如何构建慢性病防治体系，提高慢性病规范化治疗等诸多问题的解决已迫在眉睫。北京市卫生局疾控处副处长杜红表示，北京市正在编制北京市中小学生健康指引，预计明年初发放到全市中小学校内。市卫生局还计划建立一个“E网通”，打造一个由权威医疗机构提供信息的健康教育平台。

How to construct a chronic disease prevention and control system,Improve the standardization of chronic disease treatment and so on many problem solving is imminent.The municipal bureau of health for disease control, deputy director of the place DuGong said,Beijing is compiling the Beijing primary and middle school students health guidelines,Early next year is expected to extend to the whole city middle and primary school campus.The municipal bureau of health, also plans to establish a"E netcom",Build a medical institution by the authority of the information it provides health education platform.

　　□防控体系 - prevention and control system

　　健康教育最为重要 Health education is the most important

　　京华时报：近年来，全国范围内慢性病的发病有异军突起之势，北京的情况怎么样？

Jinghua times:In recent years,A nationwide the pathogenesis of chronic diseases have rise of the trend,Beijing's situation?

　　杜红：陈竺部长用“井喷”来形容目前慢性病的发病情况，确实如此。2011年，本市户籍居民死因排前三位的是恶性肿瘤、心血管病和脑血管病，占到全部死亡的73%。如果想实现期望寿命再提高一岁的目标，必须从慢性病的防控上下工夫。

DuGong:Minister Outlines with"blowout"To describe the pathogenesis of chronic diseases at present situation,indeed.In 2011,,The registered permanent residence of this municipality death row residents are the three malignant tumor/Cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease,Account for 73% of all deaths.If you want to realize life expectancy to improve the goal of a year,Must from chronic disease prevention and control of the upper and lower time.

　　京华时报：目前，本市慢性病的防控体系是否健全？

Jinghua times:At present,The city of chronic disease prevention and control system is perfect?

　　杜红：目前，北京市运用三级预防的防控原则，对不同人群进行分层管理和干预。一级预防是指对健康人群的健康教育、普及防病知识；二级预防是对高危人群进行筛查，因为随着年龄的增长，发病率也在上升，比如我们开展的脑卒中筛查和即将在某些社区进行的包括肺癌、大肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、肝癌五个癌种每年5万人的筛查，旨在早发现、早诊断、早治疗；三级预防，即对慢性病患者的随访和追踪，减缓病症，控制病情。

DuGong:At present,Beijing use tertiary prevention principle of prevention and control,People of different hierarchical management and intervention.Primary prevention refers to the health of people's health education/Prevention knowledge popularization;Secondary prevention is a high-risk group screening,Because of the growth as the age,Incidence of a disease is also on the rise,For example we carry out brain stroke screening and is in some community including lung cancer/Colorectal cancer/Gastric cancer/Breast cancer/Liver cancer five cancer each year 50000 people of screening,Aims to early detection/Early diagnosis/Early treatment;Tertiary prevention,That is a chronic illness to follow-up and tracking,Slow disease,Control condition.

　　京华时报：目前，这三级预防中，哪项工作最重要？

Jinghua times:At present,In the tertiary prevention,Which is the most important work?

　　杜红：大众的健康教育尤为重要，因为目前慢性病尚未引起公众的高度关注，得了病有什么后果多数人都不知道，怎么吃健康，每天运动多少健康等等。

DuGong:The public health education is particularly important,Because the current chronic disease has not attract public attention,What are the consequences disease most people don't know,How to eat healthy,Exercise every day how much health and so on.

　　京华时报：在三级预防体系中，基层卫生服务机构是否有能力起到健康守门人作用？

Jinghua times:In the tertiary prevention system,Basic health service agencies whether has the ability to play a role of health the gatekeeper?

