一、切实推进养老设施建设是老龄化社会的必然要求

a、Practically advance endowment facilities construction is the inevitable requirement of aging society

　　正在经历老龄化过程的国家，纷纷通过加强养老设施建设，满足不断增长的养老服务需求。在我国，随着人口老龄化进程进一步加快，养老服务需求日益增长，与之相应的养老设施建设已刻不容缓。近年来，各地政府出台政策措施，加大资金支持力度，不断推进我国社会养老服务体系的建设和发展，但我国养老设施发展仍然处于起步阶段。

Is experiencing the ageing process state，By strengthening the construction of facilities in pension，Meet growing endowment service needs。In our country，As the aging population process further speed up，Endowment service growing demand，And the corresponding endowment facilities construction has the delay。In recent years，The local government policy measures，Increase financial support，Continue to promote our social endowment service system construction and development，But China's endowment facilities development still in the initial stage。

　　从国际经验来看，发达国家的养老服务机构每千人拥有的床位数在50-70张。而在我国，65岁以上的老人每千人拥有的床位数仅有26.5张。保守估计，全国养老机构的床位缺口数量在300万张以上。特别是，我国的人口老龄化是在“未富先老”、社会保障制度不完善、历史欠账较多、城乡和区域发展不平衡、家庭养老功能弱化的形势下发生的，养老设施不足问题既有总量不足，也有分布结构不合理和建设标准低等问题。因此，借鉴国际经验，拓展融资来源，创新发展模式，加快养老设施建设的任务十分繁重。

From the international experience，The developed countries of the endowment service every one thousand people have ChuangWeiShu in 50-70 copies。And in our country，65 years or older with ChuangWeiShu per one thousand people of only 26.5 copies。Conservative estimate，The national endowment of the agency in 3 million the number of beds gap above。especially，Our population is aging in“Not rich old before”、The social security system is not perfect、History more greatly、Urban and rural and regional development is not balanced、Family endowment of the weakening functions situation happen，Endowment facilities deficiency problems both quantity is not enough，Also distributed structure is unreasonable and construction standards adopted。so，Learn experience from international，Expand financing source，Innovation development mode，To speed up the construction of endowment facilities are huge task。

　　二、养老设施建设和发展的国际经验

two、Endowment facilities construction and development of the international experience

　　养老保障是社会保障的重要内容之一。社会保障的目标是为社会成员的基本社会权利提供安全保障，以确保其不会因特定事件的发生而陷入生存困境，并体现出公平性。因此，属于老年人基本生活需要的养老设施及相关服务属于社会保障的责任范围；以满足老年人高层次生活、文化需求为目标的养老设施和服务则属于市场范畴。

The old-age security is one of the important contents of social security。Social security is the goal of the members of the society for the basic social rights to provide security，To make sure it won't because of a particular event happened in existence dilemma，And reflect fairness。so，Belongs to the old basic life to need endowment facilities and related services belong to social security area of responsibility；To meet the old high-level life、Cultural demand for the goal of endowment facilities and services belong to market category。

　　（一）重视私人部门在养老设施建设中的地位和作用

（a）Pay attention to the private sector pension facilities in the position and role

　　正在经历老龄化过程的发达国家和地区，越来越重视公共部门、私人部门和志愿者在养老设施及服务提供中的适当贡献。美国、英国、日本、香港等地在养老服务上均采取由政府、非营利机构、营利机构等共同参与的多元化投资运营方式，这在一定程度上缓解了政府的财政负担，也满足了老人多层次、多样化的养老服务需求。在英国，地方政府、志愿者、私人机构创办的护养院比例分别为17%、21%、63%。2008 年，日本共有老年福利机构4.3万家，其中政府经营的只有3700家，民营的近4万家。

Is experiencing the ageing process developed countries and regions，Pay more and more attention to public sector、The private sector and volunteers in endowment facilities and services to provide the appropriate contribution。The United States、British、Japan、Hong Kong is adopted in endowment service by the government、Non-profit organizations、Such as the for-profit common participation of diversified investment operation，This, to a certain extent, easing the government's financial burden，And also satisfy the multi-level old man、Diversification of the endowment service needs。In Britain，Local government、volunteers、Private institutions founded the maintenance of 17%、21%、63%。2008 years，The country has aged welfare agencies 4.3，The government management only 3700 home，The private nearly 4。

