中新网北京2月22日电(阚枫)在中国的很多城市中，排长队，脏乱差的“公厕尴尬”一直是个老话题。近日，卫生部就强制性的公厕国标草案公开征求社会意见。草案中的臭味分级、苍蝇限值、厕位比例等规定立即引发社会争议。分析认为，公厕测评需考虑执法的可操作性，引入民众参与测评监督，城市的公厕文明需要从市政规划到民众素质的全面提升。

Beijing Beijing, feb. 22 (xinhua) --(KanFeng)In many Chinese cities,Platoon leader team,Of thirty-three"Public toilet embarrassed"Has always been a old topic.recently,The ministry of health is mandatory public toilet gb draft for social public opinion.A draft of the odor classification/Flies limit/Toilet a ratio and other provisions immediately trigger social disputes.According to analysis,Public toilets should be considered evaluation law enforcement maneuverability,Introducing people to participate in the supervision and evaluation,Urban public toilet civilization needs from municipal planning to improve the quality of the people.

　　臭味分级、苍蝇查数 “公厕测评应民众参与” Stink classification/Flies check number "Public toilets should be people to participate in evaluation"

　　此次卫生部公布的《公共厕所卫生标准(征求意见稿)》将厕所臭味分为四个等级，并明确评臭人员由3人组成，其中至少包括一名专业人员。此外，征求意见稿要求，附属式公共厕所每平方米苍蝇数小于等于1只，独立式公共厕所小于等于3只。

The ministry of health announced[Public toilet sanitation standard(draft)]Will the toilet smell is divided into four levels,And clearly review smelly personnel by the 3 members,Including at least a professional personnel.In addition,Draft requirement,Attached type public toilet every square metre fly number less than or equal to one,Independent public toilet less than or equal to three.

　　“公厕新国标”草案公布之后，臭味分级和苍蝇限值这些规定最为社会关注，同时也最为公众质疑。

"Public toilets new gb"Released draft after,Odor classification and flies limit these rules the most social attention,At the same time also the most public questions.

　　“规定是死的，但苍蝇是会飞的，数量怎么强制？”“臭味分的这么细，执行起来有客观参照标准吗？”“北京等地公厕早就限制苍蝇数，但是有多少执行到位了？”……

"Regulation is dead,But the fly is flying,Quantity how forced?""Odor points so fine,Executive up have objective reference standard?""Beijing public toilet would have limited number of flies,But how many implementation in place?"...

　　正如网友质疑，近年来，对于备受民众诟病的公厕卫生，中国多个城市已经在各自探索。北京规定每间公厕的苍蝇数量不得超过两只，南昌规定不超过三只，南京要求不超过五只，三亚则要求无苍蝇……在刚刚过去的2012年，“几只苍蝇”的话题已经在社会引起了广泛热议。

As users questioned,In recent years,For the people of the public toilets for health,Chinese cities have been in their exploration.Beijing regulation each number of flies public toilets shall not be more than two,Nanchang shall not more than three,Nanjing requirement not more than five only,Sanya requires no flies...In the past 2012 years,"Several fly"Topic in society has caused wide hot debate.

　　其实，早在1998年发布的《城市公厕卫生标准》中就分别规定了3类公厕的苍蝇数量；中国对国家级卫生区、国家级卫生镇的评定标准中，也基本都有对苍蝇数量上限的规定，有的还对蚊子的数量进行了规定。无论是国家标准还是各地规定，却很少有监管部门在苍蝇的事上“较真”，难以落实的公厕标准一直被民众抱怨为“空头规定”。

In fact,As early as in 1998 with the release of the[Urban public toilet hygiene standards]In the three kinds of public toilets were provisions number of flies;China's national health area/National WeiShengZhen evaluation standard,There are also basic to fly the provisions of the cap on the number,Some of the number of mosquitoes in the rules.Whether the national standards or regulations all over,There is little supervision department in the fly"truer",Difficult to implement public toilet standard has been people complain for"Bear provisions".

　　“比如，上午查了有4只，下午再去时可能1只都没有，这种情况怎么评测？”中国社会科学院法学所副研究员支振锋表示，苍蝇限值的制度设计，整顿公厕卫生的出发点值得肯定，但是这样的规定也会导致无法精确执法，甚至不能避免出现一些选择性执法现象。从国家到地方一系列公厕卫生规定，在可操作性上的欠缺最终导致标准的“落地难”。

"Such as,Morning checked with 4 only,In the afternoon to May 1 are not only,This kind of situation how evaluation?"The Chinese academy of social sciences associate researcher addition a vibration front said,Flies limits of system design,The starting point of the public toilet sanitation is sure,But it can also lead to the provisions of the law enforcement not accurate,Even can't avoid some selective law enforcement phenomenon.From the state to place a series of public toilet hygiene regulations,In the lack of operability ultimately led to the standard"Landing hard".