　　杜红：社区卫生服务机构是我们慢性病防控体系的网底，他们离居民最近、最易掌握和跟踪居民的病情变化，他们可以帮助居民将慢性病管控好。我们已经启动了对社区全科医生的专业化培训计划，通过培训提高医生对慢性病的干预和用药。比如就戒烟培训而言，我们将开展社区医生的简短戒烟技术的培训，对不吸烟的患者，社区医生需要进行不少于1分钟的吸烟危害介绍；而对吸烟者，需不少于三分钟的劝诫服务。相比于大医院人满为患的各个诊室而言，社区医生更能做到慢性病知识的普及。

DuGong:Community health service is our chronic disease prevention and control system of the WangDe,They from residents recently/The most easy to master and tracking residents's condition changes,They can help residents will chronic disease control well.We have started to the community general practitioners professional training plan,Through the training to improve the doctor of chronic disease intervention and medicine.For instance, to give up smoking for training,We will carry out community doctor's brief quit smoking technology training,To the smoking patients,Community doctors need to no less than 1 minute smoking hazard is introduced;For smokers,Should be not less than three minutes of preaching service.Compared to the large hospital packed each in clinic,Community doctor could do more chronic disease knowledge popularization.

　　□公众生活 - public life

　　年龄最小糖尿病患者才9岁 The minimum age diabetes only nine years old

　　京华时报：从公众而言，哪些因素间接导致了慢性病的发生？

Jinghua times:From the public in,What factors indirectly led to the occurrence of chronic diseases?

　　杜红：外出就餐、喜食高油高盐高热量的食物、运动量少、吸烟率居高不下等因素都是目前居民生活中慢性病患病危险因素，比如居民目前人均盐和油日均摄入量为13克和50克左右，超出世卫组织建议的6克和25克近一倍。所以，下一步，除了推广宣传健康知识外，我们也将动员更多企事业单位打造健康食堂和健康餐厅，从每日一顿的工作餐开始，培养居民们的“淡口味”。

DuGong:Dining out/Like to eat high oil high salt high heat food/Amount of exercise less/Factors such as high smoking rate is the present household life of chronic disease risk factors,At present such as residents per capita salt and oil daily intake for 13 grams and 50 grams left and right sides,Beyond the W.H.O. suggested 6 grams and 25 grams nearly doubled.so,The next step,In addition to the promotion of health knowledge,We will mobilize more enterprises and institutions create healthy dining room and health restaurant,From day one's working lunch began,Training of residents"Light taste".

　　京华时报：近年来，慢性病的发病是否有年轻化的趋势？

Jinghua times:In recent years,The pathogenesis of chronic diseases have younger trend?

　　杜红：没错！目前，儿童的近视眼、肥胖问题突出，去年我们的统计数据显示，全市中小学生肥胖检出率为20.7%，男生达到25.9%。其中，小学阶段肥胖检出率随着年龄增高而增高，男生在小学六年级时肥胖检出率最高，为31.1%。到17岁时，男生平均体重达到70.6公斤，女生平均体重达到57公斤。肥胖是高血压、糖尿病的危险因素，目前我们的学生中已经出现了糖尿病病例，年龄最小的才9岁。

DuGong:That's right!At present,Children myopia/Obesity problems,Last year we statistical data display,The primary and middle school students for 20.7% detection rate of obesity,Boys reached 25.9%.the,Primary school obesity rate increased with age and heighten,The boy in elementary school sixth grade the highest detection rate of obesity,Is 31.1%.To 17 years old,Boys of average weight 70.6 kg,Girls average weight reached 57 kg.Obesity is high blood pressure/Risk factors for diabetes,At present, our students have appeared diabetes cases,The age of the youngest only nine years old.

　　京华时报：如何降低儿童肥胖率、控制视力不良率？

Jinghua times:How to reduce children's obesity rate/Control the rate of malvision?

　　杜红：我们已经在全市中小学校开展了健康促进学校的创建工作，全市每年新增至少100所健康促进学校，并要求学校上好“防近视，控肥胖”为主题的健康教育课，确保学生每天在校锻炼一小时。市卫生局和市教委今年还发起了“防近视、控肥胖”六一行动，并结合孩子们不同年龄阶段的生活习惯和生长特点，编制了北京市中小学生健康指引。同时，学校还设立了一个身高体重检测点，张贴儿童青少年超重肥胖评价标准，以便保证学生实施健康自我管理。

DuGong:We have been in the primary and secondary schools to carry out the health promotion school create work,The New Year at least 100 health promotion school,And it requires schools"Prevent myopia,Control obesity"As the theme of the health educational curricula,Ensure that students exercising one hour every day at school.City health bureau and the municipal education commission has also launched this year"Prevent myopia/Control obesity"June 1 action,And combined with the children of different age stages living habits and growth characteristics,Of the primary and secondary school students of Beijing health guidelines.At the same time,The school also set up a height and weight control point,Post children overweight obesity evaluation standard,In order to ensure the students implement health self-management.

