婴儿呕吐是怎么回事儿？

    Baby is vomiting is how did that happen?

    @心肝宝贝：我的孩子11个月大，从昨晚开始呕吐，一开始隔几个小时，到今天早晨的时候间隔很短了，也没给她吃什么东西，也不发烧，就是过会儿就吐一次，后来都吐不出东西了。请问专家这是怎么回事啊，应该怎么办？

    @ honey:My child is 11 months old,Since last night vomiting,Every few hours,This morning to the time interval is very short,What also didn't give her to eat,Not a fever,Is just vomit once later,Later emits no thing.Excuse me expert what's going on,What should I do?

    广州市第一人民医院新生儿科张又祥主任：婴儿呕吐是婴儿常见的疾病之一。从门诊来看，30%～40%的婴儿就诊时都有呕吐症状。这种看上去微小且常见的疾病，往往被家长忽视，殊不知，频繁的呕吐除了直接影响营养的吸收外，还可能产生脱水、酸中毒等代谢紊乱的症状，严重危害婴儿的健康。日常生活中，年轻的父母经常将新生儿呕吐和溢奶混淆起来，以为是正常的生理现象而延误病情。只要多留心，就可以发现两者的不同。溢奶多数是从婴儿口角自然流出，孩子很安详，无明显异常表现；而呕吐时则带着痛苦的表情，呕吐物经常从胃中冲出来。在呕吐之前也往往可以见到婴儿烦躁不安。呕吐是怎么发生的呢？原来我们的胃像一个口袋，上接食道，下通肠道。成年人的胃由于身体直立而呈鱼钩状，但新生儿由于不能站立，故胃呈横位，像个倒放的口袋，如果身体不适，就常常导致胃里的食物及胃液从口鼻涌出。

    The first people's hospital of guangzhou new pediatric director zhang and auspicious:Baby vomiting is one of common diseases.In the clinic,30% ~ 40% of baby clinic there are vomiting.This seemingly small and common diseases,Is often ignored by parents,Little imagine,Frequent vomiting in addition to the direct impact on the absorption of nutrition,May also produce dehydrated/Acidosis and metabolic disorders symptoms,Cause serious damage to baby's health.In daily life,Young parents often will neonatal vomiting up and spilled milk,Think that is a normal physiological phenomenon and delay treatment.With more attention,You can find the difference.Most milk spill from the baby spat out naturally,Child is very peaceful,No obvious abnormality;With a look of pain and vomiting,Vomit often rushed out from the stomach.Before vomiting also often can see baby fidgety.Vomiting, how did it happen?Originally we like a stomach pocket,Connected to the esophagus,Down through the intestinal.Adult stomach because the body upright and the hook shaped,New arrival due to can not stand,So the stomach in horizontal position,Like a backwards pockets,If physical discomfort,Can often lead to the food in the stomach and gastric juice flowed from the nose and mouth.

    引起新生儿呕吐的原因较多：最常见的是喂养不当，如吃奶过急，奶量过多；人工喂养儿橡皮奶头上洞眼太大或过小；使吃奶时大量空气吞入胃中而引起呕吐；分娩时吞入含有胎粪或血液的羊水；服用某些药物对胃黏膜刺激；外科疾病更不容忽视，应警惕各种消化道畸形如先天性食道闭锁，幽门肥大性狭窄，先天性巨结肠，或任何肠段产生的闭锁或狭窄等。年轻的父母遇到婴儿呕吐不要心慌，应仔细观察呕吐物的性质，初步进行病情判断，并记录下来，以便及时向医生反映。原因一：消化不良。喂养不当会引发婴儿呕吐。例如饿了没有及时喂奶，宝宝就会使劲大哭，在哭的过程中吸了太多空气，吃奶后容易发生呕吐。原因二：口腔及咽喉问题。如果婴儿患鹅口疮，觉得难受，吃了奶会吐出来，此时看宝宝的嘴巴，会发现里面长有白白的东西。原因三：消化道畸形。如果婴儿的呕吐物中没有奶块，可考虑为食道梗阻；如其中含有酸臭味道的奶块，则可能是先天性肥厚型幽门狭窄；如吐出的是黄绿色东西，可能梗阻部位在小肠。出现小儿畸形，要及时做手术矫正。整个手术过程不到一个小时，术后宝宝很快就康复出院。

    The cause of neonatal vomiting:The most common is improper feeding,Like to eat milk, rapid,Too much milk;Artificial feeding baby pacifier in hole is too big or too small;Make milk plenty of air when swallowed into the stomach and cause vomiting;Childbirth swallowing amniotic fluid meconium or blood;Taking certain medications to gastric mucosa stimulation;Surgical disease more nots allow to ignore,Should be alert to all kinds of digestive tract abnormalities such as congenital esophageal atresia,Hypertrophy of pyloric stenosis,Congenital megacolon,Or any bowel atresia or stenosis.Young parents have vomiting babies don't flustered,Should be carefully observed the nature of the vomit,A preliminary condition judgment,And recorded,In order to report to the doctor in time.One reason for:indigestion.Improper feeding will trigger the baby vomit.For example hungry no nursing in time,The baby will cry hard,In the process of cry too much air,Prone to vomiting after eating milk.Reason 2:Mouth and throat problems.If the infant thrush,Don't feel well,Ate milk will spit it out,Now look at the baby's mouth,Will find it with white.Three reasons:The digestive tract malformation.If there is no milk in the baby vomit,Can be considered as esophageal obstruction;As it contains good taste of milk,May be congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis;Such as spit is yellow-green,Possible obstruction sites in the small intestine.A pediatric deformity,To timely surgical correction.The whole operation process is less than an hour,Baby soon after rehabilitation hospital discharge.

    如果是一般的溢奶，可以通过抱起喂奶、哺乳后直立抱起并拍背，使新生儿将吞咽的空气排出，哺乳后不要短时间内抬起下肢更换尿布等方式改善。如果是感冒或者咳嗽后呕吐，则饮食要定时定量，不要太饱，注意食物卫生，不要给患儿吃过于辛辣、熏烤和肥腻的食物。如果宝宝频繁“呕奶”，可能就不是普通的消化不良或者喂奶方式不当，如果家长只是一味找各种各样的“消化药”给宝宝吃，不断地更换高级的奶瓶、奶嘴或奶制品，而不是咨询专科医生的意见，无疑是缘木求鱼，南辕北辙！

    If it is spilled milk,Can be picked up her/After lactation upright picked up and taken back,Discharge the air in newborns will swallow,Lactation after short time raised his lower limbs do not change the diapers and other ways to improve.If it is a cold or cough after vomiting,Diet should time quantitative,Don't be too full,Pay attention to food hygiene,Don't give children eat too spicy/Smoked and fatty foods.If baby is frequent"Oh milk",May not be common indigestion or improper feeding way,If parents just looking for a variety of"Digestion medicine"Give the baby to eat,Constantly changing advanced bottle/The pacifier or dairy products,Rather than consulting a specialist's opinion,Is certainly getting blood from a stone,opposite!

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    南方日报记者 赵兵辉

    Southern daily reporter zhao hui

    通讯员 郭洁 陈良湾

    The correspondent Guo Jie Chen Liangwan