　　而对于公厕的臭味评级，支振锋称，评臭的关键在于“谁来评”，“公厕的环境保护民众受益者也是参与者，公厕有无臭味，周围居民最有发言权，公厕评定人员的组成，应该有附近的居民参与。”

For the toilet smell rating,A vibration front says,Evaluation of the key to stink"Who will review","The toilet environmental protection public benefits and participants,Public toilet without odor,Residents say around the most,The composition of the public toilet evaluation personnel,There should be a nearby residents to participate in."

　　男女厕位“宜为1:2” 女性如厕难能否破解？ Men and women toilet a"Appropriate for"" Women such as toilet difficult can break?

　　除了卫生环境，近年来，社会对于公厕“如厕尴尬”的抱怨还集中在“男女厕位比例”。在此次出台的公厕新国标草案中，征求意见稿在“公共厕所规模”一项中规定：在公共厕所服务区内男女人群数量相当情况下，男女厕位比例宜为1∶2。但是，该草案同时明确该这条规定为“推荐性条款”。

In addition to health environment,In recent years,Society for public toilets"Such as toilet embarrassed"Complaints are focused on"Men and women toilet a proportion".In the new national standard on the introduction of the public toilets in the draft,Draft in"Public toilet scale"A specified in the:In the public toilet service men and women in the crowd number cases,Men and women toilet a proportional appropriate for ".but,The draft also defined as this rule"Mandatory clause".

　　厕位比例的非强制规定，让很多遭遇过公厕排大队的女性民众对这份公厕标准感到失望。其实，对“公厕标准”在厕位配置上态度模糊的争议早已存在，国家在 2005年出台的《城市公共厕所设计标准》中，指出厕所“男蹲位与女蹲位宜为1:1～2:3”。

Toilet a proportion of the mandatory provisions,Let many encountered public toilet row of a large group of women to the public toilet standard feel disappointed.In fact,to"Public toilet standard"In the toilet a configuration attitude fuzzy dispute already exists,Countries in 2005 published[Urban public toilet design standards]in,Pointed out that the toilet"CunWei male and female CunWei appropriate for 1:1 ~ 2:3".

　　标准在这里的“宜为”一词，一直被一些学者指责为“公厕国标”实施7年来，“女性如厕难”问题长期无解的原因之一，而在目前的“新国标”草案中，虽然厕位比例变为了“1:2”，但是“宜为”一词，仍然保留。

Standard in here"Appropriate for"A word,Some scholars have been accused of"Public toilet gb"Implementation in the past seven years,"Female toilet difficult"Long-term problems without one of the reasons for the solution,But in the present"New gb"draft,Although a proportion into the toilet""",but"Appropriate for"A word,remained.

　　事实上，在历经数年厕位国标之争、各地频频上演“占领男厕”运动之后，包括北京在内的中国多地，已有针对公厕厕位比例的改革措施，然而，地方探索均难见实效。

In fact,After several years of toilet a gb rivalry/Frequently around on"Occupation gent"Movement after,Including Beijing, China more,Existing public toilets in toilet a proportion of reform measures,however,Local exploration are hard to see actual effect.

　　对于“公厕比例”的争议，支振锋解释，目前的公厕可分两类，一类属于市政设施，由政府财政投资和维护，政府可以直接控制，并按实际需求设计公厕的数量和厕位比例；另一类是宾馆、饭店、酒店等公共场所的厕所，这些属于商业机构的配套设施，产权不在政府方面，政府不能直接控制，所以，政府只能推荐和鼓励标准实施。

for"Public toilet proportion"dispute,A vibration front explain,The public toilet can be divided into two categories,A kind of belong to public facilities,The government financial investment and maintenance,The government can direct control,According to the actual demand design and the number of public toilets and toilet a proportion;Another kind is the hotel/hotel/Hotel public toilet,These belong to commercial organizations supporting facilities,Property right is not the government,The government cannot directly control,so,The government can recommend and encourage standard implementation.

　　正如支振锋分析，其实这部《公共厕所卫生标准(征求意见稿)》，在开篇就明确了“本标准适用于城市、乡村、旅游区等新建、改建、扩建供社会公众使用的固定式公共厕所以及公共场所设置的公共卫生间的规划、设计、建设、管理和卫生学评价。现有其他公共厕所、学校公共厕所、单位内部人员使用的公共厕所可参照执行。”

As a vibration front analysis,In fact the[Public toilet sanitation standard(draft)],In the opening was made clear"This standard applies to the city/country/Tourist area and new/reconstruction/For the social public use of stationary public toilet and public places of public toilet planning/design/construction/Management and hygiene evaluation.Existing other public toilet/The school public toilets/Unit interior personnel using public toilets can refer to."