　　京华时报：该指引包括哪些具体内容呢？何时能走进校园？

Jinghua times:The guide includes what specific content??When can walk into the campus?

　　杜红：包括用眼习惯、少吃油炸食物和膨化食品、如何防止意外发生等多种内容，该指引计划明年初发到全市中小学校内，预计首批发放70万份，目前我们在进一步修订后，将正式出版印刷。书中还有家长阅读学习的部分，帮助孩子们从小养成健康的生活方式。

DuGong:Including the use of eye habits/Eat less Fried food and puffed food/How to prevent accidents and so on the many kinds of content,This guide plan early next year to the primary and middle school campus,The first issue is expected to 700000 copies,Currently we are further revised,Will the official publication printing.The book and parents reading part of learning,Help children from childhood health way of life.

　　□知识普及 - knowledge popularization

　　计划打造官方健康教育平台 Plans to build official health education platform

　　京华时报：目前，市场上各类养生保健类图书及网站等健康知识鱼龙混杂，本市已经成立了健康科普专家库，下一步在普及正确的健康知识方面还有何举措？

Jinghua times:At present,The market all kinds of health care class books and websites, such as good and evil people mixed up health knowledge,This city has established health science expert database,The next step in popularization correct health knowledge and what measures?

　　杜红：我们(市卫生局)已经计划建立一个“E网通”，打造一个市级健康教育平台，通过官方引导，将各种健康知识、养生知识、预防慢病知识、医疗信息等所有健康教育资源汇总在这个平台上，“E网通”发布的信息都是由本市的权威医疗机构提供，经过审核把关，保证信息的真实性、正确性和权威性。目前，“养生堂”栏目已经深入人心，但主要收视群体都为老年人，我们想把“E网通”打造成一个品牌，加上微博等新媒体，让经常上网的年轻人也有预防疾病、养成健康生活方式的信息渠道。

DuGong:we(City health bureau)Has planned to set up a"E netcom",Make a municipal health education platform,Through the official guide,Will all kinds of health knowledge/Keeping in good health knowledge/Slow disease prevention knowledge/Medical information education resources all health summary in this platform,"E netcom"The information is released by the city's authority to provide medical institutions,After audit checks,Ensure the authenticity of the information/Validity and authority.At present,"YangShengTang"Column already thorough popular feeling,But the main group viewing for the elderly,We want to"E netcom"To create a brand,Combined with micro bo and other new media,Let young people often surf the Internet also has to prevent disease/To develop healthy lifestyle information channel.

　　京华时报：全民健康目标的实现并非卫生部门举一家之力就可实现的事，我们是否会联合多部门，并发动社会力量来推广健康生活的重要意义和正确方式？

Jinghua times:To achieve the goal of universal health is not a health department for the force can realize things,Whether we will be combined many departments,And then launch social forces to promote a healthy life significance and right way?

　　杜红：是的，2009年市政府成立了由市政府统一领导，16个区县政府和31个部门为成员的健康促进工作委员会，制定了健康促进十年规划和九大行动。比如体委提供的健康器械，总工会启动的恢复工间操行动，教委配合的防治学生沙眼等等。慢性病的防控必须坚持“政府主导、部门协作、专业支撑、社会广泛参与”的工作模式和机制，共同采取行动。下一步，我们计划和共青团合作，在各单位中培训健康教育的义务宣传员或志愿者，像艾滋病防治的主力军是大学生一样，发动社会力量，在志愿者们自己掌握健康生活方式的同时，也会“一传十，十传百”地向同事和家人传递。

DuGong:yes,In 2009 the municipal government established by the municipal government unified leadership,16 area county government and 31 department for members of health promotion working committee,Formulated the health promotion ten years planning and nine action.Such as the MPCSC provide health equipment,Federation of trade unions start recovery work break exercises action,Education commission fit control students trachoma, etc.Chronic disease prevention and control must adhere to"The government leading/departments/Professional support/Widely participate in social"The operation mode and mechanism,Common action.The next step,We plan and the communist youth league cooperation,In each unit training in health education obligations activist or volunteers,As the main force of prevention and control of HIV/AIDS is like a college student,Launch social forces,Volunteers in their mastery health way of life at the same time,Will also"going,Ten preach the"To colleagues and family transfer.