　　在日本，政府、企业和非盈利组织均可建设养老设施。政府主要提供基本福利范围内的养老设施，而企业和非盈利组织则根据老年人不同群体、不同需求建设相应的商业或公益性养老设施。日本的养老设施建设可以分为满足老年人基本生活需要的养老设施和以满足老年人高层次生活、文化需求为目标的养老设施，前者是由政府主办、由《老年人福利法》和《护理保险法》等法律法规保证其公平、公正性的公共服务事业，属于非盈利性事业；后者是以老年人为服务对象的民间盈利事业，主要包括老年住宅产业和文化生活服务设施等。

In Japan，The government、Enterprise and non-profit organizations are construction endowment facilities。The government provides basic welfare within the scope of the endowment facilities，And the business and non-profit organizations are different groups according to old people、Different needs corresponding business or construction of public welfare pension facilities。Japan's endowment facilities construction can be divided into the old people meet the basic life need of endowment facilities and to meet the old high-level life、Cultural demand for the goal of endowment facilities，The former is sponsored by the government、by《Old people FuLiFa》and《Care insurance law》And other laws and regulations to ensure the fair、The justice of public service，Belong to nonprofit career；The latter is the target of service of the old folk profitable business，Mainly includes the old housing industry and cultural life service facilities, etc。

　　美国养老设施可粗略地分为两大类：一是传统的护理院（nursing home）。它要有政府颁发的执照，由政府管理并达到一定标准，能得到医疗保险机构和公共医疗补助制度的补偿。主要照顾的是那些有严重行为障碍,生活不能自理的老人。二是由各州和当地政府监管的老年护理中心（long -term care），可以有不同的标准。这些机构有不同的名称，整个美国，已知的协助生活机构的称谓已有26种等。这类协助生活机构，完全自费，是市场需求的结果。美国协助生活机构近年来快速发展，入住人员约占需要长期照料人口的15%。

The United States endowment facilities can be roughly divided into two broad categories：One is the traditional nursing center（Nursing home）。It will have the license issued by the government，The government management and to a certain standard，Can get medical insurance institutions and public system of medical treatment allowance compensation。Primary care who have a serious behavior disorders,The life cannot provide for oneself of old man。2 it is by the states and local government regulation of the elderly care center（Long-term care），There are different standards。These institutions have different names，The whole American，The life of the institution known to help address for 26, etc。This kind of help life institutions，Completely at one's own expenses，Is the result of market demand。The United States assist life institutions in recent years the rapid development，Check-in staff accounts for about 15% of the population needs long-term care。

　　（二）通过金融支持和金融创新拓展养老设施建设的融资来源

（two）Through the financial support and financial innovation and development of the construction of the financing source endowment facilities

　　在OECD国家，已经有很多新的融资方法被开发出来，以使资金流向富有资产但收入很少老人的养老设施和服务安排，其中重点是满足尽可能地生活在自己家中的老人的养老设施和服务需要。OECD认为，还需要做更多的工作去发现创新性措施，以增强所有更具使用者友好型的养老住宅、基础设施适老化以及养老服务等对私人部门投资和志愿者的吸引力。OECD国家努力创建服务于养老设施发展的融资工具，包括：激励计划，终身居住权，房屋产权转换，税收减免和住房补贴以及对各种各样的独立生活住宅的金融支持等。OECD国家政府还通过保险、担保等手段支持私人资本投身养老设施的建设，通过直接的资金支持鼓励社区养老设施的发展。

