西瓜不甜引出对滥用化学激素的质疑 Watermelon not sweet leads to abuse of questions about the chemical hormone

一个“催”字伤了瓜市 a“push”Words hurt melon city

　　往年盛夏，南京人一天能“啃”掉来自全国各地近800吨西瓜；如今，这个数字已大不如前。不少市民抱怨，西瓜不甜不说，有时候还有一股说不出的怪味，只好不买或少买。

Ever midsummer，Nanjing, one a day“chew”Away from around the country of nearly 800 tons of watermelon；now，That number has not as good as before。Many city residents complain that，Watermelon not sweet not say，Sometimes a stream of unspeakable odor，Had to not buy or less to buy。

　　西瓜为什么不甜了呢？省农科院专家一针见血地指出，对西瓜经济效益的过度追求导致各类激素、化肥的滥用，催熟催红催大的西瓜让人们胃口大减。

Watermelon why not sweet？Provincial academy's point that experts，The economic benefits of watermelon in pursuit of all kinds of excessive hormones、Abuse of chemical fertilizer，Reminders of the big red berries urged the watermelon let people reduce appetite is big。

“甜沙瓤”成了甜蜜回忆 “Sweet ShaRang”Became sweet memory

　　7月10日，江宁区秣陵街道的刘卫华给孩子买了个外表非常养眼的西瓜，可孩子说吃起来一点都不甜。

July 10,，Incoming fire has the ling jiangning district to children LiuWeiHua street bought a looks very seductive watermelon，The children didn't eat up said sweet。

　　在上世纪80年代，夏天南京街头的西瓜“苏蜜一号”主打天下，很多老南京人对它情有独钟。据了解，“苏蜜一号”西瓜品种是1979年由省农科院培育出来的，品质好、含糖量高、口感好，俗称“甜沙瓤”。当时，整个长江中下游大面积培植“苏蜜一号”。不过，这种瓜虽然口感极好，但缺点也不容忽视：产量不高，一亩地只产1000-1500公斤；抗病性也不强，容易发生病害。1993年左右，随着外地亩产达2000公斤、抗病性也强的“京欣一号”入市，“苏蜜一号”渐被淘汰。

In the 1980 s，The summer of nanjing street watermelon“SuMi a number”Advocate hit the world，Many old nanjing people have a special liking to it。According to understand，“SuMi a number”Watermelon variety is 1979 by provincial academy of cultivated，Good quality、High sugar content、Good tasting，Commonly known as“Sweet ShaRang”。At that time，The whole of the middle and lower Yangtze cultivated large area“SuMi a number”。but，The melon although taste very good，But the shortcoming also nots allow to ignore：Yield is not high，One mu of land only produce 1000 to 1500 kilograms；Resistance is not strong，Vulnerable to disease。1993 years，With nonlocal 2000 kilograms per、Also strong resistance“Beijing hin, a”entry，“SuMi a number”Gradually be eliminated。

　　省农科院蔬菜研究所研究员羊杏平说，西瓜分小果型、中果型和大果型三种。“苏蜜一号”和“京欣一号”西瓜都是中果型的西瓜，个重在3至5公斤。现在，南京地区种植的中果型西瓜多为“京欣一号”，而“苏蜜一号”虽有零星种植，但比重连1%都不到，南京市民几乎吃不到了。

Provincial academy researcher at the institute of vegetables sheep apricot ping said，Watermelon points small fruit type、Fruit type and big fruit in type 3 kinds。“SuMi a number”and“Beijing hin, a”Watermelon is the fruit of the type of watermelon，A 3 to 5 kilograms on。now，Nanjing area of planting in fruit watermelons type for“Beijing hin, a”，and“SuMi a number”Although sporadic farming，But even less than 1% proportion，Nanjing citizens almost eat not to。

甜不甜，多种因素决定 Sweet not sweet，A variety of factors

　　“西瓜的甜度主要和其糖分积累有关系，而影响糖分积累的因素是昼夜温差和光照。”江宁区横溪街道农业服务中心农艺师徐颂涛说。7月之前是头茬瓜，日照、土壤的养分最充足，生长的条件最好，自然口味也最佳。而二茬瓜是在头茬瓜的瓜藤被剪掉以后重新生长，生长期经历梅雨季节，湿度大，昼夜温差不大，不利于西瓜糖分的积累，这才造成二茬瓜的口味偏淡，水分虽多但口味不甜。

“The main and the sweetness of watermelon sugar accumulation have relations，And influence factors of sugar accumulation is light and temperature between day and night。”HengXi street jiangning district agricultural service center agricultural XuSongTao said。Before July is TouCha melon，sunshine、The most adequate soil nutrient，The best growth conditions，Nature is the best taste。But two chi melon is in TouCha melon was shorn of vines grew back later，Growth period experience the rainy season，Humidity is big，Temperature between day and night, not，Against the accumulation of watermelon sugar，This makes two of the taste of the partial light crop melon，Water is much but not sweet taste。

　　“气候因素是一个方面，产地、土壤也很关键。”中科院南京土壤研究所副教授王辉说。江宁横溪和东台市多年注重西瓜科研，大量采用鸡粪、豆饼施肥种瓜，这两地的瓜口感甜美、水分充盈，代表江苏西瓜的水平。而目前，南京市场的西瓜主要来自安徽和山东等地，瓜农为抢早入市，多在七八成熟时就采摘，而西瓜的最佳采摘时机是九成熟。此外，长途运输也往往会使新鲜度大打折扣。这些都是西瓜不甜的原因。

