”

but，Nasopharyngeal carcinoma after all is not high salt diet cause cancer“Grand opera”。CaoXiuFeng said，“Wide type salted fish in areas of guangdong，Local itself is relatively high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma，Main or and EB virus infection is concerned。In jiangnan area to love to eat salted fish belongs to the pickled kind of food，These and other high salt diet is main or and stomach cancer more closely related。”

　　莫宝庆说，一个高盐饮食的人不仅容易血压飙升，由于大量钠离子摄入会改变人体的局部渗透压，可能导致细胞坏死。为了修复这些受损部位，细胞会出现代偿性增生，在这个过程中癌变的风险就高了。而在这个过程中，胃首当其冲成为”受害人“。

MoBaoQing said，A high salt diet not only easy to blood pressure surge，Because of sodium intake is to change human body of local osmotic pressure，May cause cell death。In order to repair the damage，Cells can appear decompensated hyperplasia，In the process of the risk that the cancer is higher。And in the process，The brunt become stomach”The victim“。

　　“另外，腌渍类食物里还容易产生亚硝酸盐，而亚硝酸盐和消化道肿瘤的风险是得到公认的。”江苏省人民医院营养科专家李群教授补充。

“In addition，Pickled kind food is easy to produce the nitrite，And nitrite and gastrointestinal cancer risk is recognized。”Jiangsu province people's hospital, professor of nutrition experts lie groups added。

“健康元素”也“中枪” 胡萝卜素被疑增加肺癌风险 “Health elements”also“Shot in the” Carotene suspected increase the risk of lung cancer

　　在其他相关危险因素里，黄曲霉素与肝癌风险、红肉/加工肉类与结直肠癌风险、含砷饮用水与肺癌风险之间的联系，都算不上新闻。莫宝庆说，黄曲霉素多见于霉变食物中，和肝癌的风险在医学界基本已成定论；红肉和加工肉类本身并不是不能吃，但如果在膳食不平衡的模式下大量食用，确实会增加结直肠癌的风险；含砷饮用水因为其中的砷元素也会对人体带来危害，不过更突出表现在皮肤癌上，而不是图表里的肺癌。

In other related risk factors，Aflatoxin and liver cancer risk、Red meat/processed meat and colorectal cancer risk、Drinking water and arsenic the contact between the risk of lung cancer，Is not news。MoBaoQing said，Aflatoxin in mildew in food，And the risk of liver cancer in the medical profession basic has nothing concrete；Red meat and processed meat itself is not can't eat，But if, in food of the imbalance of eating plenty of mode，Does increase the risk of colorectal cancer；Arsenic drinking water as one of the arsenic elements to the human body will also do harm，But the more outstanding performance in skin cancer，Not the charts in lung cancer。

　　可让网友高呼伤不起的，却是一些被认为有益的营养素和健康的饮食模式，也在图表中“中枪”，例如高钙饮食和前列腺癌，β胡萝卜素与肺癌之间，也被指出存在密切联系。

Can let netizen chanted can hurt，But some think beneficial nutrients and healthy eating pattern，Also in the chart“Shot in the”，Such as high calcium diet and prostate cancer，Beta carotene and between lung cancer，Also been pointed out that there is a close contact。

　　“β胡萝卜素可能增加肺癌的风险，这个现象是有的。”莫宝庆说，当时这个研究是为了看一下补充β胡萝卜素能不能降低消化道肿瘤的风险，结果最后意外发现，消化道肿瘤风险降低了，可肺癌肿瘤风险却增加了。另外，高钙饮食和前列腺癌，也有一些文献报道曾经提及。

“Beta carotene may increase the risk of lung cancer，This phenomenon is some。”MoBaoQing said，At the time, the research is to see added beta carotene can reduce the risk of gastrointestinal tumors，The result surprised at last，Gastrointestinal cancer risk reduction，Can actually increased the risk of lung cancer tumors。In addition，High calcium diet and prostate cancer，Some reports in the literature ever mentioned。

　　“其实这些风险都有一个前提，就是摄入可能超量了。”李群分析，“应该说，在饮食里摄入足够的钙质和维生素——比如β胡萝卜素，对于人体还是利大于弊的，尤其是现代城市人的饮食模式，决定许多人可能存在钙质摄入不足，或者维生素摄入不足。但是任何营养素一旦超量，也都可能会带来一定不良影响。所以对于这些元素，市民、网友看了倒不用觉得‘伤不起’，因为正常摄入量下，它并没有想象中的那么危险。”

“Actually these risk there is a prerequisite，Excessive intake is possible。”Lie groups analysis，“Should say，In the food intake enough calcium and vitamin-such as beta carotene，For the human body or not do more harm than good，Especially the modern city people's eating patterns，Decided to many people there may be inadequate intake of calcium，Or vitamin inadequate intake。But any excess nutrients once，Also can have certain adverse effects。So for these elements，citizens、Net friend saw pour don't think‘Doesn't hurt’，Because under normal intake，It and no imagination of so dangerous。”

“抗癌食物”也别敞开吃 膳食纤维有些患者就不能吃 “Anti-cancer food”Don't open eat dietary fiber some patients can't eat