In the OECD countries，There has been much new financing methods have been developed，In order to make capital flow to the wealthiest but very little income old man's endowment facilities and service arrangement，One key is to meet as far as possible to living in their own home of the old man's endowment facilities and services need to be。OECD think，More work was needed to find innovative measures，In order to enhance more user friendly all type of endowment house、Infrastructure and pension services suitable aging of private sector investment and volunteers appeal。OECD countries to create in the service facilities development financing tool endowment，including：Incentive plan，Lifelong residency，Building property right conversion，Tax breaks and housing subsidies, as well as to all kinds of independent life residential financial support, etc。The government also OECD countries through insurance、Guarantee measures support private capital in endowment the construction of facilities，Through the direct financial support to encourage the development of community endowment facilities。

　　美国联邦政府通过为贷款提供保险拓展养老设施建设的融资来源。1959年美国国会针对国家住宅法第232节，建立232节计划（the Section 232 program），为老年护理院的修复和建设贷款提供保险。1987年住宅和社区开发法（The Housing and Community Development Act of 1987）将该计划提供的保险范围扩大到联邦住宅管理局担保设施的购买或再融资，1994年联邦住宅管理局城市和住宅开发部将该计划提供保险的范围进一步扩展到辅助生活设施和原先不是联邦住宅管理局提供保险设施的建设贷款的再融资。1960-2005年，通过232节计划，联邦住宅管理局共为50个州4372项养老设施贷款提供了保险。

The federal government provides for loans through the construction of endowment insurance expand facilities financing source。In 1959 the United States congress for national housing law section 232，Plan to build 232 quarter（The Section 232 program），Older Nursing homes for the repair and the construction loans provide insurance。1987 homes and community KaiFaFa（The Housing and Community Development Act of 1987）The plan will provide insurance coverage expanded to the federal housing administration guarantee facilities purchase or refinancing，In 1994, the federal housing administration city and housing development plan will provide the extent of insurance is the further expansion of the auxiliary facilities and the original life is not the federal housing administration provide insurance the construction of facilities and loan refinancing。1960-2005，Through the 232 festival plan，The federal housing administration, for a total of 4372 50 states facilities provide the insurance of endowment loan。

　　住宅信托基金（Housing Trust Funds）是美国州政府激励公共和私人资本的重要工具，也是促进老年住宅发展的重要工具。在大多数州，住宅信托基金由州立法机构创立，它决定了住宅信托基金的资金来源。立法机构精心准备法律以允许市政府建立住宅信托基金，并使它们能够获得一种税收来源。立法机构也可以规定能够获得住宅信托基金支持的优先项目。法律在住宅信托基金中发挥了至关重要的作用。美国的州住宅信托基金（State Housing Trust Funds）、低收入住房税收优惠计划、其他融资工具以及可支付性住宅建设和融资计划等一起服务于低收入住房建设的融资需要。美国有40个州建立了住宅信托基金，其中8个州创立了一个以上的住房信托基金。2006年关于99个信托基金的调查显示，68%的基金在为老年住宅融资，12%的信托基金对于服务于老年人的住宅有专门规定。

Housing trust fund（Housing Trust Funds）Is the state incentives to public and private capital of important tools，To promote the development of old house is an important tool。In most states，Housing trust fund established by the state legislature，It had decided the housing trust funds。Legislature to elaborate the law to allow the city government establish housing trust fund，So they can get a tax source。Legislature can also provisions can get housing trust fund support of priority。The law in the house of the trust fund played a very important role。The states of the housing trust fund（State Housing Trust Funds）、Low-income housing preferential tax plan、Other financing tools and to pay for sex residential construction and financing plan together in low-income housing construction service financing needs。The United States has 40 states set up housing trust fund，8 of them state created more than one housing trust fund。In 2006, about 99 of the trust fund survey，68% of the fund for the financing in residence，12% of the trust funds for service to old people, housing has special provisions。

　　在发达国家，作为养老设施建设市场化融资手段之一，养老设施资产投资信托也有较好发展。

In developed countries，As endowment facilities construction market financing means one，Endowment facilities assets investment trust also have a good development。

　　三、我国养老设施建设的主要融资来源

three、China's endowment of the construction of the main sources of financing facilities

