遗址年代是如何确认的 Site s is how to confirm

　　正值初冬，记者一行驱车来到顺山集遗址挖掘现场。顺山集遗址在一大片农田中，被一条田间小路一分为二，目前部分遗址已经回填，不过依然可以发现少量远古时代的碎陶片、红烧土。

When winter,Reporters drove to a line along the mountain set site mining field.The mountain set sites in a large field of,By a bench border between the two sides path,Currently, some sites have backfill,But can still find a few pieces of ancient times Brennan/Stewed soil.

顺山集遗址墓葬群全景。 The mountain set site tomb group of panoramic. 顺山集遗址出土的双耳壶。 The mountain set site unearthed binaural pot.
　　记者看到，遗址已经被绿栅栏和白线圈出，同行的宿迁市泗洪博物馆馆长江枫介绍说，“绿栅栏围挡的是遗址核心区，地上的白线则是遗址上环壕的位置，环壕也就是遗址中的深沟，与后来的护城河作用相似，有抵御自然风险和其他部落进攻的双重功能。”环壕北部地势最高，向南逐渐倾斜，最南端为赵庄水库，此处原为一条东西走向的自然河道，与壕沟组成一个封闭空间。“这里地处淮河中下游，水患较多，环壕还具有排水功能。”江枫介绍说。

The reporter sees,Site has been green fence and white coil out,Peer suqian SiHong museum curator JiangFeng said,"Green barrier is the WeiDang site,The white line is the location of the site in ring trench,Ring trench is also the site of the deep groove,And then the moat of similar action,A natural defenses against risks and other tribes double function of attack."Ring in the northern topography supreme,To the south shelved,The southernmost tip for ZhaoZhuang reservoir,Here was a thing to natural river,And ditches form a closed space."Here is located in the middle and lower reaches the huaihe river,Floods more,Ring trench also has drainage function."JiangFeng said.

　　四年前的夏天，遗址附近的大新庄村民在挖沙时，不经意挖出了很多碎陶片，村民第一时间通知了当地博物馆。率先赶到现场的江枫回忆说，当时村民已经挖出了一个很清晰的断面，土层颜色分明，其实那就是环壕的断面。在断面最底层的大量陶片堆中，江枫发现了一个前所未见的猪首形类似支架的砂陶质器物，于是，请南京博物院考古研究所所长林留根到顺山集遗址进行实地考察鉴定。经林留根仔细辨别和检测，得出“猪首形支架是釜的支脚”这一结论。

The summer of four years ago,Near the site of villagers in xinzhuang when setting,You put out a lot of broken Brennan,The first time inform the local museum.Take the lead in the scene JiangFeng recalled,When the villagers have been digging out a clear section,Soil color clear,In fact that's ring graff's section.In the section of the bottom of the pile Brennan,JiangFeng found a unprecedented pig first form similar support sand ceramic artifacts,so,Please nanjing museum archaeological institute director Lin leave root to the mountain set site inspect the appraisal.Leave the forest root carefully distinguish and testing,draw"Pig first form support is still the leg"This conclusion.

　　林留根介绍说：“釜是一种远古时代的锅，多为圆形底、深腹筒形，夹砂陶占绝大多数，先民们将釜放在支脚上架空进行烧煮，这反映了当时先民的生活状况。”

Lin leave root said:"Still is a pot of ancient times,For round bottom/Deep belly barrel,The majority of ceramic sand inclusion,The ancestors' will still on a feet overhead for cooking,This reflects the living condition of people at that time."

　　后来，他们又邀请北京大学考古文博学院副教授秦岭对遗址进行一次系统采样，样本经过北京大学加速器质谱实验室、第四纪年代测定实验室测定，年代为距今8100至8300年，这才最终确认了顺山集遗址为8000多年前的远古聚落。而在之前，学界一直认为太湖流域距今约6500年的马家浜文化是江苏省境内最早的史前文明遗址，这一发现将江苏文明史向前推了一千多年。

later,They also invite Peking University institute of archaeology associate professor superiority of qinling site on a system sampling,Sample after Beijing university accelerator mass spectrometry laboratory/Quaternary dating laboratory test,S about 8100 to 8300,It finally confirmed that the mountain set site for 8000 years ago the ancient settlement.And before,Academic circles have been think of taihu basin dating from about 6500 years in jiangsu province horse jia bang culture is the earliest prehistoric civilization sites within the territory,This discovery will push forward jiangsu civilization for more than one thousand years.

