未来，制约养老机构发展的一大瓶颈——土地，或将随着《老年人权益保障法（修订草案）》（以下简称“《老年人权益保障法》”）的推出而发生改变。

The future，Restrict endowment mechanism of the development of bottleneck, the land，Or with《Protection of the rights and interests of the elders（Revised draft）》（Hereinafter referred to as“《Protection of the rights and interests of the elders》”）Out of the change。

　　近日，本报记者获悉，“养老服务设施建设纳入城乡规划，非营利性养老服务设施用地可使用国有划拨土地或依法使用农民集体所有土地”的提议已列入《老年人权益保障法》中，正等待审议通过。目前，这一法规已进入二审阶段。

recently，Our correspondent has learned that，“Endowment service facilities construction in urban and rural planning，Nonprofit endowment service facilities can use state-owned land in accordance with law or use a farmers' collective all land”Proposal has been put in《Protection of the rights and interests of the elders》in，Waiting for the review。At present，The laws and regulations has entered the second stage。

　　“如果审议通过，这对于养老机构发展将是质的改变！”北京太阳城集团董事长朱凤泊表示，这也意味着在城市未来5年规划中政府必须将养老用地列入规划，否则就是政绩不达标。

“If adopted by，The pension mechanism development will be a qualitative change！”Beijing sun city group chairman of the board ZhuFengBo said，It also means that in the city over the next five years planning the government must will be included in the planning of endowment land，Otherwise it is substandard achievements。

　　如果这些政策得到落实的话，那么，制约养老机构发展的两大因素之一的土地成本高的问题将有望得到解决。

If these policies implemented words，so，Restrict endowment institution development of one of the two factors of the land cost high problem is expected to be resolved。

　　然而，这一提议也遭到了一些现实的阻力。“目前土地改革的趋势是：逐步缩小征地范围，保障农民的土地财产权，养老用地进入集体土地是与目前的中央政策相违背的。”农业部政策法规司的一位人士表示。

however，The proposal was met by some realistic resistance。“At present is the trend of land reform：Gradually narrowing scope of land requisition，Protecting farmers' land property rights，Endowment land into the collective land is and the central policy should be。”The ministry of agriculture policies and regulations of the department of a say。

　土地瓶颈渐解 Land bottleneck asymptotic solution

　　“2009年时，民政部向我征求意见，我们就提议将养老用地要纳入城乡规划，因为养老领域利润低、周期性长，所以地方政府并不热衷于养老领域服务，如果立法顺利通过，那么地方政府就将被强制性注重养老产业的发展。”朱凤泊说。

“In 2009，The ministry of civil affairs to me for advice，We will offer will endowment land to into rural and urban planning，Because endowment field of low profit、Periodic long，So the local government is not keen on pension services，If the legislation passed，So local governments will be mandatory old-age support industry development。”ZhuFengBo said。

　　现在，商业型养老项目基本都是建设在国有出让用地上，由于在城市规划领域没有养老产业用地这一土地用途，多数养老项目只能以招拍挂方式获得居住用地、商业用地、医疗用地等，导致前期土地成本非常高。

now，Commercial type endowment project are basically in the state-owned construction land transfer on，Because in the field of urban planning no endowment industry land this land use，Most endowment project can only to bidding, auction, listing way to getting the habitable land、Commercial land、Medical land, etc，Cause the land cost is very high。

　　北京太阳城位于北京著名的小汤山温泉疗养区内，当时朱凤泊以医疗健康和养老为开发方向申请政策支持时，才获得政府相应的“关照”，以每亩30万元的价格拿到了623亩的土地。

Beijing sun city is located in the famous Beijing xiaotangshan hot springs health area，At that time ZhuFengBo to health and pension for the development direction for policy support，Just get the government corresponding“attention”，With the price of RMB 300000 yuan to 623 acres of land。

　　“尽管土地有一些优惠，但要想在短时间内迅速盈利颇有难度，像我们也是摸索了10年才开始盈利的，其他的养老企业更是步履蹒跚。”朱凤泊坦言。

“Although there are some preferential land，But to rapidly in a short time profit quite have the difficulty，As we are groped for 10 years to start profitable，Other endowment enterprise is rolled up。”ZhuFengBo said。

　　土地，是养老机构最难突破的发展瓶颈，很多情况下，企业是从国土局跑到规划局，再到当地发改委、民政局，得到的答案都是没地，这也使养老机构的发展停步或败北。

land，Is endowment institutions the most difficult breakthrough development bottleneck，In many cases，Enterprise from land and resources bureau ran to the planning bureau，To local development and reform commission、Civil affairs bureau，The answer is not to，This also makes the development of organization for aged stop or defeat。

　　不过，随着市场需求的加大以及老龄化时代的到来，政府已关注到这一“民生工程”。

but，Along with the market demand increase and the arrival of the era of aging，The government has paid close attention to this one“The livelihood of the people project”。

　　北京市规划委员会内部就传出消息，正在制定养老机构拿地的相关优惠政策，养老机构拿地很可能不走招拍挂流程，而是以协议出让的形式获得。并准备将养老设施的建设纳入整体规划，在五环沿线建设集中养老区；并研究按区域面积配置，逐步解决“100个老人中只有1.5个床位”的养老难题。