　　（一）主要融资来源

（a）The main sources of financing

　　1.彩票公益金

1. The welfare lottery

　　在“社会福利社会办”思想指导下，发行福利彩票成为我国养老设施建设的一个重要融资来源。2001年，民政部决定，今后2-3年，从中央到地方，通过发行福利彩票筹集的福利金，绝大部分用于资助城市社区的老年人福利服务设施、活动场所和农村乡镇敬老院的建设。这项工作命名为“社区老年福利服务星光计划”，简称“星光计划”。“十一五”期间，国家体育总局投入近2000万元彩票公益金援助各地建设老年体育设施，社区健身路径达到了1.2万条，成功举办了首届全国老年人体育健身大会。

in“Social welfare society do”guidance，Issue welfare lottery become China's endowment facilities construction of an important source of financing。2001 years，The ministry decided to，2-3 years in the future，From the central to local，Through the issuance of welfare lottery raise welfare benefits，Most of the funding of the old city community welfare services、Activity places and the construction of the rural home。The work named“Community elderly welfare service stars plan”，Referred to“Star light plan”。“11”during，State general administration of sports into nearly $20 million lottery welfare all older sports facilities construction of aid，Community fitness to article 12000 path，Successfully hosted the first national the old sports fitness conference。

　　2.中央财政专项资金

2. The central government

　　2009年和2010年，国家发改委会同民政部和全国老龄办积极开展基本养老服务体系建设试点，累计安排中央投资5亿元专项资金，支持了12个省、自治区、直辖市的养老服务设施建设。民政部从2011年起连续5年在全国范围内开展“老年福利事业推进年”活动，并启动实施“敬老爱老助老工程”，以政府投资和福利彩票公益金资助为手段，在全国集中建设一批以提供养老服务为主的社会福利机构和社区日间照料设施，解决中国养老服务基础设施的供需矛盾。

In 2009 and 2010，In conjunction with the ministry of national development and reform commission and the aging do actively carry out basic endowment service system construction pilot，Total investment of RMB 500 million yuan for the special fund，Support for 12 provinces、Autonomous region、The municipality's endowment service facilities。Since 2011 the ministry for five years in carry out across the country“Senile welfare in advance”activities，And start implementing“The elderly love ZhuLao engineering”，The government investment and welfare lottery funding welfare as the means，In the national concentrate on the construction of a batch of to provide elderly service primarily social welfare institutions and community day care facilities，Solve Chinese pension service the contradiction between supply and demand of infrastructure。

　　3.地方财政性资金

3. Local financial capital

　　各级政府建设的公共养老设施主要面向高龄、生活较困难、不能自理的老人。随着经济水平的提高，政府加大了对民生领域的投入，全国各地普遍增加了福利院、敬老院、光荣院等福利性机构的建设，同时也建设了部分面向大众的养老公寓。

Governments at all levels of the construction of the main public pension facilities-oriented、Life more difficult、The old man cannot provide for oneself。With the improvement of the economic level，The government stepped up the livelihood of the people in the field of investment，All over the country generally increased the orphanage、home、The construction of the welfare institutions such as glorious institute，Also the construction of the public pension apartment。

　　4.外商投资

4. Foreign investment

　　随着我国经济发展水平的提高和老龄化进程的加速，老年服务产业已经成为有着极大发展潜力的市场，外资企业不仅开始关注中国的银发产业市场，而且积极参与养老设施建设和服务的提供。德国最大的社会服务企业奥古斯汀集团旗下银龄养老院，是首批进入中国养老院产业的外资企业之一，早在2006年6月，德国奥古新诺颐养中心就落户上海国际医学园区，并于2010年上海世博会前建成投入运行。上海假日老年公寓是我国第一座中外合资示范性老年公寓，由全球最大的老年公寓运作公司美国假日老年公寓集团、美国加州湾区最大地产商之一的美国西湖集团以及上海安徽裕安实业总公司联合投资，置身其中宛如一座小型现代化社区。