　　其实，顺山集遗址早在1962年就由南京博物院尹焕章、张正祥等先生调查发现并命名，后经2007年第三次全国文物普查复查确认。虽然遗址发现得早，但是由于只经过简单的初步探测，并没有确定它是新石器时期的远古村落遗址，所以长期以来未引起足够重视。

In fact,The mountain set sites as early as in 1962 YinHuanZhang by nanjing museum/ZhangZhengXiang Mr. Such as survey found and named,By 2007 the third national cultural relics census review confirmation.Although the site found early,But because of a simple preliminary detection,Did not make sure it is the new period of ancient village sites,So for a long time did not cause enough attention.

　　2010年起，南京博物院联合泗洪县博物馆组成考古队再次对顺山集遗址进行钻探发掘。江枫介绍说，“三年来的发掘收获颇丰，目前已清理新石器时代的墓葬92座、房址5座、灰坑26座、灶类遗迹3座、大面积红烧土堆积及狗坑各一处，出土陶、石、玉、骨器共计300余件，还在多处浮选出的碳化稻米。”

Since 2010,Nanjing museum of joint sihong museum team once again to the mountain set on drilling site excavation.JiangFeng said,"Three years of discover the harvest quite abundantly,At present already clean neolithic burial 92 seats/Room address five seat/Pit and a/Stove class remains 3 seat/Large area to braise in soy sauce soil accumulation and dog pit the one place,Unearthed pottery/stone/jade/A total of 300 pieces of bone object,Also in the flotation of the carbide rice."

　　探秘远古先民的生活状况 Quest ancient ancestors conditions of life

　　一般来说，村落有民居，有环村河流，有公共墓地，可耕植，可养畜，自给自足。那么，8000年前远古村落的先民们是如何生活的？带着问题，记者跟随江枫来到白线标出的环壕区域，等待答案的揭晓。

Generally speaking,Village houses have,A ring village river,There is a public cemetery,Arable planting,But stock keeping,self-sufficiency.so,8000 years ago the ancient village ancestors' is how to live?With a problem,Reporters followed JiangFeng came to the white line mark ring graff area,After waiting for the answer.

　　据江枫介绍，环壕东西宽约230米、南北长约350米、周长近千米，将遗址划分为内外两个区域，环壕内是居住区，环壕外是墓葬区。“那时挖千米长的环壕难度非常大，这也是整个淮河下游流域发现时代最早、规模最大的环壕，堪称"中华第一壕"。”林留根分析说。

According to JiangFeng introduced,Ring graff things about 230 meters wide/North and south about 350 meters long/Perimeter of nearly,The site is divided into inside and outside two area,Ring trench in residential area,Ring in the burial area."Then dig km long ring graff difficulty is very big,This is also the huai river downstream river basin found the first time/The largest ring graff,can"The first graff"."Lin leave root analysis said.

　　走进环壕内，记者来到其中一处先民们的房址前。江枫告诉记者，房址有浅地穴式和平面起建式两种。房址内，首先映入眼帘的是被标出的近20个柱洞，大大小小的柱洞围成一个椭圆形，中间是一个顶梁柱，四周也用柱子支撑，可以想象，那时候的房子是圆形或者椭圆形的，“住处从山洞或半地穴式房子演变到窝棚再到如今发现的改进式窝棚，是人类文明的进步。”江枫深有感触地说。

Into the ring in the trench,The reporter comes to one of the ancestors' in the room before the address.JiangFeng told reporters,Room address have shallow ground type and plane build up type two kinds.Room in the address,The first view is the mark by nearly twenty ZhuDong,Greatly small ZhuDong round into a oval,The middle is a pillar,All around with their support,Can imagine,The house is round or oval,"From the cave dwellings or half ground type house evolution to the shack and then to now found improvement type shack,Is the progress of human civilization."That JiangFeng said.