The Beijing planning committee internal spread the news，Is developing endowment institutions to take the relevant preferential policies，Endowment institutions take chances don't walk bidding, auction, listing process，But as the form to obtain the agreement。And prepare will endowment facilities into the overall planning，In the construction of concentrated along the endowment area；And research by area area configuration，Solved step by step“100 an old man, only 1.5 beds”Endowment problem。

　　此外，根据媒体报道，到2020年成都也将规划养老用地11709亩支持养老产业发展。

In addition，According to media reports，To 2020, chengdu will also planning endowment land of 11709 mu support endowment industry development。

　　而《老年人权益保障法》中的提议更令业界期待。

and《Protection of the rights and interests of the elders》The proposal to the industry look forward to more。

　　政策的难处 Policy take the trouble of the

　　如果这一政策得以实施，那么建在集体土地上的北京市昌平区郑各庄村的“养老国际公寓”将合法化。

If the policy implementation，So built in collective land in changping district of Beijing ZhengGeZhuang village“Endowment international apartment”Legalization will。

　　“十七届三中全会已提出土地改革原则，其中之一就是区分公益性用地和经营性用地的界限，逐步缩小征地的范围。这一原则指出，在城镇规划区外，建设非公益性项目占用农民集体土地时，这部分土地可以不征收，而是让农民直接参与经营和开发，保障农民获得开发收益的权利。”上述农业部政策法规司的一位专家补充道。

“The third plenary session of the 17th has put forward the principle of land reform，One of them is to distinguish between public land and profit-oriented land boundaries，Gradually narrowing the scope of land requisition。It is pointed out that a principle，In the town planning area，The construction of public welfare projects not occupy a farmers' collective land，This part of the land can not be levied，But to let farmers directly participating in management and development，Safeguard farmers obtain development income rights。”The department of agriculture policies and regulations of the department of an expert added。

　　国土资源部咨询中心的一位专家对此事也提出了质疑，非盈利性养老用地可以使用农民集体土地，是不符合《土地管理法》的修法理念的，按照国务院法制办副主任、党组成员甘藏春的说法，必须大幅度提高征地农民的补偿标准，同时缩小农村征地范围。但养老院大多数是惠及城市老年人群体，很多是富裕老人，这会伤害农民的利益。如果相关部门不出台养老用地使用农村集体用地的补偿标准，那么这条提议应该废除。

The ministry of land and resources consulting center of an expert on it also puts forward the question，Nonprofit endowment land can use farmer collective land，Is not accord with《Land administration law》The practice of the concept of law，According to, deputy director of the legislative、Party members Kennedy hidden spring said，Must be improved of the farmers whose land compensation standards，At the same time, narrow scope of rural land expropriation。But most of the old city is home to the group，Many are the rich old man，This will damage the interests of farmers。If the relevant departments on land use not old-age rural collective land compensation standards，So this article proposed should be done away with。

　　另据本报记者调查了解，国土部门对于“养老用地进入城乡规划、依法使用农民集体所有土地”是持保留意见的。“如果是非营利性养老服务设施用地，采取划拨形式理所当然；但如果是经营性质的养老服务设施用地，应该通过招拍挂形式走商服用地，如果走其他住宅类型用地，那么就会造成以养老名义进行住宅开发。”西安市国土资源局的相关人士表示。

The other according to our reporter investigating，For the department of land management“Endowment land into rural and urban planning、Use in accordance with the farmers' collective all land”Is the opinions of reservations。“If a non-profit endowment service facilities，Take transfer form taken for granted；But if it is business nature endowment service facilities，Should through bidding, auction, listing form go ShangFu land，If go other residential type land，So can cause to endowment name for housing development。”Xian city land and resources bureau of the relevant personage says。

　　中国人民大学土地管理系主任叶剑平在此前接本报采访时也指出，实际上，养老项目用地要从性质上要加以划分：具有福利色彩和保障性质的，如敬老院和养老院，针对“三无”老人和五保户，应由政府公共部门提供土地，不进入市场流通。针对开发商的行为，也要进行细分。完全市场销售行为，土地要按市场方式去获得；准市场行为，类似公租房，可以采用定向供应土地的方式。

People's university of China land management department YeJianPing in previous meet our newspaper interview also pointed out，In fact，Endowment project land from the nature to be divided：Has the welfare colour and guarantee the nature，Such as gerocomium and nursing homes，According to“neutral”The old man and 5 protect door，The government shall provide public departments of land，Do not enter the market circulation。According to the behavior of the developer，Also must carry on the segmentation。Complete market sales behavior，The land by the way to gain market；Quasi market behavior，Similar male renting a house，Can use directional supply land way。

　　“养老机构的用地如果要从土地制度上有所调整，是不是可以借鉴保障性住房的做法，也是值得研究的。”叶剑平说。

“Endowment institutions to land if from the land system change，If we can reference for the practice of affordable housing，Is also worth studying。”YeJianPing said。

　　“实际上，要使该政策提议落地，是需要多部委联合出台细则的，但这又势必会落入一个‘循环往复的状态’，需要等待。”中国城市发展研究院副院长章惠生表示。

“In fact，To make the policy proposal fall to the ground，Is need more ministries declared rules，But it will inevitably fall into a‘Recycle state’，Needs to wait for。”The development of cities in China, vice President of the institute ZhangHuiSheng said。