“Climate factors is an aspect，origin、The soil is the key。”Nanjing institute of the Chinese academy of sciences, an associate professor WangHui soil said。HengXi and dongtai years jiangning pays attention to watermelon scientific research，Adopt a large number of chicken、DouBing fertilization kind of melon，The two melons taste sweet、Filled with water，Represents the level of jiangsu watermelon。And the，Nanjing market mainly from anhui and shandong watermelon, etc，For rob offered early market，In seven more than eighty percent when mature will gather，And the best time is watermelon picking nine mature。In addition，Long distance transport also tend to make freshness to sell at a discount greatly。These are not the cause of the sweet watermelons。

　　“外地一些瓜农过于看中高产和季节，很多大户采用了西瓜苗嫁接葫芦苗的技术，长出来的西瓜抗病害力强、个头大、产量高，致命的缺点就是不甜。”东台农业技术服务公司推广部部长徐子敬说。用南瓜秧的长得快、结得多，抗寒抗病，零度都能生长；葫芦接的不抗病，也耐低温，吸肥力仅次于南瓜，口味比南瓜接的好。

“Some outside offered too high yield and fancy season，Many large used the watermelon seedlings grafting gourd seedling technique，Long out of strong power resistance against the watermelon、a、High output，Fatal weakness is not sweet。”Dongtai agricultural technology service company department minister XuZiJing said。In the south GuaYang grow fast、"More，Cold resistance，Zero can grow；Hoist the disease by not，Also low temperature resistance，After the pumpkin suction fertility，Flavours than pumpkins good catch。

　　西瓜越来越不甜，还有一个“病根”就出在大棚上。专家们说，随着大棚使用年限增加，土壤会出现“营养过剩”，导致作物“富营养化”，抗病能力降低。同时，由于大棚栽培常年封闭，导致土壤盐化加重，西瓜不能很好地进行光合作用，长大后吃起来没味道。

Watermelon more and not sweet，There is a“At the source of the trouble”Out on the tent。Experts say，Along with the canopy use fixed number of year to increase，Soil will appear“Nutrition surplus”，Caused by crop“eutrophication”，Resistance to reduce。At the same time，Due to the perennial closed trellis cultivation，Lead to soil salinization heavier，Watermelon can not very well for photosynthesis，Grew up eating up didn't taste。

催熟催红催大，好看不好吃 Push the red berries urged the big，Good-looking isn't good

　　近年来，西瓜使用“膨大剂”、出现“爆炸瓜”，让不少人对西瓜的质量及食用安全产生动摇。调查表明，由于种植方式改变，越来越多传统瓜果好看不好吃，甚至沦落为低营养食品。

In recent years，Watermelon use“Expands the agent”、appear“Explosion melon”，Let many people of quality and safe to eat watermelon doubts。Survey shows that the，Due to the change of plantation，More and more traditional melon and fruit good is not good，Even reduced to low nutrition food。

　　记者近日赴兴化市临城镇小江北生态庄园采访时，董事长徐风桂随手从地里采来一只西瓜剖开，瓜瓤呈粉红色、子很少，但一个个黑亮饱实。尝了一片，果然鲜香脆甜。“这瓜叫8424，是全国闻名的彭氏西瓜公司培植的，庄园去年引进种植。”徐风桂说，为保证西瓜的天然品质，庄园在生产中采用发酵的鸡粪作基肥，不使用任何甜蜜素、催熟素、膨大素。

Recently, reporters to XingHuaShi LinChengZhen small jiangbei ecological manor in an interview，The chairman XuFeng guangxi from the ground with a watermelon wanderer ripped open，Melons are pink flesh、Son rarely，But a black bright full reality。Taste a piece of，Fresh crisp and sweet。“This melon call 8424，Is the national famous PengShi watermelon company cultivating，Manor introduced last year grow。”XuFeng Gregory said，To ensure the quality of natural watermelon，Manor in production in the fermentation of the application for chicken，Don't use any sweet grain、Ripened grain、PengDaSu。

　　产业化、科技化是农业发展的根本之路，但如何走好这条路，不能光靠单个农民的自我觉悟，政府部门应加以引导。不少果农、菜农由于经济利益的驱使，打破了传统农家肥为基础、化肥为辅的施肥方式，使土壤盐碱化，出现板结、退化，不利于果菜营养物质的吸收。

industrialization、Technology is the basic way of agricultural development，But how to walk this road，Can't just single farmer's self-realization，The government should try to guide。Many varieties、Farmers are due to the economic interests of the drive，Break the traditional farm manure by as the foundation、Supplemented by way of chemical fertilizer fertilization，Soil salinization，Appear harden、degradation，Against fruit nutrient absorption。

　　更令人无法容忍的是，一些人在果菜生长期大量喷施催熟剂，有的干脆把果菜摘回家里焐，或在水中浸泡，导致果菜早熟。羊杏平告诉记者，目前流行的反季节果蔬，在一定程度上解决了食品短缺，但其营养价值的变化也是不可避免的。大量使用催熟剂、催红剂、膨胀剂等化学激素，其实就是改变了果蔬的生长环境，也改变了它们的品质。(记者 吴剑飞 赵晓勇)

More intolerable，Some people in the fruit growth period of spraying theripener，Some simply to pick the fruit in the home Wu，Or soak in the tub，Lead to premature liberalization。Sheep apricot flat told reporters，Currently popular anti-season fruits and vegetables，To a certain extent to solve the shortage of food，But its nutritional value change is inevitable。The use of accelerating ripening agent、Push red agent、Expansion agent chemical hormone，In fact is changed the growth of fruit and vegetable environment，Also changed their quality。(Reporter WuJianFei ZhaoXiaoYong)