　　在房址附近是灶类遗迹。“灶类遗迹就是残存的陶支脚、灶釜的残片以及因火烤而成的烧结面等。”考古队的一名队员介绍说。记者有幸在泗洪博物馆看到了一个可移动的灶釜组合，高约24厘米、宽约30厘米的方形灶上面放了一个圆底深腹釜。“先民们很聪明，为了方便，他们将灶改进成可移动的，而且是目前出土最完整的灶，可以说是"中华第一灶"。”泗洪文化广电新闻出版局局长何光军笑言。

In the room near the site is the remains of focal class."Kitchen class sites is remaining ceramic leg/Cooker kettle pieces and roast for a sintered surface, etc."A member of the team said.Reporter in SiHong museum to see a portable stove kettle combination,About 24 cm high/Wide about 30 cm square stove top put a round bottom deep belly kettle."The ancestors' is very clever,In order to facilitate the,They will stove improvement into mobile,And is the most complete unearthed the stove,Can be said to be"The first stove"."SiHong culture radio and television news ChuBanJu chief HeGuangJun smiled and said.

　　那时人们吃什么？看到灶釜，记者心中涌出疑问。“研究人员通过对近百个单位样品的浮选及水洗工作，均发现有碳化稻存在。”林留根说，现在已经确定是驯化稻，说明那时淮河流域的人们已经有意识种稻，并用石磨盘、石磨球将稻谷碾磨成粉，使生活具有一定的品质。

When people eat?See the cooker kettle,Reporters out in question."The researchers based on nearly unit sample flotation and washing work,There were found to have carbonized rice."Lin said leave root,Now has been determined to be domesticated rice,At that time that the huaihe river basin have been conscious rice,And ShiMoPan/Stone mill ball will rice mill into powder,Make life has certain quality.

　　环壕内的居住区让人们对远古文明大为惊叹，那么环壕外的墓葬区又将有怎样的新发现？走出环壕，记者发现有两处墓葬群，分别位于遗址的西北和西南角。“现在发掘出来的墓葬均为长方形竖穴土坑墓，成排分布，以单人葬为主，存在少量的双人合葬和多人合葬墓。”林留根介绍说，“从独立出来的墓葬群可以明显看出，那时先民们已经有意识将墓地与居住区区分开来，并把死去的人有序埋葬，这对研究当时的丧葬习俗、宗教信仰等是非常宝贵的资源。”林留根叹息道，由于挖掘出来的墓葬均开口于现代耕土层之下，受到自然和人为破坏，骨架保存较差，部分仅剩粉状痕迹，给研究造成了一定的难度。

Ring trench in the residential area to let people amazed ancient civilizations,So ring in the burial area and will have what kind of new discovery?Out of the ring in,Reporters found that there are two place of burial,Located in the northwest and southwest corner site."Now the excavated tombs are rectangular vertical cavity pit tomb,Rows distribution,Mainly in single was buried,In small double grave sites and people."Lin leave root said,"Independent from the tomb group can be obvious,Then the ancestors' have conscious will distinguish graveyard and residential area,And the dead man ordered buried,The research of the funeral custom at that time/Religious belief is a very valuable resource."Lin leave root sighs,Due to the mining out of the tombs are open to the modern tillage under the soil,By natural and artificial damage,Skeleton save is poor,Part of the last traces of powder,To study caused certain difficulty.

　　对于墓葬群的安置，江枫推测，房址是在坡面上，而墓地建在环壕的外围，处在西北角，这有可能是一种史前风水文化。

For the resettlement of tomb group,JiangFeng speculation,Room address is in the slope surface,And the cemetery is in ring graff peripheral,In the northwest corner,This may be a prehistoric feng shui culture.

　　遗址的价值 The value of the site

　　“距今8000多年的顺山集遗址是现在可以确认的并且经过论证的江苏最早的一处新石器时代遗址。从全国范围来看，也是同一时期、规模最大的环壕聚落之一，它的发掘研究为厘清淮河中下游地区新石器时代文化面貌、经济形态及古环境打下了坚实基础，为探索淮河流域乃至中国东部地区古文化交流和人群迁徙提供了重要线索。”林留根如是说。

"More than 8000 years ago the mountain set site is now can confirm and demonstrated jiangsu the earliest one place neolithic sites.From countrywide,Is also the same period/The largest ring in one of the settlement,It is out to clarify the huai river middle and lower reaches neolithic culture outlook/Economic form and paleoenvironment laid a solid foundation,To explore the huai river valley and eastern China cultural communication and population migration provides important clues."Lin said leave root.

