“中国创造”呼唤行业整肃

“China create”Call purge industry

　　本报记者 曾一宁 宋振庆 北京报道

Our reporter had YiNing SongZhenQing reports from Beijing

　　“孵化器将成为我们工业新城的新亮点，未来会吸引一大批科技型中小企业落户，并争取建设成国内一流的孵化器和加速器。”一家来自南昌的开发商总经理兴致勃勃地向记者描述着占地1300亩的工业新城的发展前景。

“The incubator will become our industrial city of new luminescent spot，The future will attract a large number of small and mid-sized enterprise here，And try to build a domestic first-class incubator and the accelerator。”The developer of the general manager from nanchang a vigorous to reporters describe covers an area of 1300 acres of the prospect of the development of industrial city。

　　3年前，这家开发商抓住当地服装行业向郊区转移的机会，成功开发了针对中小服装制造商的产业园。随后，趁热打铁又在周边取得了多幅工业用地，顺利转型为产业地产商，并将业务范围拓展到武汉、襄阳、长沙等中部工业重镇。

Three years ago，The developers take local clothing industry to the suburbs of the transfer of the opportunity，The successful development of small and medium-sized clothing manufacturer for industrial park。then，Strike while the iron is hot and has more on the periphery of industrial land，The smooth transition of developers for the industry，And business scope extended to wuhan、xiangyang、Changsha central such as industrial towns。

　　由于这座位于南昌的工业新城就在高新区的规划范围内，孵化器建设是拿地的基本条件之一，因此这家从未做过孵化器的开发商只能硬着头皮闯入这个陌生的领域。至于孵化器与普通的工业厂房有何区别，孵化企业又能得到怎样的服务，这位总经理或许并没有一个清晰的思路。

Because the new industrial town located in nanchang in high-tech zone within the scope of planning，The incubator construction is to take one of the basic condition of，So this has never done incubator developer can only crustily skin of head into the strange field。As for the incubator and common industrial workshop is the difference，Hatch enterprise and how to get the service，The general manager may not a clear ideas。

　　类似情况在国内屡见不鲜。已经成为孵化器大国的中国，有多少孵化器能够达到国际标准却很难确定；而借着科技创新东风，以孵化器名义行地产销售之实，使很多大型孵化器成为“鬼城”的现状则更令业内人士感到忧虑。“孵化器在很多开发商眼中只是一个幌子。明知道是假戏，但在政策补贴和土地优惠的诱惑下，也要在表面上唱好这台戏。”一位产业地产人士对记者表示。

Similar situation in domestic creditors。The country has become the incubator of China，How many incubator can meet international standards but it is difficult to determine；And through science and technology innovation the east wind，To do real estate sales incubator name in reality，Make many large incubator become“ghost”The present situation is more to industry insiders feel anxious。“The incubator in many developers eyes is just a cloak for/cover story。Know is false play，But in the policy subsidies and land the temptation of preferential，Also want to sing on the surface good this spectacle。”A real estate industry who told reporters。

　　“既要鼓励多元投资孵化器，又要加强孵化器建设者的产业技能和产业思维，同时政府也应该加大对于孵化器的扶持力度，整肃行业环境，这才是杜绝"假戏真唱"的重点。”天津火炬鑫茂创业服务有限公司总经理王耕深说。

“Should encourage multiple investment incubator，And to strengthen the incubator of industry skills and industry builders thinking，The government should also increase the incubator for the support strength，Purge industry environment，This is put an end to"False play really sing"key。”Tianjin torch XinMao innovation service, general manager of WangGeng deep said。

　　盛名难副 ChengMingNanFu

　　王耕深指出，孵化器主要是为初期创新创业的企业服务，提供孵化空间和一些创业服务，促进科技成果的转化，帮助企业降低创业成本和创业风险，提高创业成功率，并培养出优秀的企业家。

WangGeng deep points out that，Mainly for the incubator innovation enterprise service early，Provide incubator space and some innovation service，Promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements，Help enterprises to reduce the cost and risk business venture，Improve the success rate of entrepreneurship，And cultivate outstanding entrepreneur。