　　在一些网友看来，这一系列的“前提条件”，只能让备受女性诟病的商场、写字楼、学校厕所的如厕尴尬，尤其是女性如厕排大队的问题再次搁置。

In some net friend looks,This series of"Premise condition",Can only let the women of the market for/office/The school toilet toilet embarrassed,Especially women such as toilet row brigade problem aside again.

　　网友更期待改进基础设施 公厕文明需全面提升 Net friend more looking forward to improve infrastructure to improve public toilet civilization

　　在卫生部这份“公厕国标”草案出台之后，一份针对该草案的微博调查在网上出现，在参与投票千余名网友中，有超过一半的被调查者认为“与其关注臭味和苍蝇，不如改进公厕基础设施”。如同网友意见，城市中存在的“如厕尴尬”既不仅限于女性，也不只限于厕所环境脏乱差。

The ministry of health in the"Public toilet gb"Draft issued after,According to a draft of the micro bo survey emerged on the Internet,In more than vote in a net friend,More than half of the respondents think"And pay attention to smell and flies,As to improve public toilet infrastructure".As a net friend's opinion,Existing in the city"Such as toilet embarrassed"Is not just restricted to women,Is not limited to the toilet thirty-three environment.

　　在北京西单地区一家营业面积百余平米的快餐店内，当记者向服务员询问厕所在何处时，得到的却是“出门右转100米”的熟练答复。一位正在就餐的顾客调侃道，“这才叫快餐，快吃快走，洗个手都不允许。”更多的顾客则质疑，餐厅不应该因节省面积而不设厕所。

Beijing xidan area in a business area of the square meters in the fast-food restaurant,When the waiter asked where the toilet when,Is given"Turn right out of 100 meters"Skilled reply.A are dining customers fun way,"It's the fast food,Eating quickly go,Wash hands are not allowed."More customers is questioned,Restaurant should not for saving area and do not set the toilet.

　　在快餐店附近的一个公厕，男女厕所外均有排队现象。厕所管理员说：“人流量这么密集的地区，街边能找到的厕所就这么一个，一些餐馆还跟着‘搭厕所’，能不排队吗？” 然而，在公厕附近的一家规模较大的饭店中，服务员也向记者抱怨：“外面的公厕太少，我们这进进出出的人，吃饭的不多，找厕所的不少”。

In fast food restaurants nearby a public toilet,Men and women outside the toilet are queuing phenomenon.Toilet administrator said:"Person so densely populated region,The street can find the toilet so a,Some restaurants also follow‘Take toilet’,Can not line??" however,In the public toilet nearby a larger scale in the hotel,The waiter also complained to the journalists about:"The outside public toilet too little,We the ins and outs of the people,Eat much,Looking for a lot of the toilet".

　　在记者走访调查的几个街头公厕中，如厕的民众对于北京公厕的体验，可谓一言难尽：“公厕缺少引导标示牌，没考虑残疾人和儿童”，“有些厕所常年处于‘停业维修中’”，“厕所的门永远大敞着，有的里面还没隔板，方便时太尴尬”，“厕所太脏，有的厕所管理员晚上8点就锁门下班”。

In reporter visiting survey several streets in the toilet,Such as toilet people for Beijing the experience of public toilets,Is a long story:"Public toilet lack of signage brand,Don't consider the disabled and children","Some toilet in all the year round‘Suspensions in maintenance’","Toilet door always big open,Some inside haven't partition,Convenient too embarrassed","Toilet is too dirty,Some toilet administrator at 8 o 'clock after work to lock the door".

　　对于普通市民眼中的“公厕乱象”，支振锋表示，公厕改革需要更细致便民的考量，也需要更宏观和科学的城市发展规划，政府在做新区规划和老城改造时，对于公厕的投放、设计应更便民、更人性化，对于商业场所的厕所要有更细致、更严明的法规进行约束。

For the average citizen of the eyes"Mess public toilets",A vibration front said,Public toilet reform need to be more careful consideration for the convenience,Also need more macro and scientific urban development planning,The government doing the programming of the new and old city transformation,To put the toilet/Design should be more convenient/More human,For commercial place toilet should have more meticulous/The more strict regulations constraint.

　　“社会发展到今天，民众对于政府提供的公共产品和服务期待，已经不能仅限于‘有没有’的层次了，政府更应该注重的是自己的公共服务是不是更精细、更优质，要考虑政策措施‘好不好’以及落实的实际效果。”

"Social development today,People for the government to provide public products and services are looking forward to,Is not limited to‘have’Level the,The government should be more attention is their public service is more fine/More high-quality,Want to consider policy measures‘good’And the implementation of the actual effect."

　　支振锋表示，小小的公厕体现着政府公共服务的水平，也反映着一个社会的整体文明程度，公厕文明，不仅是政府的问题，市民使用公厕时的文明素质也需要提高。(完)

A vibration front said,Small toilet embodies the government public service level,Also reflects a social whole civilization,Public toilet civilization,Not only is the government's problem,When people using public toilets civilization quality also needs to improve.(finish)