不良商家换着法儿蒙人 Undesirable businessman change to be able to

　　王佳娜 本报记者 傅江平

WangJiaNa our reporter FuJiangPing

　　深圳市消委会于今年一季度调查了本市12个在售楼盘后发现：在新房销售中，房地产开发商运用不良营商手法损害消费者合法权益的情况仍然普遍存在。

Shenzhen city council in the year to the first quarter in the city survey 12 sold in that building：Sales of new homes in，Real estate developers use bad business practices damage the legitimate rights and interests of the consumers still common。

　　不良营商手法一：开发商在提供的补充协议中声称“本协议是经买卖双方平等协调达成的补充约定，并非合同格式条款，与预售合同不一致的，以本补充协议为准”，但在实际交易中又不允许消费者协商修改补充协议中的条款。

A bad business practices：Developers in the supplementary agreement provides claimed“This agreement is reached by both parties of the equal coordination supplementary terms，Not contract format terms，And open to booking a contract not consistent，In the supplementary agreement shall prevail”，But in the real deal and not allow consumer consultation additional changes the terms of the agreement。

　　消委会的专家称，补充协议条款是经营者预先为重复使用而单方制定的条款，在订立合同时并未与消费者协商，符合《合同法》第39条第2款关于格式条款的定义，应认定为格式条款。

The council's experts say，Supplementary agreement in advance is operator for repeated use and unilateral set out in the contract，In conclude when the contract with consumers not to negotiate，Accord with《Contract law》Paragraph 2 of article 39 about format definition of terms，Shall be determined as a format terms。

　　由于格式条款是经营者事先单方面制定未予消费者协商的条款，因此我国无论从立法角度还是从行政监管角度都对格式条款做出了较严格的规定。比如《合同法》第39条规定“采用格式条款订立合同的，提供格式条款的一方应当遵循公平原则确定当事人之间的权利和义务，并采取合理的方式提请对方注意免除或者限制其责任的条款，按照对方的要求，对该条款予以说明”，第40条规定“提供格式条款一方免除其责任、加重对方责任、排除对方主要权利的，该条款无效”，第41条规定“对格式条款有两种以上解释的，应当作出不利于提供格式条款一方的解释。格式条款和非格式条款不一致的，应当采用非格式条款”。

Due to the format terms is operator unilaterally has not been formulated in advance of the terms of the consumer consultation，So whatever legislation in China from the Angle of administrative regulation or from the Angle of standard terms to make a strict regulations。For example《Contract law》Provisions of article 39“The format of the contract terms，The party supplying the standard terms shall follow the principle of fairness in prescribing the rights and obligations between the parties，And the way to take reasonable call the other party's attention to exempt or limit the responsibility of terms，According to the requirements of each other，The provision specification”，Provisions of article 40“Provide format terms excludes the liabilities of the party、Aggravating the other party responsibility、The other main right out，This clause is invalid”，Provisions of article 41“To format terms have two or more interpretations，Provide format terms shall make a go against a party's explanation。The terms and the format of standard terms not consistent，The non-standard term prevails”。

　　房地产开发商在明明是合同格式条款的协议中非要强调协议是“非格式条款”，若真是非格式条款，就应该允许消费者协商修改，但在实际交易中，开发商又不允许协商修改。而在这个不允许协商修改的补充协议中又大量存在着损害消费者合法权益的不平等的格式条款，开发商这样做的目的是显而易见的，即如果承认是格式条款，其补充协议中大量的不平等条款将面临着可能无效的司法认定，如果标上“此协议非合同格式条款”，则可造成是与消费者平等协商形成合同的假象，补充协议中的不平等条款就可以辩解说是消费者自愿接受的条款，一旦发生纠纷，在法律适用方面，会出现对消费者极其不利的局面。

Real estate developers is clearly in the contract format clauses in the agreement to emphasize protocol is“The format terms”，If that's the standard terms，You should allow consumers to negotiate amendments，But in the real deal，Developers and not allowed to negotiate amendments。And in this don't allow consultation modified compensatory agreement there was a massive damage to the legal rights and interests of consumers don't equal format terms，Developers the aim is obvious，That if admitted that format terms，The compensatory agreement a large number of equal terms will be facing possible invalid judicial cognizance，If marked“This agreement is not contract format terms”，It can cause is the formation of the contract with consumers equal consultation of illusion，The supplementary agreement not equal terms can have argued consumers to voluntarily accept terms，Once a dispute，In the applicable law，Will appear on consumers' extremely disadvantageous situation。

　　开发商这种做法对消费者权益的侵害是毋庸置疑的，而这种手法背后隐藏的巨大法律陷阱也是急需揭示和惩戒的，此手法应引起立法、司法和执法部门的高度重视，予以科学引导规范，方有利于房地产市场长远健康发展。

The developers of the rights and interests of consumers, this practice infringement is without a doubt，And this kind of gimmick behind huge legal trap is also need reveals and retribution，This technique should be caused legislation、Justice and law enforcement agencies are highly valued，Guide to science，Party to the real estate market long-term health development。

　　不良营商手法二：消费者需要认真阅读理解的合同文件只有一份，常被固定于交易场所的角落处，其中的补充协议存在大量不公平条款，其字体细小如麻。整本合同文件内容繁多，专业性极强，但却不允许消费者拍照或复印，也不允许带走，经营者更不会主动提示和解释其内容，甚至还催促消费者先交定金，再看合同。

Two bad business practices：Consumers need to be reading understood the contract documents only a，Often are fixed on the corner trading places，One of the supplementary agreement there are lots of unfair terms，The font fine as linen。The whole of various content contract documents，Highly professional，But does not allow consumers taking pictures or copy，Also not allow away，Operators more can't active tips and explain the contents，Even also urged consumers pay the deposit，And look at the contract。

　　专家认为，诚实信用原则是市场经济活动的一项基本道德准则，《合同法》第6条规定：“当事人行使权利、履行义务应当遵循诚实信用原则。”经营者前述不良营商手法使得缺乏专业知识、对楼盘信息的了解与经营者严重不对等的消费者无法充分阅读和理解要签署的一系列文件、合同，这种做法，使消费者的知情权无法得到充分保障，也明显违反了诚实信用原则。《中国质量报》

Experts say，Honesty and credit principle of economic activities in the market is a basic moral code，《Contract law》Provisions of article 6：“The parties to exercise their rights、To perform its obligations shall abide by the principle of good faith。”The foregoing bad business practices operators that lack of professional knowledge、To the building dish information and understanding of the operators of serious wrong consumers cannot fully read and understand to be signed a series of documents、contract，This kind of practice，The consumers' right to know can't be fully guaranteed，Also obvious violation of the principle of good faith。《China quality report》