“炭疽”究竟是一种什么病毒？哪些人是易感人群？普通市民又该如何防护……昨天下午，记者专门采访了市疾控中心流行病防治所所长张世勇。

“anthrax”What is the virus？What man is easy feeling crowd？Ordinary citizens and how to guard...Yesterday afternoon，Reporter specially interviewed the city CDC epidemiological dispensary director ZhangShiYong。

人畜共患的急性传染病 With both human beings and livestock of acute infectious disease

　　张世勇说，炭疽是由炭疽杆菌引起的一种人畜共患的急性传染病。通常本病主要发生在畜间，以牛、羊、马等草食动物最为多见，人患本病多是由于接触病畜或染菌皮毛等所致，主要发生于牧民及与皮毛、肉食、畜产等职业有关的人群。“炭疽”因感染发病后可使皮肤发生黑色损伤而得名。石市曾于2007年发生过皮肤炭疽疫情。

ZhangShiYong said，Anthrax is by the bacillus anthracis causes a with both human beings and livestock of acute infectious disease。Usually the disease mainly in between livestock，To cattle、sheep、The horse etc herbivore most see more，People suffer from the disease is due to contact with infected animals or dye bacteria caused by fur, etc，Mainly in nomads and fur、meat、Livestock, etc the crowd。“anthrax”For infection incidence after can make the skin black injury happened gets its name。Stone city in 2007 had skin anthrax outbreak。

炭疽的传染源有哪些？ What are the main source for the spread of anthrax？

　　炭疽的传染源是患炭疽病的草食动物，包括家畜和野生动物。最易感的小家畜是绵羊和山羊，以及牛、鹿和马等。羊一经感染，常为闪电型突然死亡，多死于败血症。病死动物的血液和尸体中含有大量炭疽芽胞杆菌，因此未经任何消毒处理的尸体是非常危险的传染源。被炭疽芽胞杆菌污染的土壤和水草也是引起家畜和野生动物发病的直接来源。同时严重污染的地区，炭疽芽胞杆菌可随风尘和水流而造成扩散，从而引起动物和人间散在病例的发生。

The source of infection of anthrax is a anthrax herbivore，Including livestock and wild animals。The most susceptible runt is sheep and goats，And cattle、Deer and the horse, etc。Sheep once infection，Often for lightning type sudden death，Many died of sepsis。Ill animal's blood and body contains a lot of anthrax bacillus，So without any disinfects processing body is very dangerous source of infection。Be anthrax bacillus contamination of soil and aquatic plants is also cause livestock and wild animals the direct source of the disease。At the same time, serious pollution area，Anthrax bacillus and water with a dusty caused by diffusion，Thus cause animals and human scattered in the case。

人间炭疽的来源及感染途径有哪些？ The source of human anthrax infection and what are the way？

　　人间炭疽来源主要是：直接接触如解剖、剥食因炭疽死亡的动物或患病动物；误食因得炭疽而病死的畜肉类；吸入炭疽芽胞的气溶胶以及施放炭疽芽胞杆菌等细菌制剂等而感染。

Human is the main source of anthrax：Direct contact with such as anatomy、Peel food for anthrax dead animals or sick animals；Eat with anthrax and dead livestock meat；Inhalation anthrax spore of aerosol and cast anthrax bacillus bacteria preparation, etc and infection。

　　炭疽的感染途径主要有三种：一是经皮肤感染，即炭疽杆菌通过被切开或破损的皮肤进入人体内导致感染，这种传播形式占炭疽病例总数的95%左右。二是经消化道感染，即食用炭疽病畜或被炭疽芽胞杆菌污染的未煮熟的肉类或带有炭疽杆菌的其他食物、水等而感染。三是经呼吸道感染，即吸入含有炭疽芽胞的空气或带有芽胞的尘埃粒子而感染，这一途径也是最为危险的感染途径和传播方式。

Anthrax infection ways mainly have three：One is the skin infections，Namely bacillus anthracis by incision or damaged skin to enter the body lead to infection，This kind of communication forms of anthrax cases accounted for around 95% of the total。The second is the infection of the digestive tract，That is edible anthracnose livestock or anthrax bacillus pollution undercooked meat or with bacillus anthracis other food、Water and infection。The third is the respiratory tract infection，Namely suction contains anthrax basidiospore air or with a basidiospore dust particles and infection，This way is also the most dangerous infection way and mode of transmission。