　　数据显示，截至2011年年底，我国国内孵化器总数已经超过1000家，全国范围内被评定为国家级孵化器的就有近400家，中国俨然已经成为孵化器大国。

Data shows，By the end of 2011，Our domestic incubator toll is more than 1000 homes，Nationwide was assessed at national incubator is nearly 400，China has already become the incubator superpower。

　　然而盛名之下，其实难副。“一些孵化器规模非常大，孵化面积动辄几十万、上百万平方米，但孵化服务却往往跟不上扩张速度。”科技部火炬中心孵化器管理处处长张峰海表示，“孵化器质量和数量的不匹配，孵化器规模和服务水平不匹配，是现阶段我国孵化器发展面临的一个突出挑战。”

But under the famous，A liar。“Some incubator scale is very big，Hatch area penchant for hundreds of thousands of、Millions of square meters，But incubation service but often can't keep up with expansion speed。”The ministry of science and technology the torch center director said ZhangFengHai incubator management office，“The quality and quantity of the incubator don't match，The scale of the incubator and service level did not match，At present in China is the incubator faces a special development challenges。”

　　这还仅仅是真正的孵化器所面临的问题，张峰海没有提到的是，还有大量打着孵化器的旗号进行传统的卖房的现象，这些名为“孵化器”的高科技园区几乎没有什么实质性的配套服务，只是纯粹的房东而已。

This is just the incubator is really the problem faced，ZhangFengHai no mention is，Still a large number of under the banner of the incubator for traditional sold the phenomenon，These called“incubator”The high-tech park almost no substantial supporting service，Just pure landlord just。

　　“甚至有不少地方政府主导的大型园区都形如鬼城，面积虽大却空空荡荡。”天安数码城总裁戴宏亮说。

“Even many local government leading large park are shaped like ghost，Though large area but was empty。”Ann digital city President DaiHongLiang said。

　　地方政府主导的孵化园区大多数只是在扮演着“物业服务”的浅层次角色，这实际上造成了极大的资源浪费。而一些看准孵化器“商机”的开发商则利用空白套利——将外观华丽的独栋别墅冠以孵化中心之名，却与真正的创业团队扯不上关系。

Place the government leading hatch park most just plays“Realty service”Role of the shallow levels，This is actually caused a great waste of resources。And some certain incubator“Business opportunities”The developer of the use of white space is--will be luxuriant appearance of arbitrage single-family villas with the name of the incubation center，But with the real entrepreneurial teams pull not top relation。

　　“很多地产商，找到一片房子或者一座办公楼,直接把牌子改一改就成了"某某中小企业孵化中心"或是"某某数码港"。等你进去谈的时候，聊的却不是如何被孵化，而是能否全款买房的问题。”一位企业主抱怨道。

“Many developers，Find a house or an office building,Direct the brand changed become"So-and-so small and medium-sized enterprise incubation center"or"So-and-so the cyberport"。When you go in talk about，The talk is not how to be hatch，But all of the problems can buy a house。”A business owners complained。

　　“孵化器表面过热，真实情况却是优质孵化器严重短缺。很多开发产商只不过以孵化器的名义拿了很多政府的政策，包括土地优惠政策和财政补贴而已。”参与过武汉首个孵化器设计运营的动力联行董事长梁春表示，“不懂的人去做就会出现很多挂羊头卖狗肉的问题，他们只是做房地产，而真正的孵化器并不是地产产品。”

“The incubator surface overheating，The truth is the high quality incubator serious shortage。Many development business incubator in but took the name of many of the policy of the government，Including land preferential policy and financial subsidies just。”Participated in wuhan first incubator of the operation of the design firm LiangChun chairman said power，“Don't understand people to do it will appear many sheep head hang the sell vinegar，They just do real estate，And the real and not real estate product incubator。”