Along with our country economy development and raising the level of aging process of speed，Older service industry has become a huge potential market，The foreign capital enterprise not only begin to pay close attention to China's silver industry market，And active participation in the construction of facilities and services pension provide。Germany's biggest social service enterprise augustine group, the silver age the Nursing home，Is one of the first to enter China foreign enterprise one of the Nursing home industry，In early June 2006，Germany's new's center is the live in Shanghai international medical park，And in the 2010 world expo in Shanghai built before in operation。Shanghai holiday senile apartment is China's first a sino-foreign joint venture demonstration senile apartment，The world's largest senile apartment operating companies American holiday senile apartment group、The California bay is one of the biggest developers of the American west lake in anhui province and Shanghai group, joint investment industry head office margin，Place oneself among them like a small modern community。

　　5.民营资本

5. Private capital

　　国务院办公厅转发的全国老龄委等10部委《关于加快发展养老服务业的意见》（国办发[2006]6号）明确指出，发展养老服务业要按照政策引导、政府扶持、社会兴办、市场推动的原则，逐步建立和完善以居家养老为基础、社区服务为依托、机构养老为补充的服务体系。要建立公开、平等、规范的养老服务业准入制度，积极支持以公建民营、民办公助、政府补贴、购买服务等多种方式兴办养老服务业，鼓励社会资金以独资、合资、合作、联营、参股等方式兴办养老服务业。根据2010年全国老龄办民办养老服务机构基本状况调查，全国共有登记注册的民办养老机构4141所，仅占全国所有养老服务机构总数的10.6%，养老服务床位41万多张，入住老年人总数为23万多人，床位利用率为57.8%。2009年北京市机构养老设施共366所，养老床位5.58万张，较2001年增加了约4万张床位，百名老人拥有床位数2.48张。政府办与社会办养老床位比例约2∶3。

The state council on forwarding the national committee on aging, the 10 ministries《On speeding up the development of the service industry pension advice》（Countries hair [2006] no. 6）Explicitly pointed out that，Development in accordance with the policy guidance of endowment services、Government support、Established social、The principle of market promotion，Gradually establish and perfect to the endowment for the foundation、Community service to rely on、Institution endowment for added service system。To build public、equality、Standard endowment service industry admittance system，Actively support to the public private、Community funds raised by society、The government subsidies、Buy the service and so on many kinds of ways by endowment services，Encourage social capital to fund owned、Joint venture、cooperation、associated、Equity participation by way of endowment services。According to the 2010 national pension service run by the aged to do basic condition investigation，China had registered non-government organization for aged 4141，All across the country accounted for only 10.6% of the total number of endowment service agencies，Endowment service more than 410000 zhang beds，Check in for a total of more than 230000 elderly people，Bed utilization rate of 57.8%。2009 Beijing institutions were 366 endowment facilities，Endowment 55800 beds，A $2001 increase over about 40000 beds，The old man has ChuangWeiShu 2.48 copies。The government and society do endowment beds. 2:3 proportion。

　　在中央政府政策引导下，各省及部分城市也纷纷出台了促进养老服务业发展的政策措施。如北京市政府为了支持社会力量兴办养老机构，对每个新建床位补贴8000-16000元，并根据每位老人的身体情况每月补助100-200元不等的经济支持。中共江苏省委、江苏省人民政府则在2009年下发了《关于加快我省老龄事业发展的意见》，指出：“各地可采取土地划拨、规费减免、贷款贴息、床位建设补贴、床位运营补贴、以奖代补、购买服务等方式，吸引和鼓励社会资本投资兴办福利性、非盈利性的老年公寓、老年康复中心、托老所、老年护理院等养老服务设施，并在土地使用上优先安排。

In the central government policy guidance，The provincial and parts of the city have been introduced to promote endowment of the development policy measures。Such as the Beijing municipal government in order to support social forces by endowment institutions，For each new beds subsidies 8000-16000 yuan，And according to the old man's body circumstance each monthly subsidy of 100-200 yuan RMB economic support。Jiangsu provincial committee of the communist party of China、Jiangsu provincial people's government in 2009, issued a《On speeding up the development of the cause of aging in opinion》，Points out that：“All over the land transfer may take、Fee reduction、Discount loans、Beds construction subsidies、Beds operation subsidies、With awards for generations、Buy service mode，To attract and encourage social capital to invest in welfare、Non-profit senile apartment、Geriatric rehabilitation center、TuoLaoSuo、Old age pension service facilities such as nursing homes，And the priority of the arrangement for the use of land on。