　　至于大家所熟悉的健康膳食模式，比如适当进食葱蒜、多摄入膳食纤维、多吃蔬菜水果(特别是绿叶蔬菜)，都被归入“降低肿瘤风险”的范畴，特别是番茄、含叶酸食物和含硒食物。对此，李群说，“这些食物确实公认有益，但即便有益的食物也不是能敞开无限吃的，终究要看不同人群来确定。”

As for we are familiar with the health dietary patterns，Such as appropriate eating onion garlic、Many dietary fiber intake、Eat more fruits and vegetables(Especially green leafy vegetables)，Are classified as“Lower cancer risk”category，Especially tomato、Contain folic acid food and food containing selenium。this，Lie groups said，“These food really recognized beneficial，But even if the beneficial food also is not to open the infinite eat，Will ultimately see different people will decide。”

　　比如摄入丰富的膳食纤维改善肠道功能，降低肠道肿瘤风险，这点医学界基本都赞同。但是有些人群，比如有一些慢性肠道炎症的患者，过多摄入膳食纤维可能增加肠蠕动，结果让这些患者腹泻更加严重。

Such as intake of dietary fiber rich improve bowel function，Lower intestinal cancer risk，This medicine basic agree with。But some people，For example, there are some chronic intestinal inflammation of the patients，Excessive intake of dietary fiber may increase a bowel peristalsis，The results make these patients diarrhea is more serious。

　　另外，图谱上显示叶酸食物可能降低胰腺癌风险，含硒食物能降低前列腺癌风险，可要是一味过量去吃富含叶酸和硒的保健品也不好。“这类食品通过日常饮食就能补充，天然的食物补充对人体更好。国外就有研究指出，虽然多吃富含叶酸的食物能降低胰腺癌风险，但服用叶酸药片却起不到预防的作用。”莫宝庆说，其实只要多吃深绿色叶菜、十字花科蔬菜(如花菜、西兰花等)、柑橘类、豆类(如扁豆、蚕豆、豌豆等)、全谷类食物等，就能摄入足够的叶酸，而含硒丰富的食物包括海鲜、蘑菇、鸡蛋、大蒜、银杏等，我们完全可以从饮食中获取。

In addition，The map shows folic acid may lower the risk of pancreatic cancer food，Food containing selenium can reduce the risk of prostate cancer，But if blindly excessive to eat folic acid in and selenium health products is not good。“This kind of food through the daily diet can be added，Natural food added to the body better。Foreign have study，Although eat the food of the folic acid in can reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer，But taking folic acid tablets but not a preventive role。”MoBaoQing said，In fact as long as eat dark green leafy vegetables、Cruciferous vegetables(Such as cauliflower、Broccoli, etc)、citrus、beans(Such as lentils、Fava beans、peas)、Whole grains, etc，Can eating enough folic acid，And the rich containing selenium food including seafood、mushrooms、eggs、garlic、Ginkgo, etc，We can gain from diet。

含糖饮料不“清白” →肥胖→肿瘤 Sugary drinks don't“innocent” -obesity-tumors

　　在这张图谱中，含糖饮料可谓“身家清白”，与15种癌症没有任何联系。可在专家眼中，它们并没有那么清白。

In this piece of map，It may be said of sugary drinks“Targeted innocent”，And 15 kinds of cancer without any link。But experts in sight，They are not so innocent。

　　“含糖饮料本身还好，但现代人却存在一个问题：能量摄入不均衡，热量过高。在这种情况下，含糖饮料摄入多了，可能增加肥胖的发生风险，而肥胖和肿瘤之间就不那么‘清白’了。”李群说。

“Sugary drinks itself is good，But modern but there is a problem：Energy intake is unbalanced，High quantity of heat。In this case，Intake of sugary drinks，May increase the risk of obesity，And between obesity and tumor is not so‘innocent’the。”Lie groups said。

　　江苏省中西医结合医院内分泌科专家刘超教授曾经在临床发现，许多肥胖、有2型糖尿病的患者，同时也是肿瘤的高发人群，这其中以消化道肿瘤最为多见。在这张图表里，肥胖也被“指控”和7类肿瘤相关，目前已知能增加食管癌、胰腺癌、肝癌、绝经后乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌和肾癌的风险，还可能增加胆囊癌的发生。

Jiangsu province of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine hospital endocrine family professor liu chao experts once in clinical findings，Many obese、Type 2 diabetes patients，At the same time also is cancer incidence crowd，This among them with the most frequent gastrointestinal tumors。In the chart，Obesity was also“accused”And seven categories tumor related，Present known esophageal can increase、Pancreatic cancer、Liver cancer、Post-menopausal breast cancer、Endometrial cancer and kidney cancer risk，Also may increase the happening of the gallbladder。

　　所以，含糖饮料就算本身“无罪”，如果导致肥胖，那么就可能间接“有罪”。(通讯员 张子青 胥林花 罗鑫 吴倪娜 记者 朱菁菁)

so，Sugary drinks even if itself“innocent”，If obesity，It can indirectly“guilty”。(ZhangZiQing XuLin spend LuoXin WuNi correspondent, ZhuJingJing reporters)