　　业内人士指出，如果单纯是用孵化器的表象向国家和地方政府“作秀”的话，不但浪费了当地的土地和政策资源，破坏了孵化器的整体形象，最终也将毁掉自己的招牌。

Industry insiders point，If simple with the appearance of the incubator is to state and local governments“show”words，Not only waste the local land and policy resources，Destroyed the whole image of the incubator，Eventually will also destroy her signature。

　　当然，也有真正希望做好孵化器的企业，然而标准、经验的缺失和急功近利的心态让孵化器积累了大量的问题。

Of course，Also have really wish to do well the incubator of enterprise，However standard、The lack of experience and the quick mind let incubator accumulated a lot of problems。

　　“有的孵化器被当成学校课堂来建，甚至被当成旅馆来建，不符合中小企业的要求；而孵化器建好以后，招商引资很困难，这是因为建孵化器的时候产业定位没有想好，也没有做好市场调研，不了解入驻企业的客户群体。另外，很多孵化器也缺乏专业的招商团队。”王耕深表示。

“Some as school class incubator built，Even as the hotel to build，Do not accord with the requirement of small and medium-sized enterprises；And the incubator built after，Investment promotion is very difficult，This is because when building the incubator industry positioning didn't want to，Don't even do market research，Don't understand enterprises of customers。In addition，Many incubators also lack professional investment promotion team。”WangGeng deep said。

　　孵化困境 Hatch dilemma

　　国内各个省市在不断上马动辄数百亩甚至数千亩的孵化器或孵化基地，然而真正形成国家级孵化器品牌的并不多，更遑论符合国际标准。

The domestic various provinces and cities in constant hundreds of acres and even thousands of horse easily acres of incubator or incubation bases，However, it is the formation of the national incubator brand is not much，Let alone accords with the international standard。

　　“由于目前国家鼓励孵化器的发展，因此在许多优惠政策鼓励之下，开发商蜂拥而上，看到政府支持点和市场热点在这里，就争相投资孵化器。”梁春表示。

“Because at present the state encourages the development of the incubator，So in many preferential policy encouragement，FengYongErShang developers，See the government support point and market hot in here，Is scrambling to investment incubator。”LiangChun said。

　　“优惠政策只是部分诱因，目前国家对商住房的调控，更促使开发商为了获得更多的土地资源，用孵化器的名义获取工业用地。而这些拿地的开发商并不一定懂得工业地产开发，只是用这种手法变相囤积土地。这种情况下，孵化器的数量虽然稳定增加，但是泥沙俱下、鱼目混珠的情况很严重。”王耕深对记者指出。

“Preferential policy is only part of the incentives，At present the country to ShangZhuFang control，In order to obtain more more prompted developers of land resources，In the name of the incubator for industrial land。And these give land developer does not necessarily know industrial real estate development，Only in this technique in disguised form land hoarding。This case，Although the number of stable increase incubator，But NiShaJuXia、Pass away the sham as the genuine be very serious。”WangGeng depth on the reporter said。

　　无论是主观动机不纯还是客观困难掣肘，大量名不副实的孵化器催生了复杂的矛盾。世邦魏理仕北京工业与物流服务部董事胡晓睿指出，一些孵化器运营者过于急功近利，在对当地政府的税收承诺的压力下，一旦创业者超过时限还没有成功实现盈利，就会被驱逐。

Both subjective motives not pure or objective difficulty grip，Given the large incubator of gave birth to the complex contradiction。Cb Richard Ellis industry and logistics service director of Beijing HuXiaoRui said，Some operators incubator too quick returns，On the local government's tax in under the pressure of commitment，Once more than time limit is not successful entrepreneurs realize the profit，Will be expelled。

　　“而孵化器建设也有很大风险，如果没有实现对于政府的相关承诺，不但面临收取滞纳金和收回土地的风险，还有可能面临更多的惩罚性措施，例如不能再在本地拿地等。”王耕深表示。

“And there are great risks incubator construction，If not for the government's commitment to realize related，Not only face and take back the land for fine for delaying payment risk，And may face more punitive measures，For example, can not again in the local give land, etc。”WangGeng deep said。