　　（二）现有融资方式存在的主要问题

（two）The existing main problems of the financing way

　　1.机制不健全，设施建设缺乏合理引导和监督

1. The mechanism is not sound，The lack of reasonable facilities construction of guidance and supervision

　　2010年全国老龄办民办养老服务机构基本状况调查研究课题组发布的调查报告显示，民办养老机构遇到的最大问题是融资难、政策优惠到位难。民办养老机构作为一项与社会福利事业相关的微利性产业，对于制度和政策具有较大的依赖性。一方面，在发展初期养老机构需要通过政策支持和适当的财政补贴才能形成一定的发展规模，并在保持微利性的条件下吸引投资者；另一方面，由于养老机构的供给性质为社会化的养老服务，涉及公民的保障问题，因此政府必须对民办养老机构进行严格的监管，以保证整个服务体系的良性运行。虽然在老龄产业的相关领域之中，政府对养老机构的扶持力度已经相对较大，但仍存在诸多问题。具体问题包括，缺乏长期有效的行业发展指导，导致社会力量建设养老设施存在“有钱没地，有地没钱”的无序现象；配套土地政策、多元化投资机制不健全，导致养老机构在土地取得、融资经营等方面存在一定困难；养老设施建设机制不健全，存在配建缺失、建而不用、挪作他用及违规建设等现象（约20%的养老机构与目前的城乡规划存在较大矛盾）；行业监管不到位，部分公共福利设施变相为盈利设施，如会员制、宾馆改建设施的逃税行为；税收、水电、煤气、电信等方面扶持政策不到位，导致养老机构运营负担较重。

In 2010 the national pension service run by the aged to do basic condition investigation research group released survey report，Private endowment institutions is the biggest problem in financing、Preferential policies in place difficult。Private endowment institutions as a and social welfare undertakings related small profit sex industry，For system and policy has a greater dependence。On the one hand，In the development initial period endowment agencies need through the policy support and appropriate financial subsidies can form a certain scale，And keep in small profit sex conditions to attract investors；On the other hand，Because of the nature of the supply of endowment institutions of endowment service socialization，The security problems involving citizens，Therefore, the government must for private pension institutions for the strict supervision，To ensure that the service system of benign operation。Although in the related fields of industry of aging，The government pension institutions of the support strength has been relatively larger，But still has many problems。Specific problems including，Lack of long-term effective industry development guidance，Lead to social power construction endowment facilities exist“Money does not have to，Have no money to”disorder；Supporting land policy、Diversified investment mechanism is not sound，Lead to endowment institutions in land acquisition、Financing management, and there exist certain difficulties；Endowment facilities construction mechanism is not sound，Exist PeiJian lack、Built without、Used for any other purposes and compasses construction wait for a phenomenon（About 20% of the endowment institutions and the rural and urban planning large contradictions）；Industry regulation is not in place，Part of the public welfare facilities in disguised form for profit facilities，If the membership、Reconstruction of the hotel facilities circumvention；tax、hydropower、gas、Telecommunication etc supporting policies do not reach the designated position，Lead to endowment agencies operating burden is heavy。

　　2.金融发展滞后，限制了养老设施融资方式的多元化发展

2. Financial development lags behind，Limit the endowment facilities the diversification of the financing way

　　房地产投资信托（REITs）作为一种新型的金融产品扩大了住房建设的融资渠道，解决了住房建设的融资困难。REITs作为一种证券化的产业投资基金，具有流动性强的特点，便于投资者参与或退出投资。发达市场经济国家围绕养老设施设立的不动产投资信托，在养老设施建设中发挥了积极作用。而我国，房地产投资信托还处于试点起步阶段。

Real estate investment trust（REITs）As a new type of financial products expand housing financing channel，Solve the housing construction financing difficulties。REITs, as a kind of securitization of industrial investment funds，With liquidity strong characteristic，For investors to participate in or out of the investment。Developed market economy countries set up around the endowment facilities of the real estate investment trust，In the endowment facilities construction play a positive role。And our country，Real estate investment trust is still in the experimental stage。