　　顺山集遗址是一座历史文化宝库，是中国同时期比较发达的早期农业文明发源地之一，发现的房址、墓地、壕沟显示出清晰的聚落布局，填补了淮河中下游地区新石器时代中期早段聚落考古的空白，“中华第一壕”、“中华第一灶”为远古文明增添了厚重的一笔。

The mountain set site is a historical and cultural treasure house,Is China the same period is developed early agricultural civilization cradles,Found room address/cemetery/Ditch shows clear settlement layout,Fill the huai river middle and lower reaches middle neolithic age of early settlement archaeology blank,"The first graff"/"The first stove"For the ancient civilization added thick a pen.

　　林留根介绍说，除了第一壕、第一灶，我们还在遗址中发现了两件堪称中华第一的艺术作品。一件是在顺山集遗址一期发现的玉管，说明当时已有管钻加工技术，将江苏文明推到8000年前；另一件是精心制作的圆雕鹿角器，它通体被打磨得像玉石一样光滑，把手处野猪的獠牙、眼睛和耳朵非常清晰。“据猜测，这件鹿角器也许是身份的象征，虽然当时技术水平落后，但是遗址出土的陶器和石器线条圆润、形状规则，另外挖掘出的人面、熊面、鸟面等泥塑面具以及存在于一些陶器表面的乳钉、镂孔、刻划纹等纹饰也都能说明那时的居民具有一定审美观念，开始追求精致的生活。”

Lin leave root said,In addition to the first graff/The first stove,We also found in the ruins of the two is the first work of art.One is in the mountain site set a period found jade tube,It demonstrate that the existing pipe drill processing technology,Jiangsu civilization will push to 8000 years ago;The other one is elaborate full relief antlers apparatus,It was the burnish like jade as smooth,Handle place wild boar's tusks/Eyes and ears are very clear."According to forecasting,The antler device maybe is the symbol of one's status,Although at that time the technical level lag behind,But site unearthed pottery and stone rounded lines/Shape rules,In addition the mining face/Bear surface/Birds face mask and clay in some ceramic surface milk nail/After hole/Score the grain and so on also can explain that residents have certain aesthetic perception,Began to the pursuit of delicate life."

　　沉睡了8000多年的顺山集古村落已经被挖掘，出土的环壕、房址、驯化稻、陶塑艺术品等都具有鲜明的文化特色。但是，由于几千年来的水土流失，遗址就浅浅地埋藏在地下二三十厘米处，很容易受到破坏，这座遗址的发掘和保护便成了众人关注的焦点。

Sleep for more than 8000 years of ancient villages along the mountain set has been mining,Unearthed ring trench/Room address/Domestication rice/The chahai art has its own cultural characteristics.but,Due to soil and water loss for thousands of years,Site is shallowly buried in the ground twenty or thirty centimeters,Very easy to damage,The site of administration and protection became the focus of all.

　　对此，泗洪县政府正在积极行动，不仅划定了20万平方米的保护区，将顺山集遗址划分为本体(核心)保护区、遗址外围建设控制地带、外围环境控制区三个保护区域，禁止深耕、栽树，还将一座规划中的大坝进行重新选址。如今，顺山集文化遗址已被破格晋升为省级文物保护单位。“目前将已经发掘出来的墓葬、一部分房址、灰坑等回填，也是当前对顺山集遗址相对合适的保护措施。”江枫告诉记者。

this,Sihong government is positive action,Not only a 200000 square meters of reserves,Will the mountain set site is divided into body(core)reserve/Site peripheral construction control zone/Peripheral environment control area three protection area,Ban subsoil/trees,Will a planning in the dam site selection again.now,The mountain set cultural sites has been abnormality promotion for the provincial cultural relics protection units."Now will have unearthed out of the tomb/Address part of the room/Pit and backfill,Is the current to the mountain set site relative appropriate protective measures."JiangFeng told reporters.

　　采访结束时，何光军表示：“我们将对顺山集遗址采用集遗址本体保护、历史环境修复、生态环境建设、传统农业生产为一体的"考古遗址公园"方式，在原地建一座古遗址公园，在保护的同时也能带动本地旅游。”

At the end of the interview,HeGuangJun said:"We will set the mountain site using set site body protection/History environmental restoration/Ecological environment construction/The traditional agricultural production as a whole"Archaeological site park"way,In situ build a ancient ruins park,In the protection at the same time also can promote the local tourism."

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