　　□全国联防 - the national defense

　　防控不达标无缘卫生城市 Prevention and control is not eligible for no health city

　　卫生部疾病预防控制局副局长孔灵芝表示，我国正在创建慢病防控综合示范区，去年已经任命39个国家示范区，今年有136个申报，目前正在进行现场评估。

The ministry of health disease prevention and control bureau deputy director KongLingZhi said,Our country is creating slow disease prevention and control comprehensive demonstration area,Last year has appointed 39 countries demonstration area,This year, 136 a declaration,Is currently on the site assessment.

　　孔灵芝称，为了将慢病防控工作继续推进，今年起，卫生部已经将慢性病控制纳入到卫生城市的创建指标体系中。今后，申请成为卫生城市的地区，前提必须先成为国家慢病防控综合示范区。北京市疾控中心介绍，截至目前，北京市朝阳区已经于去年被评为国家级慢病防控综合示范区，今年有两个区获得参评资格。

KongLingZhi says,In order to slow disease control and prevention to continue to push forward the work,This year,The ministry of health has chronic disease control into the health city create index system.In the future,Apply for health city area,The premise must first become a national comprehensive demonstration slow disease control and prevention.The Beijing center for disease control is introduced,So far,Beijing chaoyang district has in the last year was titiled as slow disease prevention and control comprehensive demonstration area,This year there are two area obtain eligible qualification.

　　孔灵芝介绍，我国已经提出慢病控制六个转变：由专家向政府转变，由治疗为主向治疗为辅，由大医院向基层转变，由城市向城乡并举，由卫生部门向全社会，由专业行动向群众运动转变。这个策略跟国际上非常吻合，强调政府责任预防为主，以社区为基础，关注农村，社会广泛参与，以及提高个人技能。

KongLingZhi introduced,Our country has put forward slow disease control six transformation:To change the government by experts,Mainly by the treatment to an ounce of prevention is worth a treatment,By large hospital to grassroots transformation,The city to urban and rural simultaneously,The department of health to the whole society,By professional action to change the mass movement.This strategy is very similar with the international,Emphasize the government responsibility prevention,Community based,Focus on rural,Widely participate in social,And personal skills.

　　□他山之石 - stones from other hills

　　改进食物链降低心血管病 To improve the food chain to reduce cardiovascular disease

　　孔灵芝介绍，欧洲区的慢病防控策略是通过能力建设监测和传播，降低四种主要慢性疾病(心血管病、癌症、慢性阻塞和糖尿病)的负担。

KongLingZhi introduced,Denmark and slow disease prevention and control strategy is through the ability construction monitoring and communication,Reduce the four major chronic diseases(Cardiovascular disease/cancer/Chronic congestion and diabetes)burden.

　　“例如，在上世纪70年代芬兰北部的青壮年男性心血管病死亡率是全球第一位的，主要是和他们生活方式不良有关，比如因为天气很冷，人们会吃很多的饱和脂肪酸的动物的黄油，很少有户外体育锻炼，而且蔬菜水果吃得很少。政府即首先和农场主协商，建议改种蔬菜水果。然后和食品的加工企业协商，生产全麦面包，和生产不饱和脂肪植物的黄油，随后把这些健康的推荐的食品放在超市最显眼的位置，旁边配上健康宣传教育的一些提示。”孔灵芝说，采取上述多种措施后，该地区由吸烟导致死亡率有了非常显著的下降，其他疾病也呈非常显著的下降趋势。李秋萌

"For example,In the 1970 s in northern Finland of young and middle-aged men cardiovascular disease mortality is the global first,Mainly is their way of life and the bad,For example because the weather was very cold,People will eat lots of saturated fatty acid animal butter,There are few outdoor sports exercise,And fruits and vegetables to eat very little.The government is first and the farmer consultation,Suggest replant fruits and vegetables.Then and food processing enterprise consultation,Production whole wheat bread,And production of unsaturated fat plant butter,Then put these healthy recommended food in the supermarket the most conspicuous position,Next to match on health promotion education of some tips."KongLingZhi said,Take the above a variety of measures,The region by smoking cause mortality had very significant decline,Other disease also is very significant decline.LiQiuMeng