　　四、相关政策建议

four、Relevant policy Suggestions

　　（一）借鉴国际经验，明确政府在基本养老设施提供及相关融资支持方面的责任

（a）Learn experience from international，Clear the government in the basic pension provision of facilities and related financing support responsibility

　　学习日本，将与养老相关的生产和服务分为养老产业和养老事业两个部分，前者属政府提供公共物品、公共服务的范畴，体现了保障老年人基本生活需求的政府责任，是普遍性福利概念；后者是满足老年人生活多样化、更高层次生活需求的市场模式的产业概念。根据上述分类，养老设施可分为满足老年人基本生活需要的养老设施以及以满足老年人高层次生活、文化需求为目标的养老设施，前者是由政府主办、由《老年人福利法》和《护理保险法》等法律法规保证其公平、公正性的公共服务事业，属于非盈利性事业；后者是以老年人为服务对象的民间盈利事业，主要包括：（1）老年住宅产业。收费型老人公寓、老人集体住宅、昼夜看护服务旅馆、三世同堂住宅、老人住宅的改建和整修；（2）文化生活服务设施等。老年人文化大学、各种体育健身设施。

Studying Japanese，Will and pension related production and service into endowment industry and the endowment business two parts，The former is the government providing public goods、The category of public service，Embodies the basic life safeguard old people demand government responsibility，Welfare is universal concept；The latter is to meet the old life diversification、A higher level of life demand market model industry concept。According to the classification，Endowment facilities can be divided into meet the old basic life to need endowment facilities and to meet the old high-level life、Cultural demand for the goal of endowment facilities，The former is sponsored by the government、by《Old people FuLiFa》and《Care insurance law》And other laws and regulations to ensure the fair、The justice of public service，Belong to nonprofit career；The latter is the target of service of the old folk profitable business，Mainly includes：（1）Older housing industry。Charge type old man apartment、The old man collective residential、Night and day care services to the hotel、Three generations cohabit residential、The old man of the house of rebuilding and repaired；（2）Cultural life service, etc。The old culture university、All kinds of sports fitness facilities。

　　（二）抓紧落实已出台的各项政策措施，拓展养老设施建设的融资来源

（two）To implement various policy measures already published，Development of the construction of the financing source endowment facilities

　　争取加大地方政府基建投入，积极扩大福彩公益金投入，努力吸引慈善资金投入。尽快完善政府补贴、购买服务、高龄补助等政策，并把行之有效的政策及时上升为法规和规章。要加紧制定机构养老、社区养老、居家养老的服务和扶持政策，加紧落实在土地供应、资金投入、税费减免、财政补助、社会融资、供水供电供热、免费服务等方面出台一系列优惠政策，加快兴建公办养老服务机构和社区养老服务设施，加快建立养老服务综合信息平台。大力支持社会力量投资建设养老服务设施，兴办面向家庭和社区的非盈利性社会养老服务机构，抓紧扩大相关职业技术教育，发展义务为老服务的志愿者队伍，尽快适应日益加剧的养老服务需求。（作者：国家发改委投资研究所副所长）

To increase the local government infrastructure investment，Actively expand FuCai welfare inputs，Efforts to attract charitable funds。As soon as possible to perfect the government subsidies、Buying services、Subsidies and other policies-，And the effective policy rise in time for rules and regulations。To strengthen making institution endowment、Community endowment、Family endowment of services and support policies，To implement in the land supply、Money into、Tax cuts、Financial aid、Social financing、Water supply power supply heating、Free services issued a series of preferential policies，To speed up the construction of public pension service agencies and community endowment service facilities，To speed up the establishment of endowment service comprehensive information platform。Support social force investment service facilities construction endowment，By family and community for non-profit social endowment service agencies，Vocational and technical education related to expand，Development of the old service obligation to volunteers，To adapt to the growing as soon as possible endowment service needs。（The author：The national development and reform commission investment, deputy director of institute）

　　文章注解

The article comments

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