　　而对于入驻孵化器的中小企业而言，如果缺乏足够的配套服务和扶持措施，这些脆弱的企业的生存和成长将会非常困难，不仅受制于高昂的生产研发成本，还苦于国内外经济问题影响下的销售困境，这就导致企业缺少资金，难以把好的项目产业化和商品化，而即便有好的创新理念也没有足够的研发经费投入开发。

And for the small and medium-sized enterprises in the incubator for people，If lack of adequate supporting services and support measures，These fragile enterprise survival and growth will be very difficult，Not only is subject to high production research and development costs，Also suffer from domestic and foreign economic problems under the influence of sales difficulties，This leads to enterprise the lack of money，Hard to put a good project industrialization and commercialization，And even if has a good innovation idea didn't have enough funds for research into development。

　　实际上，部分孵化器建设者也抱怨，“假戏真唱”的不仅是企业，地方政府也负有不可推卸的责任。尽管口号喊得积极，但很多政策却落不到实处，尤其是一旦涉及本就拮据的地方财政，地方政府更是“干打雷不下雨”。

In fact，Part of the incubator builders also complained，“False play really sing”Not only is the enterprise，The local government also bear an unshirkable responsibility。Although slogan cried positive，But many policy fell less than effect，Especially once involving the local financial budget，Local government is“GanDaLei don't rain”。

　　“要建科技园，必须社区化，要宜工、宜商、宜居，但是政府部门却因循守旧地要求开发商建设较传统的工业园，否则就认为开发商不是在做工业地产，从而形成强大的阻力；而一些地方虽然高喊大力支持科技园，可在土地财政思维的作祟下，工业用地的价格却居高不下，直接影响后期的成本。”上述人士表示。

“To build science park，Must community-based，To appropriate work、Appropriate business、livable，But the government department but the stodgy for developers than the traditional construction industrial park，Otherwise think developers isn't doing industrial real estate，So as to form the strong resistance；And some places while Shouting vigorously support science and technology park，But in the land of the financial thinking deeply，Industrial land prices are high，Directly affect the cost of late。”The above said person。

　　疏胜于堵 Dredging is better than plugging

　　在多数接受采访的产业地产人士看来，杜绝孵化器“假戏真唱”的要点不在于堵，而在于疏，除了更明确的政策界定之外，更需要多方面的扶持，让孵化器带来多方共赢。

In most of the people interviewed industrial real estate looks，Put an end to the incubator“False play really sing”Point is not blocking，But in succoth，In addition to the more specific policy boundaries，Many more need support，Let the incubator bring multi-win-win situation。

　　在国内，绝大多数国家级孵化器属于公益扶持性园区，只租不售，甚至只收取极为低廉的租金乃至零租金。例如张江高科(600895,股吧)技园区，过去曾经承担了很多政府强行摊派的企业扶持任务，导致大量厂房办公楼宇低效利用，影响了公司的盈利状况。

In the domestic，Most of the national public FuChiXing incubator belongs to the park，Only rent unsold，Even charge only ultra-low rent and even zero rent。For example zhangjiang high-tech(600895,Shares it)Technology park，For the past many government forced conscript enterprise support mission，Factory, resulting in a large office building inefficient utilization，Affect the company's profits。

　　而作为民营科技园典范之一的天津鑫茂科技(000836,股吧)园区，则因为地产政策的一刀切和银根紧缩导致销售困难重重，无论是企业客户还是园区运营者都步履维艰。国资或民营的孵化器都存在着不同程度的困难，导致很多想要实实在在进入孵化器领域的开发商和投资者都望而生畏，这也是大量孵化器“假戏真唱”的“幕后推手”。

As a model of private scientific and one of XinMao tianjin science and technology(000836,Shares it)park，Because of the real estate policy one size fits all and credit-tightening lead to sales difficulties，Whether enterprise customers or park operators are walking difficult。Private incubator inspected or there are different difficulties，Many want to truly incubator developer and field into investors to tremble，This is also a lot the incubator“False play really sing”of“Behind-the-scenes push”。