皮肤炭疽有哪些症状？ What are the symptoms of skin anthrax？

　　皮肤炭疽的潜伏期长短不一，一般为3—5天，亦有短至数小时或长达十余天者。常发生于人体暴露部位，特别是面颈部或手前臂，多为单发，初发为红色小丘疹或水疱，1～2天后变为紫红色血疱或脓疱，疱破形成凹陷性坏死性溃疡，结碳末样黑痂，基底部呈暗红色坏疽，周围红肿明显但不疼痛，仅有微痒，1～2周后痂脱，愈后留有瘢痕。伴有轻重不等的全身症状，重症者可有高热、呕吐、全身不适及全身中毒症状。中毒症状严重者可引起败血症和脑膜炎，于数天内死亡。

Skin anthrax latency period of different length，General for 3 to 5 days，Also have short to a few hours or as long as more than 10 days person。Often occur in the human body exposed parts，Especially face and neck hand or forearm，More for single，Incipient for little red papules or blister，1 ~ 2 days into purple red blood blister or pustule，Blister broken formation pitting necrotic ulcers，"At the end of the carbon sample black scab，Basal part is dark red gangrene，Red around obviously but not pain，Only micro itch，1 ~ 2 weeks after take off the scab，After the leave scar。Accompanied by weight unequal systemic symptom，Severe person can have high fever、vomiting、General malaise and systemic poisoning symptoms。Poisoning symptoms can cause serious sepsis and meningitis，In a few days of life。

炭疽病人的处理原则是什么？ Anthrax patient treatment principle is what？

　　一是隔离。炭疽病人特别是肺炭疽患者从做出疑似诊断时起，即应隔离治疗。原则上应就地隔离，避免长距离运送病人。

One is the isolation。Anthrax patients, especially in patients with suspected pulmonary anthrax from make the diagnosis，That should be treated in isolation。In principle should in situ isolation，Avoid long distance transport the patient。

　　二是治疗。治疗开始前，首先采取标本以备确定诊断之用。以抗生素治疗为基础，同时采取以抗休克、抗DIC为主的疗法，并根据情况辅以适当的对症治疗措施。

The second is the treatment。Before the start of treatment，First take specimen for the definite diagnosis with。To antibiotic treatment as the foundation，At the same time take to resistance to shock、DIC resistance mainly therapy，According to the circumstances and with appropriate symptomatic treatment measures。

　　三是对被病人污染环境的消毒处理。病人的废弃物品必须焚毁，其他所有受到污染的物品也要尽可能焚毁。污染的环境和不能焚毁的物品要采用有效的方法进行消毒。病人出院或死亡后，病人所处的环境应进行终末消毒。

Three is to be patient environmental pollution disinfection treatment。The patient's discarded items must be burned down，All other of contaminated items will burn as far as possible。Pollution of the environment and cannot burn the items to make use of the effective methods for disinfection。The patient discharge or after death，The patient surroundings should carry on the terminal disinfection。

　如何预防和处理炭疽疫情？ How to prevent and deal with anthrax outbreak？

　　预防炭疽疫情首先要加强个人防护，个人在接触可疑动物或物品时，要注意采取一定的防护措施，如戴口罩、穿胶鞋等。其次如果发现可疑炭疽邮寄品等，要及时报告有关部门，请专业人员处理或密封后交有关部门鉴定。另外，发生炭疽疫情后，应立即采取紧急措施，对被污染的环境给予消毒处理。流行区的敏感动物和易感人群应进行预防接种。(记者 王凤伟 实习生 崔洁 ）

Prevent anthrax outbreaks must first strengthen personal protection，People in contact with animal or suspicious objects，Attention should be paid to take some protective measures，Such as wear a face mask、Wear rubber shoes, etc。Secondly if found suspicious mail goods such as anthrax，Should promptly report to the relevant departments，Please professional personnel handling or seal after the identification of the relevant departments。In addition，Anthrax outbreaks occur after，Shall immediately take emergency measures，The pollution of the environment to give disinfection treatment。The popular sensitive animals and easy feeling crowd should be vaccinated。(Reporter WangFengWei interns CuiJie ）