　　“实际上，孵化器远远不只是一个简单的投资工具，它是具有巨大的产业升值空间的产品，因此必须给予足够的重视。”在梁春看来，真正好的孵化器，软件水平要高于硬件水平，园区必须为企业提供发展所需的资金，其次是提供产品市场空间的拓展服务。政府应当通过对孵化器的支持来获得区域经济的发展和税收的提升，以政府采购和孵化器运营的方式进行再深化。

“In fact，The incubator is more than just a simple investment tools，It is a huge industry appreciation of the space products，So must give enough attention。”In LiangChun seems，Really good incubator，Software level to be higher than the hardware level，Park for enterprise development must provide the necessary fund，Second is to provide products to the market of the space expand service。The government should support through the incubator for the development of regional economy and taxation ascension，Government procurement and incubator operation way to deepen。

　　汇龙森科技园总裁朱强提出，以色列的孵化器机制非常值得学习。在这种机制下，项目前两年的费用80%都是政府支出，只需要以色列首席科学家办公室同意，两年之内基本不用考虑公司运营成本。同时，孵化器、管理团队、风投和创业者的股权分配机制非常清楚。等项目真正赚钱以后，政府按每年收入的3%提取回报。

Send LongSen science park ZhuJiang President put forward，Israel's incubator mechanism is very is worth studying。In this mechanism，The first two years of the project cost 80% is government spending，Only need to Israel's chief scientists office agreed to，Two years basic need not consider the company operating costs。At the same time，incubator、Management team、Wind is cast and the entrepreneurs of equity distribution mechanism is very clear。Project after real money，The government annual income of 3% extraction in return。

　　而孵化器在内涵上也需要提升，相比于以往政策主导的“大而全”的孵化器，如今在民间兴起的创业孵化器，则希望触及到创业者更深层次的需求。它们不仅提供将原始的点子转化为具体产品、服务的第一笔资金，也试图凭借发起团队或大公司在业界丰富的经验、广阔的视野、人脉资源、品牌影响力等，发挥整合能力，提供一般的天使投资人所不具备的产品方向、团队管理、公司架构、产业合作等各种辅导，并为创业者寻找后续融资提供对接，甚至有些孵化机构还提供人员招聘、法务、后勤等各种增值服务。

And also in connotation incubator need to improve，When compared to the previous policy dominant“big”incubator，Now the business incubator in folk rise，Wants to touch to entrepreneurs a deeper level of demand。They are not only provide the original ideas into specific products、The first capital of the service，Also tried to launch team or large company with rich experience in the industry、Broad vision、Human resources、Brand influence, etc，Play conformity ability，Provide general angel investors do not have the direction of product、Team management、The company structure、Industrial cooperation, etc. Various kinds of counseling，And for entrepreneurs looking for follow-up financing provide docking，Even some hatch institutions also provide staff recruitment、legal、Logistics and all kinds of other value-added services。

　　上述人士指出，尤其是在投融资方面，国际主流的孵化器有非常好的先天条件。例如美国硅谷投资界资金流动性非常强，遍布孵化机构、天使投资、早期VC等各个环节。孵化项目在退出通道方面，也有很多选择——既有很多大公司收购小公司，也可以选择上市。

The above personage points out，Especially in investment and financing，International mainstream incubator have very good congenital conditions。Silicon valley investment community such as liquidity was very strong，Hatch institutions throughout、Angel investment、Early VC and so on each link。Incubation projects in the exit channel，Also have many choices-both the big company acquisitions small company，Also can choose listed。

　　“这导致在美国硅谷做创业孵化器的成功率比较高，然而这些渠道在中国是非常匮乏的，需要更好的建设思维和政策引导。”该人士表示。

“This led to silicon valley in the United States do business incubator success rate is quite high，However these channels in China is very scarce，The construction of the need for better thinking and policy guidance。”This person said。